| 词条 | Cangzhou | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Cangzhou}} |settlement_type = Prefecture-level city |official_name = |native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|沧州市}}}}}} |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = 沧州体育馆.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Location_of_Cangzhou_Prefecture_within_Hebei_(China).png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Cangzhou City jurisdiction in Hebei |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = Hebei |pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Hebei |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Hebei |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |seat_type = |seat = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 14383.46 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 =206.2 |area_metro_km2 =1750.7 |population_as_of =2010 census |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 7134062 |population_density_km2 =auto |population_metro =1205814 |population_density_metro_km2 =auto |population_urban =536795 |population_density_urban_km2 =auto |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |coordinates = {{coord|38|19|N|116|52|E|region:CN-13|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 13 |elevation_ft = 42 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 016001 |area_code = 0317 |iso_code = CN-HE-09 |website = cangzhou.gov.cn |footnotes = |blank_name = Licence plate prefixes |blank_info = {{lang|zh-cn|冀}}J }} Cangzhou ({{zh|s=沧州 |t=滄州 |p=Cāngzhōu}}) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Hebei province, People's Republic of China. At the 2010 census, Cangzhou's built-up (or metro) area made of Yunhe, Xinhua districts and Cang County largely being conurbated had a population of 1,205,814 inhabitants, while the prefecture-level administrative unit in total has a population of 7,134,062. It lies approximately {{convert|90|km}} from the major port city of Tianjin, and {{convert|180|km|abbr=on}} from Beijing. History{{expand section|date=July 2012}}Cangzhou is reported to have been founded in the Southern and Northern Dynasties period (420−589 CE). Administrative divisionsCangzhou City comprises 2 districts, 4 county-level cities, 9 counties and 1 autonomous county.
EconomicsCangzhou's urban center is a heavily industrial city but the city's administrative territory also includes strongly agricultural areas, and is well known in China for its Chinese jujubes (Chinese dates) and pear (widely known under the export name of Tianjin Ya Pear). The North China Oil Field is within Cangzhou City's jurisdiction. Cangzhou also encompasses a large fishing port and the coal-exporting Huanghua Harbour. Geography and transportation
Cangzhou is located in eastern Hebei, immediately to the south of Tianjin, near the coast of the Bohai Sea of the Pacific Ocean. Bordering prefecture-level cities are Hengshui to the southwest, Baoding to the west, and Langfang to the north. It lies on the Beijing–Shanghai Railway. The G1811 Huanghua–Shijiazhuang Expressway connects Cangzhou to Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital, and is linked to Beijing via both the G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway and G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway, which are concurrent within the province, and to Shanghai via G2. Cangzhou's Huanghua Harbour is the end of a main Chinese coal shipping railway, the Shuohuang Railway. Other major highways serving Cangzhou's urban area are China National Highway 104 and 307. Major airports located closest to Cangzhou include Beijing Capital Airport and Tianjin Airport. The Grand Canal passes directly through Cangzhou, and a district of Cangzhou (Yunhe District) is named after it. ClimateCangzhou has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with cold, dry winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|-3.0|°C|1}} to {{convert|26.5|°C|1}}, while the annual mean is {{convert|12.90|°C|1}}. Close to 60% of the annual rainfall of {{convert|605|mm|abbr=on}} occurs in July and August alone. With possible monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49% in July to 65% in October, the city receives 2,663 hours of bright sunshine annually. {{Weather box|location = Cangzhou (1971−2000)|metric first = Y |single line = Y |collapsed = |Jan high C = 2.5 |Feb high C = 5.4 |Mar high C = 12.3 |Apr high C = 21.0 |May high C = 26.9 |Jun high C = 31.1 |Jul high C = 31.4 |Aug high C = 30.3 |Sep high C = 26.6 |Oct high C = 20.3 |Nov high C = 11.4 |Dec high C = 4.2 |Jan low C = −7.1 |Feb low C = −4.7 |Mar low C = 1.1 |Apr low C = 8.7 |May low C = 14.5 |Jun low C = 19.7 |Jul low C = 22.4 |Aug low C = 21.6 |Sep low C = 16.1 |Oct low C = 9.4 |Nov low C = 1.4 |Dec low C = −4.8 |year high C= 18.6 |year low C= 8.2 |year high F= 65.5 |year low F=46.7 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 3.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 4.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 8.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 19.7 |May precipitation mm = 36.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 85.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 219.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 139.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 48.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 22.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 12.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 4.5 |year precipitation mm= 605.0 |Jan humidity = 57 |Feb humidity = 54 |Mar humidity = 52 |Apr humidity = 50 |May humidity = 54 |Jun humidity = 61 |Jul humidity = 77 |Aug humidity = 77 |Sep humidity = 68 |Oct humidity = 64 |Nov humidity = 62 |Dec humidity = 60 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1.6 |Feb precipitation days = 2.5 |Mar precipitation days = 3.1 |Apr precipitation days = 4.4 |May precipitation days = 5.7 |Jun precipitation days = 8.6 |Jul precipitation days = 12.6 |Aug precipitation days = 9.5 |Sep precipitation days = 5.8 |Oct precipitation days = 4.8 |Nov precipitation days = 3.2 |Dec precipitation days = 2.1 |Jan sun = 188.8 |Jan percentsun = 63 |Feb sun = 184.5 |Feb percentsun = 61 |Mar sun = 229.2 |Mar percentsun = 62 |Apr sun = 250.7 |Apr percentsun = 64 |May sun = 274.6 |May percentsun = 63 |Jun sun = 261.5 |Jun percentsun = 59 |Jul sun = 219.8 |Jul percentsun = 49 |Aug sun = 229.3 |Aug percentsun = 54 |Sep sun = 235.2 |Sep percentsun = 63 |Oct sun = 226.6 |Oct percentsun = 65 |Nov sun = 186.7 |Nov percentsun = 62 |Dec sun = 175.8 |Dec percentsun = 60 |year percentsun= 60 |source 1 = China Meteorological Administration [2] |date=August 2010 }} CultureThe city has historically been known in China for its wushu (Chinese martial arts) and acrobatics (specifically, the Wu Qiao school). Cangzhou is also famed for its historic thousand-year-old 40-ton sculpture, the Iron Lion of Cangzhou. The sculpture is reportedly the largest cast-iron sculpture in the world, cast in 953 in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The famed lion has even given its name to a locally brewed beer and is a symbol of the city.[3] Cangzhou is home to a traditional Chinese form of musical performing arts, Kuaiban Dagu. The city hosts seven mosques for Muslim adherents (mostly Hui). One of them, the West Mosque, has collected at its museum one of China's best collections of Islamic manuscripts and artefacts.[4] Demographics and societyCangzhou, though predominated by the Han Chinese majority, is home to a sizable population of the Muslim Hui minority. Intermarriage occasionally occurs between the majority Han and the Hui, but stereotypes of Hui still exist among Cangzhou's Han residents, and some tensions remain. Migration to Hebei province and Cangzhou by Xinjiang Muslim minorities (generally ethnic Uighurs) is increasing. LanguageThe dominant first language of Cangzhou's population is a variety of the northeastern Mandarin dialect continuum termed Cangzhou,[5] and is a variety of Ji Lu Mandarin. There are some similarities with the Tianjin variety and the Baoding variety of Mandarin, but both are considered distinct groups from that of Cangzhou . Dialects of the Cangzhou area vary between localities and counties, though are generally intelligible among each other. Municipal governmentThe city, like all other Chinese administrative divisions, has a party committee, the People's government, the People's Congress, and the Political consultative conference. MilitaryCangzhou is home to the Cangzhou Airbase of the People's Liberation Army Air Force Education{{expand section|date=August 2015}}There is one international school in Cangzhou, the Cangzhou Zhenhua Korean International School (沧州振华韩国国际学校).[6] Notable residents
References1. ^ *DuBois, Thomas. The Sacred Village: Social Change and Religious Life in Rural North China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005.2. ^{{cite web |url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language=Chinese |accessdate=2010-06-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archivedate=21 September 2013 |df=dmy }} 3. ^Wagner, Donald B. "The cast iron lion of Cangzhou", Needham Research Institute newsletter, no. 10, June 1991, pp. 2-3. 4. ^WEST MOSQUE MUSEUM, CANGZHOU, HEBEI PROVINCE CHINA HERITAGE NEWSLETTER, No. 5, March 2006. (China Heritage Project, The Australian National University. ISSN 1833-8461). 5. ^ 6. ^"Schools Approved by the Ministry of Education For Enrolling Children of Foreign Nationals" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6aqfq70G4?url=http://ncct.moe.edu.cn/2014/EnglishTAB_1209/3393.html Archive]). Ministry of Education of China. Retrieved on August 17, 2015. External links
2 : Cities in Hebei|Prefecture-level divisions of Hebei |
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