| 词条 | Fais Island |
| 释义 |
| name = Fais Island | image_name = Fais-140.51739E 9.76185N.png | image_caption = NASA picture of Fais Island | image_size = 250px | map_image = Yap.png | map_caption = | location = North Pacific | coordinates = {{coord|9|45|37|N|140|31|15|E|type:isle |display=inline}} | coastline_mi = | archipelago = Caroline | total_islands = 1 | area_km2 = 2.6 | elevation_m = 18 | population = 215 | population_as_of = 2000 | country = {{flagicon|FSM}} Federated States of Micronesia | ethnic_groups = Micronesian }} Fais Island is a raised coral island in the eastern Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district in Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia. Fais Island is located approximately {{convert|87|km|mi}} east of Ulithi and {{convert|251|km|mi}} northeast of Yap and is the closest land to Challenger Deep, about 180 miles away. The population of Fais Island was 215 in 2000.[1] {{Location map|Pacific Ocean |label=Fais |lon_dir=E |lat_dir=N |lat_deg=9|lat_min=45 |lon_deg=140|lon_min=31 |position=right |width=300 |float=left |mark=Cercle rouge 100%.svg |marksize=20 |caption=Location of Fais in the Pacific Ocean }} GeographyFais Island is an oblong, oval-shaped raised coralline mass with a maximum elevation of {{convert|18|m|ft}}, surrounded by a narrow lagoon and fringing reef except for its northeast and southwest extremities. It has a total land area of {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi}}.[2] LegendFriedrich Ratzel in The History of Mankind[3] related in 1896 that the Polynesian legend of the fishing up of the land from the depths of the sea took the following form in Yap: Motigtig went out fishing with his two elder brothers Morangrang and Motal. First, he hooked up crops of all sorts, and taro; then the island of Fais. His hook was stolen and kept by the chief in Gachpar in order to control the people; and since, if it were destroyed, Fais also would disappear, the inhabitants of that island were in constant subjection to the menaces of the Yap chiefs in Gagil. HistoryFirst recorded sighting of Fais Island was by the Spanish expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos on 23 January 1543. Quite surprisingly for the Spaniards, the local people came out in canoes making the sign of the cross and saying "Buenos días, matelotes!" in perfect sixteenth century Spanish ("Good day, sailors!"), this being an evidence that one of the previous Spanish expeditions had been in the area.[4] Fais was therefore charted as Matelotes. Having known about this story, António Galvão governor of Ternate at the time, in his Tratado dos Descubrimientos of 1563 says that this was because he had sent one Francisco de Castro as commander of a ship on a proselytizing mission to the islands discovered in the area of Fais by the Portuguese Diego da Rocha (Ulithi in 1526).[5][6] However, while this could be a natural explanation of the incident, it doesn't explain why, according to Villalobos' records the local people greeted them in "perfect" Spanish and not in Portuguese. The original account of this story is included in the report that the Augustinian Fray Jerónimo de Santisteban, travelling with the Villalobos' expedition, wrote for the Viceroy of New Spain, while in Kochi during the voyage home.[7] French naval captain Louis Tromelin visited the island during a journey through the Pacific 1828-29 [8]As with all of the Caroline Islands, Fais was sold by Spain to the Empire of Germany in 1899. The island came under the control of the Empire of Japan after World War I, and was subsequently administered under the South Pacific Mandate. Allied forces occupied Fais Island from January 1, 1945 and built an airstrip. Following World War II, the island came under the control of the United States of America and was administered as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands from 1947, and became part of the Federated States of Micronesia from 1979. See also
References
1. ^Yap State Census Report, 2000 ( PDF) 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://oceandots.com/pacific/caroline/elato.php |title=Oceandots |accessdate=2012-01-31 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://oceandots.com/pacific/caroline/elato.php |archivedate=December 23, 2010 |df= }} 3. ^Ratzel, Friedrich. The History of Mankind. (London: MacMillan, 1896). URL: www.inquirewithin.biz/history/american_pacific/oceania/legend.htm accessed 30 May 2010. 4. ^Brand, Donald D. The Pacific Basin: A History of its Geographical Explorations The American Geographical Society, New York, 1967, p.122. 5. ^Sharp, Andrew, The discovery of the Pacific Islands Oxford 1960, pp.15,27 6. ^Galvão, António Tratado que compôs o nobre & notauel capitão Antonio Galuão, dos diuersos & desuayrados caminhos, por onde nos tempos passados a pimenta & especearia veyo da India às nossas partes, & assi de todos os descobrimentos antigos & modernos, que são feitos até a era de mil & quinhentos & cincoenta, Lisboa 1563 7. ^Colección de documentos inéditos del Archivo de Indias, vol. v (Madrid, 1866), pp. 117-209; vol. xiv (Madrid, 1870), pp.151-65. 8. ^Dunmore, pp 52 & 250 External links
3 : Islands of Yap|Municipalities of Yap|Coral islands |
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