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释义 |
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a standards organization which develops protocols for mobile telephony. Its best known work is the development and maintenance of:[1]
3GPP is consortium with seven regional telecommunication associations as primary members ("organizational partners") and a variety of other organizations as associate members ("market representation partners"). The 3GPP organizes its work into three different streams: Radio Access Networks, Services and Systems Aspects, and Core Network and Terminals.[2] The project was established in December 1998 with the goal of developing a specification for a 3G mobile phone system based on the 2G GSM system, within the scope of the International Telecommunication Union's International Mobile Telecommunications-2000.[3] It should not be confused with 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), which developed a competing 3G system, CDMA2000.[3] The 3GPP headquarters (known as the "Mobile Competence Centre") is located at the European Telecommunications Standards Institute headquarters in the Sophia Antipolis technology park in France.[4] History{{Refimprove section|date=January 2014}}The 3rd Generation Partnership Project initiative eventually arose from a strategic initiative between Nortel Networks and AT&T Wireless. In 1998 AT&T Wireless was operating an IS-136 (TDMA) wireless network in the United States. In 1997 Nortel Networks' Wireless R&D center in Richardson, Texas, the wireless division of Bell Northern Research had developed a vision for "an all Internet Protocol (IP)" wireless network that went under the internal name "Cell Web". As the concept progressed, Nortel launched the industry vision as "Wireless Internet". AT&T Wireless, poised to evolve its network in the United States, took a strong interest in Wireless Internet and its promise of Internet Protocol (with Nortel Networks as the potential supplier). Within 12 months or so, AT&T launched a global initiative that they named "3GIP", a third generation wireless standard that was "natively" Internet Protocol based.[5] Initially, principal participants included British Telecom, France Telecom, Telecom Italia, and Nortel Networks, but were eventually joined by NTT DoCoMo, BellSouth, Telenor, Lucent, Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, and others.[6] A 3GIP standards forum was instituted and standards began to be developed. The forum progressed into the 2000 time frame, up until AT&T Wireless and British Telecom formed a strategic "partnership project" to facilitate "global roaming" between U.S. and European markets. With this business arrangement, GSM, the prevailing European standard was adopted as the basis of AT&T Wireless' network evolution for North America. Very specifically, this included the deployment of GSM data capabilities, i.e. GPRS, EDGE, and its evolution to UMTS. Organizational PartnersThe seven 3GPP Organizational Partners are from Asia, Europe and North America. Their aim is to determine the general policy and strategy of 3GPP and perform the following tasks:
Together with the Market Representation Partners (MRPs) perform the following tasks:
The Organizational Partners are:
Market Representation PartnersThe 3GPP Organizational Partners can invite a Market Representation Partner to take part in 3GPP, which:
As of June 2017, the Market Representation Partners are:
== Standards == 3GPP standards are structured as Releases. Discussion of 3GPP thus frequently refers to the functionality in one release or another.
Each release incorporates hundreds of individual standards documents, each of which may have been through many revisions. Current 3GPP standards incorporate the latest revision of the GSM standards. The documents are made available without charge on 3GPP's web site. The standards cover not only the radio part ("Air Interface") and Core Network, but also billing information and speech coding down to source code level. Cryptographic aspects (such as authentication, confidentiality) are also specified. 3GPP2 offers similar information about its system. Specification groupsThe 3GPP specification work is done in Technical Specification Groups (TSGs) and Working Groups (WGs).[18] There are three Technical Specifications Groups, each of which consists of multiple WGs:
The closure of GERAN was announced in January 2016.[19] The specification work on legacy GSM/EDGE system was transferred to a new RAN WG, RAN6. The 3GPP structure also includes a Project Coordination Group, which is the highest decision-making body. Its missions include the management of overall timeframe and work progress. Standardization process3GPP standardization work is contribution-driven. Companies ("individual members") participate through their membership to a 3GPP Organizational Partner. As of April 2011, 3GPP is composed of more than 370 individual members.[20] Specification work is done at WG and at TSG level:[21]
3GPP follows a three-stage methodology as defined in ITU-T Recommendation I.130:[22]
Test specifications are sometimes defined as stage 4, as they follow stage 3. Specifications are grouped into releases. A release consists of a set of internally consistent set of features and specifications. Timeframes are defined for each release by specifying freezing dates. Once a release is frozen, only essential corrections are allowed (i.e. addition and modifications of functions are forbidden). Freezing dates are defined for each stage. The 3GPP specifications are transposed into deliverables by the Organizational Partners. Deployment3GPP systems are deployed across much of the established GSM market.[23][24] They are primarily Release 6 systems, but as of 2010, growing interest in HSPA+ and LTE is driving adoption of Release 7 and its successors. Since 2005, 3GPP systems were seeing deployment in the same markets as 3GPP2 systems (for example, North America[25]). With LTE the official successor to 3GPP2's CDMA systems, 3GPP-based systems will eventually become the single global mobile standard.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} See also
References1. ^3GPP Scope and Objectives, 31 August 2007 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.3gpp.org/about-3gpp/about-3gpp|title=About 3GPP|last=|first=|date=|publisher=3GPP|language=en-gb|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-10}} 3. ^3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://3gpp.org/Mobile-Competence-Centre|title=Mobile Competence Centre|last=|first=|date=|publisher=3GPP|language=en-gb|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-10}} 5. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.3gip.org/mission.htm |title=3G.IP Mission Statement |date=2000 |accessdate=2014-01-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000831062005/http://www.3gip.org/mission.htm |archivedate=2000-08-31 |publisher=3G.IP}} 6. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.3gip.org/list.htm |title=3G.IP Membership List |date=2000 |accessdate=2014-01-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000831062054/http://www.3gip.org/list.htm |archivedate=2000-08-31 |publisher=3G.IP}} 7. ^Releases 8. ^1 3GPP Specifications - Releases (and phases and stages) 9. ^Overview of 3GPP Release 99, Summary of all Release 99 Features. ETSI Mobile Competence Centre, Version xx/07/04 10. ^Overview of 3GPP Release 4, Summary of all Release 4 Features, v.1.1.0 (draft) ETSI Mobile Competence Centre 2004 11. ^Summary of all Release 5 Features, ETSI Mobile Competence Centre, Version 9 September 2003 12. ^Overview of 3GPP Release 6, Summary of all Release 6 Features, Version TSG #33, ETSI Mobile Competence Centre 2006 13. ^Review of the Work Plan at Plenaries #31, 3GPP, SP-060232 3GPP TSG SA#31 Sanya, 13–16 March 2006 14. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.unwiredinsight.com/2014/highlights-of-3gpp-release-12 | title=Highlights of 3GPP Release 12 | accessdate=20 November 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1628-rel13 | title=Release 13 priorities | accessdate=20 November 2014}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://portal.3gpp.org/Specifications.aspx?q=1&releases=189|title=3GPP Portal > Specifications|last=Portal|first=3GPP|website=portal.3gpp.org|access-date=2016-10-27}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://portal.3gpp.org/Specifications.aspx?q=1&releases=190|title=3GPP Portal > Specifications|last=Portal|first=3GPP|website=portal.3gpp.org|access-date=2016-10-27}} 18. ^Specification Groups 19. ^closure of GERAN 20. ^3GPP membership 21. ^3GPP TR 21.900 Technical Specification Group working methods 22. ^ITU-T Recommendation I.130 23. ^GSM/3G Fast Facts. GSM Suppliers' Association, 10 December 2006 24. ^Resources: 3G/UMTS Commercial Deployments, Table listing commercially launched 3G/UMTS networks based on WCDMA technology, UMTS Forum 25. ^Cingular to Deliver 3G Wireless Broadband Services, Press Release, Cingular Wireless, MediaRoom 30 November 2004 External links
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