| 词条 | Charles Fremantle |
| 释义 |
|name=Sir Charles Fremantle |birth_date={{birth-date|1 June 1800}} |death_date= {{death-date and age|25 May 1869|1 June 1800}} |birth_place= |death_place= |image=Admiral Sir Charles Howe Fremantle.jpg |caption=Sir Charles Fremantle |nickname= |allegiance={{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom |serviceyears= |rank=Admiral |commands= HMS Challenger HMS Inconstant HMS Albion HMS Juno Channel Squadron Plymouth Command |branch= Royal Navy |unit= |battles=Crimean War |awards=Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath |laterwork= }} Admiral Sir Charles Howe Fremantle GCB RN (1 June 1800 – 25 May 1869) was a British Royal Navy officer. The city of Fremantle in Western Australia is named after him. Early lifeFremantle was the son of Admiral Thomas Fremantle,[1] a close associate of Nelson, and his wife Elizabeth, the diarist, and a nephew of William Henry Fremantle. His elder brother was Thomas Fremantle, 1st Baron Cottesloe. His middle name, Howe, is a consequence of his birth date, the anniversary of Lord Howe's victory over the French on the Glorious First of June in 1794. He joined the Royal Navy in 1812.[1] In 1824 he was awarded the gold first gallantry medal of the newly formed Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck, later the Royal National Lifeboat Institution for an attempted rescue carried out by Fremantle in Whitepit near Christchurch, Dorset.[2] However, according to Graeme Henderson, former director of the Western Australian Maritime Museum, Fremantle was charged with raping a 15-year-old girl in April 1826. To avoid a scandal, his family paid off witnesses and leant on the judiciary.[3] In August 1826 he was promoted to captain,[1] and in 1828, given command of the 26-gun frigate HMS Challenger,[1] and sent to claim the west coast of Australia for the United Kingdom. CareerHMS Challenger was despatched by the Admiralty from the Cape of Good Hope on 20 March 1829,[4]{{rp|p11}} anchored in Cockburn Sound on 2 May and landing on Garden Island. One week later, he hoisted the British flag on the south head of the mouth of the Swan River and took formal possession in the name of His Majesty King George IV of "all that part of New Holland (Australia) which is not included within the territory of New South Wales".[4]{{rp|p11}} The appointed Lieutenant Governor James Stirling arrived in Cockburn Sound on 2 June aboard the hired transport barque Parmelia with his family and other intending settlers, numbering 69 in all, to establish a colony at the Swan River in Western Australia. On 8 June they were joined by a military detachment of some 56 officers and men who disembarked from the consort ship HMS Sulphur. On 17 June, a proxy proclamation was read by Stirling confirming Fremantle's earlier proclamation. The landing of those immigrants marked the beginning of the history of Western Australia as a British colony, and later as a state of federal Australia. Fremantle left the Swan River Colony on 25 August 1829, heading towards the British base at Trincomalee, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), where he was based for the next couple of years. While there he visited many locations, including Kowloon in China, which he recommended as a good site for a British settlement. The British government agreed and Hong Kong was settled in 1841. Fremantle was only in Ceylon for a couple of years. On his way back to England in September 1832 he visited the Swan River Colony for a week, but never returned again. In 1833 he stopped at Pitcairn Island, where he attempted to make peace in the leadership dispute between Joshua Hill and George Hunn Nobbs.[5] He was given command of HMS Inconstant in the Mediterranean Fleet in 1843 and command of HMS Albion (also in the Mediterranean) in 1847.[1] Then in 1853 he became Captain of HMS Juno on the Australia Station.[1] Fremantle served as Rear-Admiral controlling the naval transport service from Balaklava on the Crimean Peninsula during the Crimean War.[1] He went on to be Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Squadron in July 1858 and Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth in 1863.[1] Personal lifeFremantle married Isabella Wedderburn on 8 October 1836. They had three children:
Fremantle died in 1869 and is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London. The grave lies against the east wall, towards the north end, near the more distinctive monument to the politician David Lyon. See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 William Loney RN 2. ^{{Cite book |title=Lifeboat Gallantry |last=Cox |first=Barry |publisher= |year=1998 |isbn= |location= |pages=}} 3. ^{{cite news |first=Jenny |last=d'Anger |title=Captain Cad: Fremantle a 'sadistic rapist' |work=Fremantle Herald |volume=18 |issue=34 |date=25 August 2007 |page=1}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |title=The Western Australian Year Book No. 17, 1979 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics, Western Australian Office, 1979 |issn=0083-8772}} 5. ^{{cite book |title=Pitcairn Island |last=Silverman |first=David |authorlink= |year=1967 |publisher=World Publishing Company |location=Cleveland, Ohio |page=119 |accessdate=11 August 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmN0AAAAMAAJ }} Further reading
|-{{succession box |title=Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth |years=1863–1866 |before=Sir Houston Stewart |after=Sir William Martin}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fremantle, Charles}} 11 : Fremantle|History of Western Australia|People from Perth, Western Australia|Royal Navy admirals|1800 births|1869 deaths|Burials at Brompton Cemetery|Royal Navy personnel of the Crimean War|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|19th-century Royal Navy personnel|Non-nationals associated with the Pitcairn Islands |
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