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词条 Camp Cropper
释义

  1. History

  2. Criticism

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Update|inaccurate=yes|date=February 2012}}Camp Cropper was a holding facility for security detainees operated by the United States Army near Baghdad International Airport in Iraq. The facility was initially operated as a high-value detention site (HVD), but has since been expanded increasing its capacity from 163 to 2,000 detainees.[1] Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was held there prior to his execution.[2]

History

Camp Cropper was established by the Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) of the 115th Military Police Battalion in April 2003. It is named for Staff Sgt. Kenneth Cropper, a member of the Maryland Army National Guard who died in March 2002 while supporting security operations at the Pentagon. The facility was originally established as a High Value Detainee (HVD) holding area. Shortly after being established, its mission was expanded to also be a Corps Holding Area (CHA). Initially, the facility was meant to serve as "central booking" for the US forces operating in Baghdad and central Iraq, though detainees from northern Iraq were brought there as well. The original concept called for a small temporary camp that could hold up to 300 detainees for no more than 72 hours.{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}} After being processed at Camp Cropper detainees were supposed to be shipped to other detention facilities in Baghdad and throughout Iraq. However, in practice, this proved unworkable since most other prisons in Baghdad were badly damaged by looting after the fall of the Baath regime.

Additional units to operate Camp Cropper include:

  • 186 Military Police Company, Iowa National Guard April 2003 and February 2008.
  • C & B Co, 2-103 AR, Pennsylvania Army National Guard, as part of the 89th and later 43rd MP BDEs.
  • 439th Military Police Detachment, Army Reserve from Omaha, Nebraska.
  • 324th Military Police Battalion, Army Reserve from Chambersburg, Pennsylvania[3]
  • 117th Military Police Battalion, Tennessee Army National Guard

In August 2006, a combat support hospital was opened on Camp Cropper that would treat both coalition soldiers and detainees from Camp Cropper. The hospital was initially staffed by members of the 21st Combat Support Hospital from Fort Hood, Texas who transferred to the new facility after the closure of the Abu Ghraib detention facility.[4] The 21st CSH was later replaced by the 31st Combat Support Hospital from Fort Bliss, Texas.

On March 15, 2007 military officials announced plans to once again expand Camp Bucca and Camp Cropper. Officials stated that this increase in capacity would be necessary to handle the detainees generated from the increased security operations in Baghdad.[5]

In the summer of 2010 the Camp Cropper facility was turned over to the Iraqi government and renamed Karkh Prison.[6]

A portion of Camp Cropper was still in use by the US Army until December 2011 through the 40th MP Battalion 15th MP Brigade, the 105th MP Battalion, 3rd Brigade 4th Infantry Division MP platoon, and 108th MP Company 16th MP Brigade.

Criticism

On 2004-06-16, The Pentagon confirmed a report in The New York Times that former CIA chief George Tenet had been allowed by former U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld to have an Iraqi prisoner secretly detained at Camp Cropper since November, but denied they were trying to hide the prisoner from the International Committee of the Red Cross.[7] Rumsfeld later told reporters that the prisoner was treated humanely.[8] In 2003, the Red Cross was given regular and open access to the facility and the detainees, the Red Cross documented severe living conditions, harsh treatment by guards, and poor medical care.

In October 2006, the International Committee of the Red Cross reported the wounding of one American soldier to date by detainees. The attack was reported to have been under suspicious circumstances.

Since the closure of Abu Ghraib and the subsequent relocation to Camp Cropper, the now-larger prison has seen criticism for abuses of detainees[9][10] and a hotbed of insurgent recruitment.[11] Between October and December 2006, the MNF-I reported the deaths of three detainees at Camp Cropper. One from injuries inflicted by other detainees on October 29,[12] two on November 30 and December 2 from natural causes.[13][14] Other detainees died on 2007-04-04,[15] 2007-05-26[16] and 2007-07-07.[17]

In late April 2007, the former commander of Camp Cropper, Lieutenant Colonel William H. Steele was reported to be held in a military prison in Kuwait to await an Article 32 hearing. He was charged with various breaches of military law, including supplying an unmonitored cellphone to a detainee and inappropriate relationship with a detainee's daughter.[18] On October 19, 2007, a military judge found Steele not guilty on the charge of aiding the enemy, but guilty of "unauthorized possession of classified documents, behavior unbecoming an officer for an inappropriate relationship with an interpreter and failing to obey a lawful order". Steele faced a possible maximum 6-year sentence for the charges he previously pleaded guilty to, as well as an additional 10 years for the charges for which he was convicted.[19] Instead, he was sentenced to 2 years confinement, minus time already served, loss of his military retirement, forfeiture of pay and allowances and a dismissal from the military.[20]

See also

{{Portal|Iraq|United States Army|Criminal justice}}
  • Tariq Aziz
  • Human rights situation in post-Saddam Iraq
  • William H. Steele
  • Donald Vance
  • Nathan Ertel
  • Josef A. Trimpert
  • Caring for Victor
  • Victory Base Complex
{{Clear}}

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/saddam-iap.htm |title=Camp Cropper / High Value Detention (HVD) Site |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |accessdate=2006-12-23}}
2. ^{{cite news |author = Alex Massie |title=Nurse: Dictator spent captivity feeding birds |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/01/02/wiraq102.xml |work=Telegraph |date=2007-03-01 |accessdate=2007-04-09 |authorlink= Alex Massie (Journalist) }}
3. ^{{cite web|title=324th Military Police Battalion Lineage and Honors|url= http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/mp/0324mpbn.htm |publisher=U.S. Army Center for Military History}}
4. ^{{cite press release |title=New hospital to treat detainees, Soldiers, currently the hospital is operated by the 31st CSH from Fort Bliss, TX|publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2006-08-03 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1559&Itemid=109 |format= |language= |accessdate=2006-12-23 |quote= }}
5. ^{{cite news |first=Walter |last=Pincus |title=U.S. plans to expand detention centers |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/nationworld/sfl-airaqdetain15mar15,0,7242722.story?track=rss |work=Washington Post |publisher=Sun-Sentinel |date=2007-03-15 |accessdate=2007-03-15 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
6. ^{{cite press release|title=Detainee Ops Chief Gives Karkh Prison Good Reviews|url=http://www.army.mil/article/56162/Detainee_ops_chief_gives_Karkh_prison_good_reviews/|publisher=U.S. Army Public Affairs}}
7. ^{{cite news |first=Jamie |last=McIntyre |title=Pentagon: Iraqi held secretly at CIA request |url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/06/16/ghost.prisoner/index.html |work=CNN |date=2004-06-16 |accessdate=2007-04-09 }}
8. ^{{cite news |first=Tom |last=Bowman |title=Rumsfeld admits telling military to hide detainee |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nationworld/iraq/bal-te.rumsfeld18jun18,0,4914397.story?coll=bal-iraq-utility |work=Baltimore Sun |date=2004-06-18 |accessdate=2007-04-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930043947/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nationworld/iraq/bal-te.rumsfeld18jun18%2C0%2C4914397.story?coll=bal-iraq-utility |archivedate=2007-09-30 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
9. ^{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Jehl |title=Earlier Jail Seen as Incubator for Abuses in Iraq |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/15/politics/15ABUS.html?ex=1399953600&en=d35ca7592586ee26&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND |work=The New York Times |date=2004-05-15 }}
10. ^{{cite news |first= Michael |last=Moss |title=American Recalls Torment As a U.S. Detainee in Iraq |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/18/world/middleeast/18justice.html?_r=1&ref=todayspaper&pagewanted=print&oref=slogin |work=The New York Times |publisher= |date=2006-12-18 |accessdate=2006-12-18 }}
11. ^{{cite news |first=Ned |last=Parker |title=Iraqi insurgents recruit among U.S.-held detainees |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/front/la-fg-prisons8apr08,1,4397044.story?coll=la-headlines-frontpage |work=Los Angeles Times |date=2007-04-08 |accessdate=2007-04-09 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
12. ^{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2006-10-30 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6930&Itemid=21 |format= |language= |accessdate=2006-12-23 |quote= }}
13. ^{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2006-12-01 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7656&Itemid=21 |format= |language= |accessdate=2006-12-23 |quote= }}
14. ^{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2006-12-06 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7819&Itemid=21 |format= |language= |accessdate=2006-12-23 |quote= }}
15. ^{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2007-04-06 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11170&Itemid=21 |format= |language= |accessdate=2007-04-09 |quote= }}
16. ^{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2007-05-28 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12059&Itemid=128 |format= |language= |accessdate=2007-05-29 |quote= }}
17. ^{{cite press release |title=Detainee dies at Camp Cropper |publisher=Multi-National Force - Iraq |date=2007-07-10 |url=http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12772&Itemid=128 |format= |language= |accessdate=2007-07-11 |quote= }}
18. ^{{cite news |first= |last=AP |title=Colonel Charged with Aiding Enemy |url=http://www.nysun.com/article/53294 |work=New York Sun |date=2007-04-26 |accessdate=2007-04-26 }}
19. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/10/19/africa/ME-GEN-Iraq-Soldier-Trial.php?WT.mc_id=rssfrontpage | author=Katarina Kratovac | title=U.S. officer avoids life sentence on charges of aiding the enemy | date=2007-10-19 | publisher=International Herald Tribune| accessdate=2007-10-19}}{{dead link|date=April 2015}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=3751752 |author=Katarina Kratovac |title=Ex-US Commander in Iraq Gets 2-Year Term |date=2007-10-19 |publisher=ABC News |accessdate=2007-10-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115163324/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=3751752 |archivedate=November 15, 2007 }}

External links

  • U.S. hands over last prison to Iraqi control Los Angeles Times
  • Camp Cropper from Globalsecurity.org
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4 : Human rights abuses|Prisons in Iraq|Closed military facilities of the United States in Iraq|Prisoner-of-war camps
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