| 词条 | Calvados (department) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Calvados | native_name = | native_name_lang = fr | type = Department | image_skyline = Caen prefecture portail ailejardins.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Prefecture building of the Calvados department, in Caen | image_flag = Flag of Calvados.svg | flag_alt = | image_shield = Arms of the French Department of Calvados.svg | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Calvados-Position.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Calvados in France | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|49|02|N|0|15|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = France | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Normandy | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = Prefecture | seat = Caen | parts_type = Subprefectures | parts_style = para | p1 = Bayeux Lisieux Vire-Normandie | government_footnotes = | leader_party = New Centre | leader_title = President of the General Council | leader_name = Jean-Léonce Dupont | unit_pref = Metric | area_magnitude = | area_footnotes = {{ref|area|1}} | area_total_km2 = 5535 | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 693679 | population_as_of = 2016 | population_rank = 34th | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | blank_name_sec1 = Department number | blank_info_sec1 = 14 | blank_name_sec2 = Arrondissements | blank_info_sec2 = 4 | blank1_name_sec2 = Cantons | blank1_info_sec2 = 25 | blank2_name_sec2 = Communes | blank2_info_sec2 = 527 | timezone1 = CET | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = CEST | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = | footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2 }} Calvados ({{IPA-fr|kal.va.dos}}; {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|k|æ|l|v|ə|d|oʊ|s}}) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.[1] It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the English Channel coast. HistoryCalvados is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from a part of the former province of Normandy. The name "Orne inférieure" was originally proposed for the department, but it was ultimately decided to call the area Calvados after a group of rocks off its coast. One popular legend ascribes its etymology to the Salvador, a ship from the Spanish Armada that sank by the rocks near Arromanches-les-bains in 1588. It is more likely, however, that the name Calvados was derived from calva dorsa, meaning bare backs, in reference to two sparsely vegetated rocks off its shore.[2] After the allied victory at Waterloo the department was occupied by Prussian troops between June 1815 and November 1818. On 6 June 1944, the Allied forces landed on the beaches of the Bay of the Seine in what became known as the Battle of Normandy. GeographyCalvados belongs to the region of Normandy and is surrounded by the departments of Seine-Maritime, Eure, Orne and Manche. To the north is the Baie de la Seine, part of the English Channel. On the east, the Seine River forms the boundary with Seine-Maritime. Calvados includes the Bessin area, the Pays d'Auge and the area known as the "Suisse normande" ("Norman Switzerland"). The most notable places in Calvados include Deauville and the formerly elegant 19th-century casino resorts of the coast. EconomyAgriculture dominates the economy of Calvados. The area is known for producing butter, cheese, cider and Calvados, the apple spirit that takes its name from the area. PoliticsThe President of the General Council is the centrist Jean-Léonce Dupont, the former dominant figure of the right and centre in the department. The Conseil General of Calvados and Devon County Council signed a Twinning Charter in 1971 to develop links with the English county of Devon.[3]
Current National Assembly Representatives
DemographyThe inhabitants of Calvados are called "Calvadosiens" (male) and "Calvadosiennes" (female). In 1999, Calvados had 648,299 inhabitants, making it the 30th most populated French department. Age distribution in Calvados:
CultureThe Bayeux Tapestry is on display in Bayeux and makes the city one of the most-visited tourist destinations in Normandy. Juno Beach Centre at Courseulles-sur-Mer, Calvados, commemorates the D-Day landing of the Canadian liberation forces at Juno Beach during World War II in 1944. The cult of Saint Thérèse de Lisieux brings large numbers of people on pilgrimage to Lisieux, where she lived in a Carmelite convent. Every September, Deauville hosts the Festival of the American Movie and the beach resort of Cabourg hosts the Festival of the Romantic Movie. Annually, the city of Caen celebrates the festival of the electronical cultures called "Nordik Impakt" & The festival of Beauregard, just around Caen. The local dialect of the Norman language is known as Augeron. It is spoken by a minority of the population. TourismCalvados is one of the most visited areas in France because of its seaside resorts which are among the most prestigious in France with their luxurious hotels, casinos, green countryside, manors, castles, the quiet, the chalk cliffs, the typical Norman houses, the history of William the Conqueror, Caen, Bayeux, Lisieux, the famous D-day beaches and numerous museums about the Second World War. The culinary specialties from the verdant countryside of Calvados are abundant: cider, calvados, camembert and Pont-l'Évêque cheeses. One of the advantage of Calvados is to be fairly near large urban centers (Paris, Ile de France). Calvados is therefore often preferred for holidays and for weekends and sometimes considered as the countryside of Paris . Calvados, via the port of Ouistreham, is an entrance to the continent from Britain. There are two airports: Caen-Carpiquet and Deauville-Saint Gatien. The department of Calvados has several popular tourist areas: the Bessin, the Plain of Caen, the Bocage Virois, the Côte de Nacre, the Côte Fleurie and the Pays d'Auge. Several beaches of Calvados are popular for water sports, including Cabourg and Merville-Franceville-Plage. Tourist capacity (2001):
Municipalities with more than 10% of second homesThis ranking takes into account all the municipalities having over 10% of second homes in the departement of Calvados. 80% of owners are from the Paris area, 10% are English and 10% are local. According to the general census of the population of 1 January 2006, 18.9% of housing available in the department were second homes. Table{{Hidden begin|titre=Municipalities with more than 10% of second homes}}
SportAquatic sports are often played on the coasts and beaches, for example, kite surfing and beach volleyball. Stade Malherbe Caen is a professional football team from Caen, who currently play in Ligue 1. See also{{Portal|Normandy}}
Notes1. ^{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Calvados}} 2. ^{{Cite book | last =Lepelley | first =René | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Calvados, qui es-tu, d'où viens-tu ou le nom énigmatique d'un département Français: Critique d'une tradition, hypothèses diverses, proposition d'interprétation | publisher=C. Corlet | year =1990 | location = | pages = | url = | doi = | id = }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/twinning.htm|title=Twinning|publisher=Devon County Council|accessdate=8 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019122319/http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/twinning.htm#|archive-date=19 October 2009|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/ External links{{Commons|Calvados}}
4 : Calvados (department)|1790 establishments in France|Departments of Normandy|Normandy region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。