| 词条 | Chaghcharan |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Chaghcharan |other_name = Firuzkoh |native_name = فیروزکوه |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Afghanistan |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Afghanistan |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Afghanistan}} |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Ghor Province |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =15,000 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban =31,266 [1] |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title =Religions |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = 30 |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|34|31|21|N|65|15|6|E|region:AF|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 2230 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Chaghcharān (Dari-Persian: {{nq|چغچران}}), also called Firuzkoh (Dari-Persian: {{nq|فیروزکوه}}), is a town and district in central Afghanistan, which serves as the capital of Ghor Province. It is located on the southern side of the Hari River, at an altitude of 2,230 m above sea level. Chaghcharan is linked by a {{convert|380|km|mi}} long highway with Herat to the west, and a {{convert|450|km|mi}} long highway with Kabul to the east. The town is served by Chaghcharan Airport. Chaghcharan has a population of about 15,000 who are mostly Dari speakers. However the recent data showed a population of 31,266 (in 2015).[3] it has 1 district and a total land area of 2,614 Hectares.[4] The total number of dwellings in this city are 3,474.[5] History{{Further|History of Afghanistan}}MedievalPrior to the arrival of Islam the region's inhabitants practiced various different religions including Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Judaism. The Islamic conquest of Afghanistan by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni took place in the 10th century. After the defeat of the Ghaznavids in the 12th century the area came under the control of the local Ghurid dynasty of Ghor. The Ghurid Dynasty had its summer capital, Firozkoh nearby and they constructed the Minaret of Jam there. Today the Minaret of Jam is a UNESCO World Heritage site. In the 13th century, the Ghor region was invaded by the Mongol army who destroyed Firozkoh but left the Minaret of Jam intact. It was then ruled by the Ilkhanate until Timur conquered it in the 14th century. Chakhcherān is mentioned by name in the 16th century Baburnama, describing Babur's visit in early 1507 while on his journey to Kabul. It was a town located in the Gharjistan region, between Herat, Ghor, and Ghazni.[6] Modern EraIn 2004, an independent FM radio station (Persian: راديو صداي صلح or Voice of Peace Radio) came on air in the town, the first independent media in this part of Afghanistan.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} In June 2005, the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) established a Lithuanian led Provincial Reconstruction Team in which Croatian, Danish, American, Ukrainian, Icelandic, and Georgian troops also served.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} Demography{{Further|Demographics of Afghanistan}}Approximately 15,000 people live in the town, making it the largest in the province. However this city population is estimated to be 31,266 in 2015.[7] The main inhabitants of Chaghcharan are Aimaq, Hazaras and Tajiks.[8] Land UseChaghcharan (Ferozkoh) is located at the central region of Afghanistan connected by a highway 380 km West to Herat and about the same East to Kabul.[9] Ferozkoh is an ancient city that date back to Genghis Khan and Mongols. Ferozkoh is famous for agriculture and animal husbandry.[10] Transportation{{Further|Chaghcharan Airport}}As of August 2015, Chaghcharan Airport, located northwest of the Hari River, one mile northeast of Chaghcharan, had regularly scheduled flights to Kabul and Herat. However, as of January 2016 commercial operators no longer offer scheduled flights, leaving the United Nations Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS) as the only user of Chaghcharan Airport with flights to Kabul and Herat. The main road from Changhcharan runs toward Herat in the west and Kabul in the east. Due to severe weather, the road is often closed during winter and even in summer it can take three full days to drive from Chagcharan to Kabul.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} EconomyAgriculture and animal husbandry are the primary economic activities in Ghor Province.[11]ClimateChaghcharan has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dsb), with snowy winters and warm, dry summers. Precipitation is low, and mostly falls in winter and spring. {{Weather box|width = auto |location = Chaghcharān |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 12.0 |Feb record high C = 11.5 |Mar record high C = 20.6 |Apr record high C = 26.8 |May record high C = 32.3 |Jun record high C = 34.6 |Jul record high C = 37.4 |Aug record high C = 35.0 |Sep record high C = 33.0 |Oct record high C = 27.5 |Nov record high C = 21.0 |Dec record high C = 16.7 |Jan high C = -1.3 |Feb high C = 0.0 |Mar high C = 8.8 |Apr high C = 17.4 |May high C = 21.8 |Jun high C = 27.3 |Jul high C = 29.8 |Aug high C = 28.8 |Sep high C = 24.7 |Oct high C = 17.9 |Nov high C = 11.4 |Dec high C = 3.2 |Jan mean C = -9.4 |Feb mean C = -7.3 |Mar mean C = 1.6 |Apr mean C = 9.3 |May mean C = 12.8 |Jun mean C = 17.2 |Jul mean C = 19.3 |Aug mean C = 17.8 |Sep mean C = 12.4 |Oct mean C = 6.9 |Nov mean C = 1.5 |Dec mean C = -4.4 |Jan low C = -16.3 |Feb low C = -15.3 |Mar low C = -3.9 |Apr low C = 2.1 |May low C = 3.5 |Jun low C = 4.9 |Jul low C = 7.1 |Aug low C = 5.3 |Sep low C = -0.2 |Oct low C = -2.8 |Nov low C = -6.8 |Dec low C = -11.1 |Jan record low C = −44.0 |Feb record low C = -46.0 |Mar record low C = −26.0 |Apr record low C = -10.8 |May record low C = -6.0 |Jun record low C = -2.7 |Jul record low C = 0.5 |Aug record low C = -2.0 |Sep record low C = -8.0 |Oct record low C = -14.6 |Nov record low C = −19.5 |Dec record low C = −35.0 |Jan precipitation mm = 30.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 32.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 40.0 |Apr precipitation mm = 35.3 |May precipitation mm = 20.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.4 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.1 |Aug precipitation mm = 0.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 0.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 11.0 |Nov precipitation mm = 15.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 18.1 |Jan sun = 146.4 |Feb sun = 150.2 |Mar sun = 198.6 |Apr sun = 223.9 |May sun = 320.6 |Jun sun = 383.9 |Jul sun = 389.4 |Aug sun = 358.0 |Sep sun = 344.7 |Oct sun = 267.7 |Nov sun = 217.9 |Dec sun = 154.7 |Jan rain days = 0 |Feb rain days = 1 |Mar rain days = 6 |Apr rain days = 8 |May rain days = 5 |Jun rain days = 0 |Jul rain days = 0 |Aug rain days = 0 |Sep rain days = 0 |Oct rain days = 3 |Nov rain days = 3 |Dec rain days = 1 |Jan snow days = 8 |Feb snow days = 9 |Mar snow days = 5 |Apr snow days = 1 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 2 |Dec snow days = 7 |Jan humidity = 70 |Feb humidity = 71 |Mar humidity = 66 |Apr humidity = 56 |May humidity = 49 |Jun humidity = 39 |Jul humidity = 34 |Aug humidity = 32 |Sep humidity = 36 |Oct humidity = 44 |Nov humidity = 54 |Dec humidity = 64 |source 1 =NOAA (1968-1983) [12] |date=May 2014}} See also
References and footnotes1. ^{{cite web|title=The State of Afghan Cities report 2015 |url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ |ref=UN-Habitat |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031111515/http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ |archivedate=2015-10-31 |df= }} 2. ^ 3. ^{{cite web|title=The State of Afghan Cities report2015 |url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ |ref=UN-Habitat |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031111515/http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ |archivedate=2015-10-31 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|title=The State of Afghan Cities report 2015|url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015_volume2/|ref=UN-Habitat}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=The State of Afghan Cities report2015|url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015_volume2/|ref=UN-Habitat}} 6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=03501052&ct=5 |title= Events Of The Year 912 |author=Zahir ud-Din Mohammad Babur |work=Memoirs of Babur |publisher=Packard Humanities Institute |year=1507|accessdate=2011-08-18}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=The State of Afghan Cities report 2015 |url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ |ref=UN-Habitat |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031111515/http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ |archivedate=2015-10-31 |df= }} 8. ^http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/western/ghor/chaghcharan.pdf{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 9. ^{{cite web|title=The State of Afghan Cities report 2015|url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015_volume2/|ref=UN-Habitat}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=The State of Afghan Cities report 2015|url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015_volume2/|ref=UN-Habitat}} 11. ^Ghor Province by Naval Postgraduate School, http://www.nps.edu/Programs/CCS/Ghor/Ghor.html 12. ^{{cite web |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/AH/40942.TXT |title = Chakhcharan Climate Normals 1968-1983 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate = December 26, 2012}} External links{{commons category|Chaghcharan}}
3 : Populated places in Ghor Province|Districts of Ghor Province|Provincial capitals in Afghanistan |
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