“All-Ireland Senior Football Championship”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) ({{lang-ga|Craobhchomórtas Sinsear na hÉireann sa Pheil}}), the premier competition in gaelic football, is an annual series of games played in Ireland and organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA).^[2] The All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final is played by the "35th Sunday of the year" at Croke Park in Dublin, with the winning team receiving the Sam Maguire Cup.

Contested by the top inter-county football teams in Ireland, the tournament has taken place every year since 1887, except in 1888, when the competition was not played due to a tour of the United States by would-be competitors.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

History

The first Championship to be held featured club teams who represented their respective counties after their county championship. The 21 a-side final was between Commercials of Limerick and Young Irelands of Louth. The final was played in Beech Hill, Clonskeagh (not Bird Avenue) on 29 April 1888 with Commercials winning by 1–4 to 0–3. Unlike later All-Ireland competitions, there were no provincial championships, and the result was an open draw.

The second Championship was unfinished owing to the American Invasion Tour. The 1888 provincial championships had been completed (Tipperary, Kilkenny and Monaghan winning them; no Connacht teams entered) but after the Invasion tour returned, the All-Ireland semi-final and final were not played. English team London reached the final four times in the early years of the competition (1900–1903).

In 1892, inter-county teams were introduced to the All-Ireland Championship. Congress granted permission for the winning club to use players from other clubs in the county, thus the inter-county teams came into being. The rules of hurling and football were also altered: goals were made equal to five points, and teams were reduced from 21 to 17 a-side.

The 1903 Championship brought Kerry's first All-Ireland title. They went on to become the most successful football team in the history of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship.^[3]

The first half of the twentieth century brought the rise of several teams who won two or more All-Ireland titles in that period, such as Kildare, Mayo, Cavan, Wexford and Roscommon. In the 1990s, a significant sea change took place, as the All-Ireland was claimed by an Ulster team in four consecutive years (1991–1994). Since then Ulster has produced more All-Ireland winning teams than any other province.^[4]

The All-Ireland Qualifiers were introduced in 2001. Later that year, the 2001 final brought victory for Galway who became the first football team to win an All-Ireland by springing through "the back door." In 2013, Hawk-Eye was introduced for Championship matches at Croke Park.^[5] It was first used to confirm that Offaly substitute Peter Cunningham's attempted point had gone wide 10 minutes into the second half of a game against Kildare.^[6] 2013 also brought the first Friday night game in the history of the Championship - a first round qualifier between Carlow and Laois.^[7]

Teams

Format

Current format

The county is a geographical region in Ireland, and each of the thirty-two counties in Ireland organise their own gaelic games affairs through a County Board. The county teams play in their respective Provincial Championships (reflective of the four Irish provinces) in Connacht (which also includes teams from London and New York), Leinster, Munster, and Ulster. Kilkenny is currently unique among the 32 Irish county associations in not participating in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. The Provincial Championships operate through a knock-out cup competition format. They take place during the months of May and June. The winners of each of the four Provincial Championships earn a place in the All-Ireland Super 8s, a round robin group stage new to the 2018 Championship, which takes place in the months of July and August.

Each provincial championship match is played as a single leg. If a match is drawn extra time is played. However, if both sides are still level at the end of extra time a replay takes place. In the case of a provincial final if matches end level a replay takes place without extra time.

The twenty-nine teams that fail to win their respective Provincial Championships receive a second opportunity to reach the All-Ireland Series via the All Ireland Qualifiers (also known as the 'back door'). The qualifiers series takes place in the months of June and July and operates as follows:

Significant changes to the format of the Championship were made at GAA's Annual Congress in February 2017. The most significant change is the creation of The All-Ireland Quarter-Final Group Stage (known as the Super 8s), which replaced the previous Quarter-Final stage of the Championship. Additionally the All-Ireland Final was moved to August and replays will only be held for drawn provincial finals and drawn All-Ireland Finals, with extra time to be played in all other Championship matches. The changes will be trialled for three years before being reviewed by the GAA in late 2020.^[8]

Quarter-finals format (2001–17)

From 2001-17, the Championship was played using the Quarter-finals format. Under this format Provincial matches would take place during the months of May, June and July. The winners of each of the four Provincial Championships would earn a place in the All-Ireland Quarter-Finals, which would take place in the month of August. Replays would be played for all drawn matches, not just drawn Provincial Finals and drawn All-Ireland Finals. Extra-time would only be used for Replays and Qualifier Matches. If the teams were still level after extra time, the qualifier match would go to a replay or in the case of replays, another replay would take place.

The qualifiers series would take place in the months of June and July with the winning four teams of Round 4 playing the four Provincial Champions in the All-Ireland Quarter Finals.

Historic format (1888–2000)

For the first All-Ireland championship in 1887, the competition was played on an open draw knockout basis. From 1888, the provincial system was introduced, whereby the counties in each of Ireland's four provinces would play each other on a knockout basis to find provincial champions. These four champions would meet in the All-Ireland semi-finals. The structure outlined above was adopted in 2001 to allow more games to be played, but still retain provincial championships and the knockout structure, resulting in every game continuing to be a meaningful fixture, with no dead-rubber league format matches being played out.

All-Ireland finals

Typically, over the four Sundays of September, All-Ireland Finals in men's football, ladies' football, hurling and camogie take place at Croke Park, the national stadium of the GAA. Two grades are played on each final day, the senior team and the minor team (consisting of younger players, under the age of 18, who have participated in that year's All-Ireland Minor Football Championship). Guests who attend these events include the President of Ireland, the Taoiseach and other important dignitaries. The football final is considered the pinnacle event of this period.

The final game of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship takes place on the third Sunday of September. The men's decider regularly attracts crowds of over 80,000. The winning team captain receives the Sam Maguire Cup. The current champions are Dublin.

Venues

Records and statistics

Although Wexford were the first county to win four consecutive All-Ireland Senior Football Finals (1915–18), historically Kerry have been the most successful football team in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. As of 2015, Kerry have won the competition on 37 occasions, winning in four consecutive years twice (1929–1932 and 1978–1981) and for three consecutive years twice as well (1939–1941 and 1984–1986). Dublin have joined the four in a row club winning the competition consecutively since 2014. No team has yet conquered the five in a row. Galway were the first team from the western province of Connacht to win an All-Ireland title, doing so in 1925. The 1933 final brought victory for Cavan, who became the first team from the northern province of Ulster to win an All-Ireland title.

Two teams have won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship as part of a double with that year's All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, namely Cork (1890 and 1990) and Tipperary (1895 and 1900). The championship has never been won by a team from outside Ireland, though London have played in five finals.

Dublin are the reigning champions, having defeated Tyrone in the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.

See also

References

1. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.donegaldaily.com/2012/11/04/from-sam-maguire-to-dr-maguire-st-eunans-and-naomh-conaill-do-battle-in-county-final/|title=From Sam Maguire to Dr Maguire – St Eunan's and Naomh Conaill do battle in County Final|work=Donegal Daily|date=4 November 2012|accessdate=4 November 2012|quote=A huge crowd is expected at MacCumhaill Park at a time when Gaelic games in the county have never had a higher profile. Nothing beats being there, as the GAA slogan goes, but for the neutrals who can't be in Ballybofey, the game is live on TG4 from throw-in at 4pm.}}
2. ^{{cite web |title=The Newest All Ireland Minor Football Final Information |url=https://dailyhottrends.com/tag/all-ireland-minor-football-final/ |website=dailyhottrends}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.gaa.ie/about-the-gaa/gaa-history/rolls-of-honour |title=GAA Roll of Honour |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811031721/http://www.gaa.ie/about-the-gaa/gaa-history/rolls-of-honour/ |archivedate=11 August 2013 }}
4. ^{{cite news|first=Seán|last=Moran|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/gaelic-football/donegal-hoping-to-avoid-being-fifth-all-ireland-champions-in-20-years-to-fall-at-first-hurdle-in-ulster-1.1406722?page=1|title=Donegal hoping to avoid being fifth All-Ireland champions in 20 years to fall at first hurdle in Ulster: Uneasy lies the head that wears the northern crown|newspaper=The Irish Times|publisher=Irish Times Trust|date=26 May 2013|accessdate=26 May 2013}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/gaa/football/2013/0515/392343-gaa-hope-hawkeye-will-stop-contentious-points/|title=GAA hopes Hawk-Eye will eliminate contentious points|work=RTÉ Sport|date=15 May 2013|accessdate=15 May 2013}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.hoganstand.com/ArticleForm.aspx?ID=193535|title=Hawkeye makes successful debut|work=Hogan Stand|date=2 June 2013|accessdate=2 June 2013}}
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/gaa/football/2013/0617/457027-derry-and-sligo-to-clash-in-football-qualifiers/|title=Qualifiers include first ever Friday night game|work=RTÉ Sport|date=17 June 2013|accessdate=17 June 2013|quote=Carlow will play Laois on 28 June in Dr Cullen Park, the first time a Championship game will take place on a Friday night.}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2017/0225/855359-ga-congress-super-8-replays/|title='Super 8' system to replace Senior Football Championship quarter-finals after GAA vote|work=RTÉ Sport|date=25 February 2017}}
9. ^GAA {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926224857/http://www.gaa.ie/plugins/newsfeed.cgi?rm=content&plugin_data_id=15367 |date=26 September 2007 }}