| 词条 | Charles Hatchett |
| 释义 |
|name = Charles Hatchett |image = Charles Hatchett 2.jpg |image_size = 180px |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1765|01|02}} |birth_place = |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1847|03|10|1765|01|02}} |death_place = Chelsea, London, UK |residence = |citizenship = British |fields = |workplaces = British Museum |alma_mater = |known_for = Discovery of niobium |influences = |influenced = |awards = |religion = |signature = |footnotes = }}Charles Hatchett FRS FRSE (2 January 1765 – 10 March 1847[1]) was a British chemist who discovered the element niobium.[2] LifeHatchett was born in Long Acre, London the son of John Hatchett, a coach-builder. In 1800 he founded a chemical works at Chiswick in London. In 1801 while working for the British Museum in London, Hatchett analysed a piece of columbite in the museum's collection. Columbite turned out to be a very complex mineral, and Hachett discovered that it contained a "new earth" which implied the existence of a new element. Hatchett called this new element columbium (Cb) in honour of Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of America.[3] On 26 November of that year he announced his discovery before the Royal Society.[4][5] The element was later rediscovered and renamed niobium (its current name). Later in life, Hatchett quit his job as a chemist to work full-time in his family's coach fabrication business. He lived at Mount Clare, Roehampton from 1807 to 1819.[6] Hatchett died at Bellevue House in Chelsea, London,[7] and is buried at St Laurence's Church, Upton-cum-Chalvey, Slough, the same church where William Herschel is interred. Publications
RecognitionSince 1979, the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining ("IOM3") (London) has given the Charles Hatchett Award yearly to a noted metallurgist. The award is given to the "author of the best paper on the science and technology of niobium and its alloys." FamilyOn 24 March 1787, he married Elizabeth Collick at St Martin-in-the-Fields. Their children included:
References1. ^GRO Register of Deaths: MAR 1847 III 40 CHELSEA – Charles Hatchett, age unknown 2. ^{{cite journal | title = Charles Hatchett FRS (1765–1847), Chemist and Discoverer of Niobium | author = William P. Griffith and Peter J. T. Morris | journal = Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London | volume = 57 | issue = 3 | pages = 299 | year = 2003 | jstor = 3557720 | doi = 10.1098/rsnr.2003.0216}} 3. ^{{cite web |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UL8TAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA582|title = System of Mineralogy, Vol. II.|website = |last = Jameson|first = Robert|year = 1805 |publisher = Bell and Bradfute (et al.)|location = Edinburgh|page = 582|access-date = 15 February 2015 |quote = ... Mr Hatchett found it to contain a metal, which, from its properties, could not be referred to any hitherto known; hence he was of opinion that it should be considered as a new genus, to which he gave the name Columbium, in honour of the discoverer of America. ...'}} 4. ^{{cite journal | title = An Analysis of a Mineral Substance from North America, Containing a Metal Hitherto Unknown | author = Charles Hatchett | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London | volume = 92 | pages = 49–66 | year = 1802 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=c-Q_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA49#v=onepage&q&f=false | jstor = 107114 | doi =10.1098/rstl.1802.0005 }} 5. ^{{cite journal | title = Eigenschaften und chemisches Verhalten des von Charles Hatchett entdeckten neuen Metalls, Columbium |trans-title=Properties and chemical behavior of the new metal, columbium, (that was) discovered by Charles Hatchett| author = Charles Hatchett | journal = Annalen der Physik | volume = 11 | issue = 5 | pages = 120–122 | year = 1802 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wSYwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q&f=false | doi = 10.1002/andp.18020110507 |bibcode = 1802AnP....11..120H }} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Gerhold|first=Dorian|title=Villas and Mansions of Roehampton and Putney Heath|year=1997|publisher=Wandsworth Historical Society|isbn=0 905121 05 8|pages=31–33}} 7. ^http://archives.wellcomelibrary.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=33&dsqSearch=(Sources_guides_used%3D'Tropical%20Medicine') 8. ^http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf Further reading
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14 : 1765 births|1847 deaths|English chemists|Discoverers of chemical elements|Fellows of the Royal Society|Members of The Club|Recipients of the Copley Medal|People from Chelsea, London|18th-century English people|19th-century English people|Place of birth missing|18th-century British chemists|19th-century British chemists|Niobium |
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