| 词条 | Drayton Hall | |||||
| 释义 |
| nrhp_type = nhl | nrhp_type2 = cp | nocat = yes | image = Drayton Hall 2007.jpg | caption = Drayton Hall (front) | nearest_city= Charleston, South Carolina and North Charleston, South Carolina | coordinates = {{coord|32|52|15.24|N|80|4|34.68|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = | area = | built =1747–1752 | architect=unknown | architecture= Palladian | designated_nrhp_type= October 9, 1960[1] | added = October 15, 1966[2] | governing_body = Private | refnum=66000701 }} Drayton Hall is an 18th-century plantation located on the Ashley River about 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Charleston, South Carolina, and directly across the Ashley River from North Charleston, west of the Ashley in the Lowcountry, sometimes called (Low Country.) An outstanding example of Palladian architecture in North America and the only plantation house on the Ashley River to survive intact through both the Revolutionary and Civil wars, it is a National Historic Landmark. The mansion was built for the father of John Drayton, John Drayton Sr. (c. 1715–1779) after he bought the property in the late 1730s.[3] As the third son in his family, he knew he was unlikely to inherit his own nearby birthplace, now called Magnolia Plantation and Gardens. For many decades, the house was thought to have been begun in 1738 and completed in 1742. In 2014, an examination of wood cores showed that the attic timbers were cut from trees felled in the winter of 1747–48. Because the attic framing would have to have been in place well before the completion of the interior finishes, the house is now thought to have been occupied only in the early 1750s.[4] The seven-bay double-pile plantation house is within a {{convert|630|acre|km2|sing=on}} site that is part of the plantation based on indigo and rice and the former site of 13 slave cabins believed to have housed approx. 78 slaves. Seven generations of Drayton heirs preserved the house in all but original condition, though the flanking outbuildings have not survived: an earthquake destroyed the laundry house in 1886 and a hurricane destroyed the kitchen in 1893.[5] John Drayton bought considerable property nearby from his nephew William Drayton, Sr., after the latter was appointed as chief justice of the Province of East Florida in the early 1770s and was leaving South Carolina. John Drayton consolidated the various Drayton properties, and his descendants have controlled them since. DescriptionThe house has a double projecting (and recessed) portico on the west facade, which faces away from the river and toward the land side approach from Ashley River Road. The double projecting portico resembles a similar feature at Villa Cornaro, a country estate near Venice, Italy, designed by Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio in 1551. The floor plan of Drayton Hall is Palladian as well, perhaps derived from Plate 38 of James Gibbs' A Book of Architecture,[6] the influential patternbook published in London in 1728.[7] A large central entrance stair hall with a symmetrical divided staircase is backed by a large saloon, flanked by square and rectangular chambers.[8] Pedimented chimneypieces in the house are in the tectonic manner popularized by William Kent. There is fine plasterwork in several of the rooms of the main floor, which is set above a raised basement. Located on SC 61 and included in the Ashley River Historic District, it was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.[1][9] The South Carolina Department of Archives and History claims that Drayton Hall is "without question one of the finest of all surviving plantation houses in America".[10] Drayton Hall is managed by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, which opened the house to the public in 1977. It presents a full interpretation of the historic plantation economy as exemplified by the Draytons, both white and black. African slaves and free blacks created the Gullah culture of the Lowcountry. The first guide to the house, Drayton Hall, was published in 2005. Image GallerySee also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=526&ResourceType=Building|title=Drayton Hall|accessdate=2008-03-21|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023075938/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=526&ResourceType=Building|archivedate=2007-10-23|df=}} 2. ^{{NRISref|2007a}} 3. ^"Seven Generations of the Drayton Family: From the Colonial Period to Modern Day" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303031100/http://www.draytonhall.org/research/people/drayton_1.html |date=March 3, 2011 }}, Drayton Hall website 4. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20140510/PC1207/140519945 | title=How old is your house? The wood would know... | work=Post & Courier | date=May 10, 2014 | accessdate=May 10, 2014 | author=Behre, Robert | location=Charleston, South Carolina}} 5. ^"Drayton Hall", South Carolina Plantations, SCIway 6. ^James Gibbs, A Book of Architecture, containing designs of buildings and ornaments (London, 1728; repr. New York, 2008), {{ISBN|0-486-46601-9}}. 7. ^Carl I. Gable, "Searching for Sources: What are Drayton Hall's Palladian Roots?" Palladiana: Journal of the Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc., vol. 4, no. 1 (Fall 2009), p. 5. 8. ^Drayton Hall 9. ^{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: |url={{NHLS url|id=66000701}} |format=pdf|date=August 1976 |author=James Dillon |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=66000701|title=Accompanying five photos, exterior, from 1975|photos=y}} {{small|(32 KB)}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalregister.sc.gov/charleston/S10817710005/index.htm|title=Drayton Hall, Charleston County (S.C. Hwy. 61, Charleston vicinity) |accessdate=2008-03-21|work=National Register Properties in South Carolina listing|publisher=South Carolina Department of Archives and History}} External links{{Commons category|Drayton Hall}}
17 : Slave cabins and quarters|Houses completed in 1752|1752 establishments in South Carolina|South Carolina in the American Civil War|National Historic Landmarks in South Carolina|Drayton family|Historic house museums in South Carolina|Plantation houses in South Carolina|Palladian Revival architecture in the United States|Neoclassical architecture in South Carolina|National Register of Historic Places in Charleston, South Carolina|Museums in Charleston, South Carolina|Historic American Buildings Survey in South Carolina|National Trust for Historic Preservation|Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in South Carolina|Historic district contributing properties in South Carolina|Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina |
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