“Declaration of Neutrality”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Declaration of Neutrality was a declaration by the Austrian Parliament declaring the country permanently neutral. It was enacted on 26 October 1955 as a constitutional act of parliament, i.e., as part of the Constitution of Austria.^[1] Pursuant to resolution of the Federal Assembly of Parliament following the State Treaty, Austria declared "its permanent neutrality of its own accord."^[2] The second section of this law stated that "in all future times Austria will not join any military alliances and will not permit the establishment of any foreign military bases on her territory."

Formally, the declaration was promulgated voluntarily by the Republic of Austria. Politically, it was the direct consequence of the allied occupation by the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France between 1945 and 1955, from which the country was freed by the Austrian State Treaty of 15 May the same year. The Soviet Union would not have agreed to the State Treaty if Austria had not committed herself to declare her neutrality after the allied forces had left the country.^[3]

Since 1955,^[4] neutrality has become a deeply ingrained element of Austrian identity. Legally, Austrian neutrality is both part of the Austrian constitution and of international law. There is an ongoing debate among legal scholars whether Austria could change this neutral status on its own account.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} This is a moot point, however, since there is no political or popular support for doing so.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}

Collaboration

Austria engages in UN-led peacekeeping and other humanitarian missions. It participates in:

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?ResultFunctionToken=72064e8e-e147-473e-8ea0-66a9162294f8&Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Kundmachungsorgan=BGBl.+Nr.&Index=&Titel=&Gesetzesnummer=&VonArtikel=&BisArtikel=&VonParagraf=0&BisParagraf=&VonAnlage=&BisAnlage=&Typ=&Kundmachungsnummer=211/1955&Unterzeichnungsdatum=&FassungVom=02.02.2222&VonInkrafttretedatum=&BisInkrafttretedatum=&VonAusserkrafttretedatum=&BisAusserkrafttretedatum=&NormabschnittnummerKombination=Und&ImRisSeitVonDatum=&ImRisSeitBisDatum=&ImRisSeit=Undefined&ResultPageSize=100&Suchworte=&Dokumentnummer=NOR11000268|title=RIS - Neutralitätsgesetz § 0 - Bundesrecht konsolidiert|website=www.ris.bka.gv.at|access-date=2018-12-15}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.parlament.gv.at/ENGL/PERK/HIS/REP2/1955/index.shtml|title=1955 – State Treaty and Neutrality|website=www.parlament.gv.at|access-date=2018-05-19}}
3. ^K. Ginther, Neutralität und Neutralitätspolitik Die österreichische Neutralität zwischen Schweizer Muster und sowjetischer Koexistenzdoktrin, Vienna, 1975.
4. ^Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, 1955, de:Datei:Bundesgesetzblatt (Austria) 1955 1151.jpg{{Better source|date=November 2015|reason=CIRCULAR}}