词条 | Chambéry | |||
释义 |
|name = Chambéry |common name = Chambéry |commune status = Prefecture and commune |image = Chambéry depuis les Monts.JPG |caption = A general view of Chambéry |image flag = |image flag size = 85px |image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Chambéry.svg |city motto = |coordinates = {{coord|45.57|5.9118|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation m = 270 |elevation min m = 245 |elevation max m = 560 |time zone = CET (UTC +1) |arrondissement = Chambéry |canton = Chambéry-1, 2 and 3 |mayor = Michel Dantin |party = LR |term = 2014–2020 |intercommunality = Chambéry Métropole |area km2 = 20.99 |area footnotes = |INSEE = 73065 |postal code = 73000 |population = 59490 |population date = January 2014 |population ranking = 88th in France |urban area km2 = |urban area date = |urban pop = |urban pop date = |metro area km2 = |metro area date = |metro area pop = |metro area pop date = |website = {{URL|www.chambery.fr}} }} Chambéry ({{IPA-fr|ʃɑ̃beʁi}}; {{lang-frp|Chambèri}}, {{lang-it|Sciamberì}}, and in Latin: Camberia) is a city in the department of Savoie, located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France. It is the capital of the department and has been the historical capital of the Savoy region since the 13th century, when Amadeus V, Count of Savoy, made the city his seat of power. Together with other Alpine towns Chambéry engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Chambéry was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2006. GeographyChambéry was founded at a crossroads of ancient routes through the Dauphiné (Dôfenâ), Burgundy, Switzerland, and Italy, in a wide valley between the Bauges and the Chartreuse Mountains on the Leysse River. The metropolitan area has more than 125,000 residents, extending from the vineyard slopes of the fr:Combe de Savoie almost to the shores of the Lac du Bourget, the largest natural lake in France. The city is a major railway hub, at the midpoint of the Franco-Italian Turin–Lyon high-speed railway. Chambéry is situated in southeast France, {{convert|523|km|0|abbr=off}} from Paris, {{convert|326|km|0|abbr=off}} from Marseille, {{convert|214|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} from Turin, {{convert|100|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} from Lyon and {{convert|85|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} from Geneva. It is found in a large valley, surrounded by the Massif des Bauges to the east (dominated by Le Nivolet, upon which La Croix du Nivolet is found), Mont Granier (Chartreuse) and the Chaîne de Belledonne to the south, the Chaîne de l'Épine (the most southern mountain of the Jura) to the west and the Lac du Bourget to the north. The towns surrounding Chambéry are Barberaz, Bassens, Cognin, Jacob-Bellecombette, La Motte-Servolex, La Ravoire, Saint-Alban-Leysse and Sonnaz. {{clear|left}}HistoryThe history of Chambéry is closely linked to the House of Savoy and was the Savoyard capital from 1295 to 1563. During this time, Savoy encompassed a region that stretched from Bourg-en-Bresse in the west, across the Alps to Turin, north to Geneva, and south to Nice. To insulate Savoy from provocations by France, Duke Emmanuel Philibert moved his capital to Turin in 1563, and, consequently, Chambéry declined. France annexed the regions that formerly constituted the Duchy of Savoy west of the Alps in 1792; however, the former Duchy and Chambéry were returned to the rulers of the House of Savoy in Turin in 1815 following the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte. The need for urban revitalization was met by the establishment of the Société Académique de Savoie in 1820, which was devoted to material and ethical progress, now housed in an apartment of the ducal Château. Chambéry and lands of the former Duchy, as well as The County of Nice, were ceded to France by Piedmont in 1860, under the reign of Napoleon III. ToponymyThe town known as Lemencum first changed its name in the Middle Ages during the period that the Duc de Savoie erected his castle. It was called Camefriacum in 1016, Camberiaco in 1029, Cambariacum in 1036, and Cambariaco in 1044. In the next century, Cambariaco changed to Chamberium (1233), finally becoming Chamberi in 1603. The actual name supposedly comes from the Gaulois term camboritos (a ford situated in a curve). The Latin name cambarius, meaning beer brewer, may also explain the name. Another hypothesis is that the Gallo-Roman name Camberiacum suggests the idea of currency changing (cambium) or trade (camerinum : market), or perhaps, a room (camera) where the toll taxes are collected. ClimateChambéry is right on the boundary between the humid subtropical and oceanic climates under the Köppen system. In spite of this it is highly influenced by its interior position within France, resulting in quite hot summers, and winters with frequent temperatures below freezing, especially at night. {{Weather box|location= Chambéry (1981–2010 averages) |metric first= Y |single line= Y |Jan record high C = 17.9 |Feb record high C = 20.5 |Mar record high C = 25.1 |Apr record high C = 29.5 |May record high C = 32.7 |Jun record high C = 36.1 |Jul record high C = 38.8 |Aug record high C = 38.8 |Sep record high C = 32.0 |Oct record high C = 29.0 |Nov record high C = 23.3 |Dec record high C = 22.7 |year record high C = 38.8 |Jan high C = 5.9 |Feb high C = 7.9 |Mar high C = 12.6 |Apr high C = 16.3 |May high C = 20.8 |Jun high C = 24.6 |Jul high C = 27.4 |Aug high C = 26.6 |Sep high C = 22.0 |Oct high C = 16.7 |Nov high C = 10.1 |Dec high C = 6.4 |year high C = 16.5 |Jan mean C = 2 |Feb mean C = 3 |Mar mean C = 7 |Apr mean C = 11 |May mean C = 15 |Jun mean C = 19 |Jul mean C = 21 |Aug mean C = 20 |Sep mean C = 16 |Oct mean C = 12 |Nov mean C = 6 |Dec mean C = 3 |year mean C = 11.3 |Jan low C = -1.6 |Feb low C = -0.7 |Mar low C = 2.1 |Apr low C = 5.1 |May low C = 9.7 |Jun low C = 12.8 |Jul low C = 14.7 |Aug low C = 14.2 |Sep low C = 11.0 |Oct low C = 7.4 |Nov low C = 2.5 |Dec low C = -0.2 |year low C = 6.5 |Jan record low C = -19.0 |Feb record low C = -14.4 |Mar record low C = -10.3 |Apr record low C = -4.6 |May record low C = -1.4 |Jun record low C = 2.8 |Jul record low C = 5.4 |Aug record low C = 5.0 |Sep record low C = 1.0 |Oct record low C = -4.3 |Nov record low C = -10.8 |Dec record low C = -13.5 |year record low C = -19.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 102.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 91.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 100.0 |Apr precipitation mm = 92.2 |May precipitation mm = 104.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 94.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 86.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 91.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 111.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 122.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 105.0 |Dec precipitation mm = 118.0 |year precipitation mm = 1221.0 |Jan precipitation days = 9.8 |Feb precipitation days = 8.2 |Mar precipitation days = 10.4 |Apr precipitation days = 10.3 |May precipitation days = 11.5 |Jun precipitation days = 9.7 |Jul precipitation days = 7.9 |Aug precipitation days = 8.9 |Sep precipitation days = 8.6 |Oct precipitation days = 10.8 |Nov precipitation days = 10.0 |Dec precipitation days = 10.5 |year precipitation days = 116.6 |Jan sun = 77.7 |Feb sun = 104.4 |Mar sun = 156.7 |Apr sun = 172.8 |May sun = 202.5 |Jun sun = 234.0 |Jul sun = 260.1 |Aug sun = 232.5 |Sep sun = 176.3 |Oct sun = 121.4 |Nov sun = 71.2 |Dec sun = 60.6 |year sun = 1870.3 |source 1= Météo France[1][2] |date= December 2015 }} Main sightsChâteau de ChambéryThe first counts of Savoy settled into an existing fortress in 1285 and expanded it in the early-14th century to serve as a residence, seat of power and administration, and as stronghold for the House of Savoy. However, it quickly became obsolete as a serious fortification genuinely capable of resisting a siege. Due to constant French hostilities on the château, Duke Emmanuel Philibert decided to move his capital to Turin. The château remained purely an administrative centre until Christine Marie of France, Duchess of Savoy, returned to hold court in 1640. It was the site of the 1684 marriage between Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia and Anne Marie d'Orléans, niece of Louis XIV. Victor Amadeus II, having abdicated, lived here with his second wife Anna Canalis di Cumiana before they were imprisoned at the Castle of Rivoli for trying to reclaim the throne. In 1786, Victor Amadeus III enlarged it, adding a Royal Wing. Under Napoleon Bonaparte, the Aile du Midi ("South Wing") was rebuilt and redecorated to house the imperial prefecture of the department of Mont-Blanc. Elaborate modification to the structure were made again after Savoy was annexed by France in 1860. Today, the political administration of the department of Savoie is located in the castle, and it is open for tours and concerts. Fontaine des ÉléphantsThe Fontaine des Éléphants ("Elephants Fountain") is the most famous landmark in Chambéry. It was built in 1838 to honour Benoît de Boigne's feats when he was in India. The monumental fountain has strikingly realistic sculptures of the head and forelimbs of four lifesize elephants truncated into the base of a tall column in the shape of the savoyan (savoyarde) cross, topped by a statue of de Boigne. At first, the landmark was mocked by the local residents who were annoyed by it, but it now is accepted as one of the city's symbols. Since the early controversy, the statue kept its nickname of les quatre sans culs, ("the four without arses", which sounds in French similar to the title of the best-known movie by nouvelle vague director François Truffaut: Les quatre cents coups, "The 400 Blows"). A total restoration was done between December 2014 and July 2015.[3] OthersThe Cistercian Abbey of Hautecombe, founded in 1135, is one of the burial places of the rulers of the House of Savoy. Saint Francis de Sales officiated at Notre-Dame de Myans (established before the 12th century). Francis I of France went to Notre-Dame de l'Aumône at Rumilly in the 13th century as a pilgrim. The Sisters of St Joseph, an order founded at Chambéry in 1812, devotes itself to teaching and charitable work, and today, its members are now spread worldwide. Chambéry is also the administrative headquarters of the Orchestre des Pays de Savoie. EducationChambéry is home to a famous engineering graduate school, Arts et Métiers ParisTech (ENSAM), that established an institute of research in 1994. This institute offers doctoral and master programs in the field of mechanical and industrial engineering. Chambéry is also home to the INSEEC Business School, a French business school which offers Master in Management – Grande école program educational system. TransportChambéry Airport serves Chambéry in the winter. The Chambéry-Challes-les-Eaux station provides rail connections, including a nonstop TGV service to Paris-Gare de Lyon. High-speed rail service also continues east along the Maurienne Valley and through the Fréjus Rail Tunnel to Turin, Italy. STAC is the local bus system. MilitaryChambéry is home to the 13th Battalion of the Chasseurs Alpins. Demography{{Table Population Town}}{{Chart Population Town}}VermouthChambéry is an AOC region for Chambéry vermouth, where the Dolin and Routin brands are made.[4] SportChambéry is home to SO Chambéry Foot and to Chambéry Savoie Handball. Notable peopleChambéry was the birthplace of (chronological order):
International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}Chambéry is twinned with:
See also
References
1. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/chambery/73329001/normales| title = Données climatiques de la station de Chambéry| publisher = Meteo France| language = French| accessdate = 26 December 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/rhone-alpes/regi82/normales| title = Climat Rhône-Alpes| publisher = Meteo France| language = French| accessdate = 26 December 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=2014 -2015 : Travaux de restauration complets|url=http://www.chambery.fr/2611-2014-2015-travaux-de-restauration-complets.htm|accessdate=22 June 2016|language=French|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044035/http://www.chambery.fr/2611-2014-2015-travaux-de-restauration-complets.htm|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Vermouth boom |url=https://punchdrink.com/articles/vermouth-boom-told-by-three-iconic-brands-cocchi-dolin-miro/ |website=punchdrinks.com |accessdate=5 February 2019}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/gemellaggieaccordi/index.shtml|title=International Affairs - Twinnings and Agreements|accessdate=6 August 2013|last=Pessotto|first=Lorenzo|work=International Affairs Service in cooperation with Servizio Telematico Pubblico|publisher=City of Torino|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618182559/http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/gemellaggieaccordi/index.shtml|archivedate=18 June 2013}} External links{{Commons category|Chambéry}}
3 : Chambéry|Communes of Savoie|Prefectures in France |
|||
随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。