| 词条 | 327 Columbia |
| 释义 |
| minorplanet = yes | name = 327 Columbia | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | caption = | discovery_ref = | discovered = 22 March 1892 | discoverer = A. Charlois | discovery_site = Nice Obs. | mpc_name = (327) Columbia | alt_names = 1934 JN | pronounced = | named_after = Christopher Columbus {{small|(Italian explorer)}}[2] | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(middle)}} [3] | orbit_ref = | epoch = 16 February 2017 (JD 2457800.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 124.62 yr (45,519 days) | aphelion = 2.9496 AU | perihelion = 2.6066 AU | semimajor = 2.7781 AU | eccentricity = 0.0617 | period = 4.63 yr (1,691 days) | mean_anomaly = 255.97° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2129|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 7.1462° | asc_node = 354.82° | arg_peri = 306.18° | dimensions = {{val|26.13|2.8}} km[5] {{val|26.17|0.66}} km[6] 26.24 km {{small|(derived)}}[3] {{val|30.291|4.049}} km[8] | rotation = {{val|5.93|0.05}} h[9] {{val|5.93183|0.00005}} h[10] {{val|5.9320|0.0006}} h[9] | albedo = {{val|0.214|0.339}}[8] {{val|0.2360|0.061}}[5] {{val|0.250|0.015}}[6] 0.2565 {{small|(derived)}}[3] | spectral_type = SMASS = Sl {{·}}S [3] | abs_magnitude = 9.88[8]{{·}}10.0[3]{{·}}10.10[6]{{·}}{{val|10.19|0.01}}[22] }}Columbia (minor planet designation: 327 Columbia) is a stony asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 26 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 March 1892, by French astronomer Auguste Charlois at Nice Observatory in southeast France.[23] It is named after Christopher Columbus (1451–1506).[2] DescriptionColumbia orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.6–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,691 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins the night after its official discovery at Nice.[23]Physical characteristicsIn the SMASS taxonomy, Columbia has been characterized as a Sl-type, an intermediary between the common S-type and rather rare L-type asteroids. Rotation period and spin axisIn May 2003, a rotational lightcurve of Columbia was obtained by French amateur astronomer René Roy. It gave a rotation period of 5.93 hours with a brightness variation of 0.16 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).[9] In February 2007, photometric observations by his college Pierre Antonini gave a well defined period of 5.9320 hours and an amplitude of 0.42 ({{small|U=3}}).[9] In 2016, a modeled lightcurve was derived from various photometric database sources, giving a concurring period of 5.93183 hours and a spin axis of (52.0°, 43.0°) in ecliptic coordinates.[10] Diameter and albedoAccording to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Columbia measures between 26.13 and 30.29 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.214 and 0.250.[5][6][8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2565 and a diameter of 26.24 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 10.0.[3] NamingThis minor planet was named in honor of Italian explorer Christopher Columbus (1451–1506), who reached the New World during his first voyage in 1492, instead of arriving at Japan as he had intended. The asteroid was named in 1892, on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of this historic discovery. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 37}}).[2] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (327) Columbia |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 43 |date = 2007 |url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170224215922/https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_328 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |accessdate = 6 February 2017}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]2. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = 327 Columbia |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=327 |accessdate = 6 February 2017}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (327) Columbia |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page1cou.html#000327 |accessdate = 6 February 2017}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (327) Columbia |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=327%7CColumbia |accessdate = 6 February 2017}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |first1 = E. 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6 : Background asteroids|Discoveries by Auguste Charlois|Minor planets named for people|Named minor planets|Sl-type asteroids (SMASS)|Astronomical objects discovered in 1892 |
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