词条 | Diapensiaceae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
|image = Diapensia lapponica01.jpg |image_caption = Diapensia lapponica |taxon = Diapensiaceae |authority = Lindl.[1] }}Diapensiaceae (Link) Lindley is a small family of flowering plants, classified as a crown group, which includes 15 species in 6 genera.[2] The genera include Berneuxia Decne. (1 species),[3]Diapensia L. (5 species),[4] Galax Sims (1 species),[3] Pyxidanthera Michx. (2 species),[5] Shortia Torr. & A.Gray (4 species),[6] and Schizocodon Siebold & Zucc. (2 species).[6] Members of this family have little economic importance, however, some members are cultivated by florists.[7] TaxonomyPast literature classified Diapensiaceae as an old family, without defining the meaning of old.[8] The name Diapensia was given to Diapensia lapponica by Linnaeus, previously, it was the Greek name of Sanicle.[9][10] The family, originally including only Diapensia lapponica, was named by Heinrich Friedrich Link in 1829.[11] Concerning the interrelationships in Diapensiaceae, debate still remains regarding the recognition of Schizocodon, separate from Shortia. However, recent molecular studies support the split of the two genera.[6] Additionally, recognition of species within the genera has been debated. Within the genera Pyxidanthera, two species have previously been recognized. Recent morphology and molecular work found that the two species do not differ morphologically and gene flow exists between them.[5] Overtime, various relationships among Diapensiaceae and other angiosperm families have been proposed. Previously, it was placed within the order Rosales,[12] as well as in the Cornales.[13] Diapensiaceae was also placed in an order of its own in the Cronquist system and by Takhtajan.[14] Recent studies have placed Diapensiaceae as part of the Ericales clade, belonging to the “styracoids” (Diapensiaceae, Styracaceae, Symplocaceae).[15] It is estimated that Diapensiaceae diverged from Sytracaceae about 93 million years ago.[16] The family is thought to have originated in the Northern Hemisphere.[17] DistributionDiapensiaceae family members are mostly found in North America and Eastern Asia.[7]
CharacteristicsDiapensiaceae family members are mostly herbs or [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shrublet shrublets]. Flowers have radial symmetry, are hypogynous, and have most parts arranged in 5. The ovary is made of three fused carpels. They have both ectotrophic and endotrophic mycorrhiza associations.[3]
Table reference - [5] References1. ^{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }} {{Commons}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q131417}}{{Ericales-stub}}2. ^{{cite web |last1=Stevens |first1=P. F. |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 |url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ |accessdate=29 January 2019}} 3. ^1 2 Rönblom, K.; A. A. Anderberg (2002). "Phylogeny of Diapensiaceae based on molecular data and morphology". Systematic Botany. 27 (2): 383–395. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-27.2.383 (inactive 2019-01-22). 4. ^{{cite journal |last1=Hou |first1=Yan |last2=Nowak |first2=Michael D. |last3=Mirré |first3=Virginia |last4=Bjorå |first4=Charlotte S. |last5=Brochmann |first5=Christian |last6=Popp |first6=Magnus |title=Thousands of RAD-seq Loci Fully Resolve the Phylogeny of the Highly Disjunct Arctic-Alpine Genus Diapensia (Diapensiaceae) |journal=PLOS ONE |date=2015 |volume=10 |issue=10 |page=e0140175 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0140175 |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0140175}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last1=Wells |first1=B. W. |title=A new pyxie from North Carolina |journal=Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society |date=1929 |volume=44 |issue=2 |page=238-239}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last1=Higashi |first1=Hiroyuki |last2=Ikeda |first2=Hajime |last3=Setoguchi |first3=Hiroaki |title=Molecular phylogeny of Shortia sensu lato (Diapensiaceae) based on multiple nuclear sequences |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |date=2015 |volume=301 |issue=2 |page=523-529 |doi=10.1007/s00606-014-1088-7 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00606-014-1088-7#Sec5}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=P. J. |title=Diapensiaceae |journal=Flowering Plants Dicotyledons Part of The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants book series (Families genera, volume 6) |date=2004 |page=117 - 121}} 8. ^{{cite journal |last1=Baldwin Jr. |first1=J. T. |title=Chromosomes of the Diapensiaceae: a cytological approach to a phylogenetic problem |journal=ournal of Heredity |date=1939 |volume=30 |issue=4 |page=169-171}} 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=A. W. |title=A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=0486297152}} 10. ^{{cite book |last1=Sweet |first1=Robert |title=The British Flower Garden, (series the Second) |publisher=Forgotten Books |isbn=0428437605 |edition=3}} 11. ^{{cite book |last1=Link |first1=Heinrich Friedrich |last2=Willdenow |first2=Karl Ludwig |title=Handbuch zur Erkennung der nutzbarsten und am häufigsten vorkommenden Gewächse |date=1829–1833 |publisher=Spenerschen Buchhandlung |location=Berlin |url=https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.129754}} 12. ^{{cite journal |last1=Thorne |first1=R. F. |title=Proposed new realignments in the angiosperms |journal=Nordic Journal of Botany |date=1983 |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=85-117 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1983.tb01447.x}} 13. ^{{cite journal |last1=Dahlgren |first1=R. |title=General aspects of angiosperm evolution and macrosystematics |journal=Nordic Journal of Botany |date=1983 |volume=3 |page=119-149}} 14. ^{{cite book |last1=Takhtajan |first1=A. L. |title=Diversity and classification of flowering plants |date=1997 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York}} 15. ^{{cite journal |last1=Schönenberger |first1=J |last2=Anderberg |first2=A. A. |last3=Sytsma |first3=K. J. |title=Molecular phylogenetics and patterns of floral evolution in the Ericales. |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |date=2005 |volume=166 |issue=2 |page=265-288}} 16. ^{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=J. P. |last2=Kleist |first2=T. J. |last3=Löfstrand |first3=S. D. |last4=Drew |first4=B. T. |last5=Schönenberger |first5=J. |last6=Sytsma |first6=K. J. |title=Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and diversification of angiosperm order Ericales suggest ancient Neotropical and East Asian connections |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=2018 |volume=122 |page=59-79}} 17. ^{{cite journal |last1=Hou |first1=Y. |last2=Bjorå |first2=C. S. |last3=Ikeda |first3=H. |last4=Brochmann |first4=C. |last5=Popp |first5=M. |title=rom the north into the Himalayan–Hengduan Mountains: fossil‐calibrated phylogenetic and biogeographical inference in the arctic‐alpine genus Diapensia (Diapensiaceae) |journal=Journal of Biogeography |date=2016 |volume=43 |issue=8 |page=1502-1513}} 18. ^{{cite journal |last1=Palser |first1=Barbara F. |title=Studies of Floral Morphology in the Ericales VI. The Diapensiaceae |journal=Botanical Gazette |date=1963 |volume=124 |issue=3 |page=200-219}} 3 : Diapensiaceae|Ericales|Ericales families |
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