“Erika Nordby”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Erika Nordby (born February 2000), also known as Baby Erika, Miracle Baby and Canada's Miracle Child, is a Canadian girl originally from Edmonton, Alberta. She is primarily known for having been revived after spending two hours without a heartbeat due to hypothermia.

Freezing

Erika and her mother Leyla were spending the night of 22/23 February 2001 at a friend's home in Edmonton.^[1] Leyla and an unnamed friend had been out earlier in the night, leaving a relative of the friend to babysit. When the two returned to the home, the babysitter left through the back door, which had a broken latch.^[2] In the early hours of the morning, 13-month-old Erika left the house alone wearing only a diaper.^[1] The temperature outside was approximately {{convert|−24|C|F}}.^[2] As the girl customarily had a bottle around 2 am, her mother became concerned when she awoke at 3 am and Erika was not beside her in bed. Leyla found her in a snowbank shortly thereafter by following footprints leading away from the back door.^[3] She brought Erika inside and called an ambulance; she also attempted CPR and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, but was unsuccessful. Paramedics were unable to intubate at the scene due to Erika's condition.^[3] Erika was taken to Stollery Children's Health Centre. 26-year-old Leyla was detained by police for five hours on suspicion of child neglect, after which she went to the hospital.^[3]

Upon her arrival at Stollery, Erika was considered to be clinically dead: she had been without a pulse for approximately two hours.^[3]^[1] She had no vital signs and had a core body temperature of about {{convert|16|C|F}}. This compares to a normal body temperature of {{convert|37|C|F}};^[2] the lowest survived human body temperature resulting from accidental (not medically controlled) hypothermia was {{convert|13.7|°C|°F}}.^[4]

Despite this, her heart resumed beating after she was placed under a warming blanket.^[2] Doctors suggested the cold had placed her into a hibernation-like state, protecting her body from serious damage.^[2] There were initially suggestions that parts of her hands or feet might need to be amputated because of damage from frostbite,^[1] but this turned out not to be necessary.^[2] She did require skin grafts on her foot and physiotherapy to enable her to walk again.^[16]

Aftermath

Erika was released from hospital after six weeks.^[3] She became known as a "miracle baby" and was featured in media worldwide.^[1] She suffered no permanent damage except for some scarring and slight deformation of her left foot, initially requiring specialized footwear.^[2] Over C$5500 was raised from donors to pay for her medical expenses and education, and she was also sent toys and hundreds of cards and letters.^[5]

Although Leyla was never formally charged, she became a subject of intense media scrutiny because of her aboriginal ethnicity and her social circumstances.^[1] She and her family, including Erika, moved away from Edmonton to avoid the media attention,^[2] though she accepted interview requests on the one-year and ten-year anniversaries of the event.^[6]

A civil suit was filed on Erika's behalf against the landlord and tenants of the building that she had been staying in the night she was frozen. The suit sought C$101,000 in damages and compensation because the defendants were aware of but failed to correct the faulty latch on the door that Erika had used. The province of Alberta also sued these defendants, seeking compensation for the costs of Erika's health care.^[7]

Legacy

Erika's story was recounted in the song "Erika Nordby (Canada's Miracle Child)" by popular Canadian artist Stompin' Tom Connors, released on his album Stompin' Tom Sings Canadian History;^[8] the song described how Erika "captured the world with her smile".^[9] The incident was also discussed in a government report about "mothering under duress", which called Erika a "legend".^[10] She became the subject of an episode of Life's Little Miracles, a TV show on Discovery Health Channel^[11] and was mentioned in an episode of Nova on PBS titled Making Stuff Colder.^[12]

Erika's experience was mentioned as one indication of the medical relevance of a Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center study on "anoxia-induced suspended animation" in zebrafish.^[13]^[14]

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-204_162-327616.html|accessdate=1 January 2013|publisher=CBS|title=Update on the toddler who survived sub-zero temperatures|date=11 February 2009}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite news|work=Edmonton Journal|author=Warick, Jason|date=23 February 2002|page=A3|title='Miracle child' bears few scars one year after brush with death}}
3. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=9d56216f-2b4d-49ad-a30a-cc2b19965f28 |accessdate=1 January 2013 |title=Saskatchewan tragedy strikes painful chord for city mom |date=6 February 2008 |work=Edmonton Journal |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517204939/http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=9d56216f-2b4d-49ad-a30a-cc2b19965f28 |archivedate=17 May 2014 |df=dmy }}
4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Gilbert M, Busund R, Skagseth A, Nilsen P, Solbo J |year=2000 |title=Resuscitation from accidental hypothermia of 13.7°C with circulatory arrest |journal=The Lancet |volume=355 |pages=375–376 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)01021-7 |issue=9201}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Baby Erika 'doing great', mother says|author=Mahoney, Jill|work=The Globe and Mail|date=17 March 2001|page=A3}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=http://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/special-report-erika-nordby-life-after-a-miracle-1.611357|accessdate=30 January 2013|title=Erika Nordby: Life after a miracle|date=24 February 2011|publisher=CTV}}
7. ^¹{{cite news|work=Edmonton Journal|title='Miracle baby' Erika Nordby files suit against landlords|page=B3|author=Howell, David|date=25 February 2003}}
8. ^{{cite news|work=Edmonton Journal|title=Stompin' Tom still puts on a kickin' show|author=North, Peter|date=21 July 2001|page=C1}}
9. ^Connors, Stompin' Tom (2001). "Erika Nordby (Canada's Miracle Child)". Stompin' Tom Sings Canadian History.
10. ^¹²³{{cite book|title=A motherhood issue: discourses on mothering under duress|author1=Greaves, Lorraine |author2=Varcoe, Colleen |author3=Poole, Nancy |author4=Morrow, Marina |author5=Johnson, Joy |author6=Pederson, Ann |author7=Irwin, Lori |url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/SW21-99-2002E.pdf| pages=13–14|date=October 2002|publisher=Status of Women Canada}}
11. ^{{cite news|work=Calgary Herald|page=A4|title=Baby Erika's story relived for TV|date=12 May 2002}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/making-more-stuff.html#making-stuff-colder|title=Making Stuff Colder, originally aired October 30, 2013.|date=30 October 2013}}
13. ^{{cite news|work=Ottawa Citizen|title=How the 'Miracle Child' survived|author=Boswell, Randy|date=15 June 2010|page=A4}}
14. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.fhcrc.org/en/news/releases/2001/06/suspended.html | title=Hutchinson Center Researchers First to Induce State of Suspended Animation in Model Vertebrate Organism | date=11 June 2001 | publisher=Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center | accessdate=6 January 2013 }}