| 词条 | Emanuel Wynn |
| 释义 |
Emanuel Wynn{{efn|First name also Emmanuelle or Emmanuel, last name occasionally Wynne.}} (1650 in France – 1750 in the Caribbean) was a French pirate of the 17th century, and is often considered the first pirate to fly the Jolly Roger. HistoryWynne began his piratical career raiding English merchantmen off the coast of the Province of Carolina near the end of the 17th century. He later moved to the more profitable waters of the Caribbean, attacking both English and Spanish ships.[1] British Admiralty Records, in the Public Records Office in the UK show, in a report dated 18 July 1700, that HMS Poole, a 32-gun fifth-rate frigate[1] commanded by Captain John Cranby, engaged Wynn's ship off the Cape Verde islands. Cranby chased Wynn into a cove at Brava Island{{efn|Some sources locate the skirmish at St. Jago instead.}} where Wynn was able to hold out. Cranby enlisted the assistance of Portuguese soldiers, but thanks to their delay in attacking, Wynn slipped out of the harbor and escaped.[2]Wynn’s Jolly Roger FlagMost historians agree that Cranby's account is the first mention of a Jolly Roger[3], which Cranby described as "a sable ensign with cross bones, a death's head, and an hour glass"[4] or "A Sable Flag with a White Death's Head and Crossed Bones in the Fly."[5] Wynne is believed to be the first pirate to fly the now familiar form of the jolly roger.[6] His flag, showing the distinctive skull and crossbones motif, was augmented with another common pirate symbol: an hourglass, meant to signify to his prey that their time was running out and only by timely surrender could they evade death.[7] There were no other reports at the time of pirates using similar flags[8], but within 15 years the skull and crossbones design and its many variants would become the standard flag of Golden Age pirates.[9] See also
Further reading
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{cite web |title=British Fifth Rate ship 'Poole' (1696) |url=https://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=5868 |website=threedecks.org |accessdate=14 December 2018}} {{pirates}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Wynn,Emmanuel}}2. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Earle |first1=Peter |title=The Pirate Wars |date=2005 |publisher=Macmillan |location=New York |isbn=9780312335793 |page=153-154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VkPb_vEg1aQC |accessdate=14 December 2018 |language=en}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Sherry|first1=Frank|title=Raiders and rebels: the golden age of piracy|date=1986|pages=92-93|publisher=Quill|location=New York|isbn=9780688075156|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Raiders_and_rebels.html?id=r7wi6n4q8LkC|accessdate=29 November 2017|language=en}} 4. ^{{cite book |last1=Leeson |first1=Peter T. |title=The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates |date=2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton NJ |isbn=9781400829866 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my9DnZQVLr8C |accessdate=14 December 2018 |language=en}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Grey|first1=Charles|title=Pirates of the eastern seas (1618-1723): a lurid page of history|date=1933|publisher=S. Low, Marston & co., ltd|location=London |page=17|url=http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/library/documents/1D30004CA384A81381DD3C8F45CAE3B216713B01.html|accessdate=26 June 2017}} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Marley |first1=David F. |title=Daily Life of Pirates |date=2012 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara CA |isbn=9780313395642 |page=181 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4M4c5s_Bn8C |accessdate=14 December 2018 |language=en}} 7. ^{{cite book |last1=Pelkey |first1=Jamin |title=The Semiotics of X: Chiasmus, Cognition, and Extreme Body Memory |date=2017 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |location=New York |isbn=9781474273855 |page=86 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7IbeDQAAQBAJ |accessdate=14 December 2018 |language=en}} 8. ^{{cite book |last1=Little |first1=Benerson |title=The Golden Age of Piracy: The Truth Behind Pirate Myths |date=2016 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. |location=New York |isbn=9781510713048 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2uIDAAAQBAJ |accessdate=14 December 2018 |language=en}} 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Kuhn |first1=Gabriel |title=Life Under the Jolly Roger: Reflections on Golden Age Piracy |date=2009 |publisher=PM Press |location=Oakland CA |isbn=9781604862799 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lTlG9KBY6zEC |accessdate=14 December 2018 |language=en}} 6 : 1650 births|1700 deaths|17th-century pirates|Pirates|French pirates|Piracy in the Caribbean |
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