| 词条 | Charles Lawrence (British Army officer) |
| 释义 |
|name=Charles Lawrence |image=GovernorOfNovaScotiaCharlesLawrence.jpg |image_size=250 |caption= |birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1709|12|14}} |death_date={{death date and age|df=y|1760|10|19|1709|12|14}} |birth_place= |death_place= Halifax, Nova Scotia |placeofburial= |placeofburial_label= |nickname= |allegiance=British |branch= |serviceyears= |rank= Brigadier general |battles={{plainlist|
Battle of Fontenoy
Battle at Chignecto (1749)
Battle of Fort Beausejour Expulsion of the Acadians Siege of Louisbourg (1758) }} |awards= |relations= |laterwork=Governor of Nova Scotia }} Brigadier-General Charles Lawrence (14 December 1709 – 19 October 1760) was a British military officer who, as lieutenant governor and subsequently governor of Nova Scotia, is perhaps best known for overseeing the Expulsion of the Acadians and settling the New England Planters in Nova Scotia. He was born in Plymouth, England and died in Halifax, Nova Scotia. According to historian Elizabeth Griffiths, Lawrence was seen as a "competent", "efficient" officer with a "service record that had earned him fairly rapid promotion, a person of considerable administrative talent who was trusted by both Cornwallis and Hopson."{{sfnp|Griffiths|2005|p=120}} He is buried in the crypt of St. Paul's Church (Halifax). Early careerLawrence followed his father into a military career. His father was General Charles John Lawrence and is said to have served in Flanders under John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. Charles Lawrence's earlier life is obscure. He was commissioned in the 11th Regiment of Foot and served in the West Indies from 1733 until 1737. He then served in the War Office. He was made lieutenant in 1731 and then captain in 1745. He was wounded while serving with the 54th Foot in the battle of Fontenoy in 1745.{{sfnp|Griffiths|2005|p=420}} Father Le Loutre's WarDuring Father Le Loutre's War, in 1749 he transferred again, to the 40th Foot. He participated in the Battle at Chignecto (1749) and then built Fort Lawrence on the south bank of the Missaguash River in the fall of 1750, and was promoted Lieutenant-Colonel the same year. In 1753, he directed the settlement of the Foreign Protestants at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia and suppressed the settlers' rebellion there.{{sfnp|Griffiths|2005|p=423}} Lawrence mobilized rangers to prevent the Acadian Exodus as well as fight the Mi'kmaq. French and Indian WarDuring the French and Indian War, in conjunction with Governor William Shirley of Massachusetts, he helped raise forces for the Battle of Fort Beauséjour on 16 June 1755. He wrote the deportation order, and orchestrated the various campaigns of the Expulsion of the Acadians, beginning with the Bay of Fundy Campaign (1755). After the native Raid on Lunenburg (1756), he placed a bounty on male native scalps. Lawrence commissioned several armed patrol vessels to patrol the Nova Scotia coast as part of a provincial marine, including the ten-gun brigantine Montague in 1759. As governor of Nova Scotia, Lawrence saw the settlement of the Acadian lands by New England Planters. In 1757, Lawrence was further promoted to the title of brigadier general and commanded one of the three divisions at the successful siege of the French fortress at Louisbourg on Île Royale (Cape Breton Island) in 1758.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} He is said to have died of pneumonia in 1760 in Halifax, Nova Scotia and is buried under St. Paul's Church (Halifax). According to his biographer, Dominique Graham, {{quote|text=Referring to the monument raised to Lawrence’s memory in St Paul’s Church, Halifax, to indicate the late governor’s popularity, Belcher wrote, "In a grateful sense of his affection and services the last tribute that could be paid to his memory was unanimously voted by the General Assembly at their first meeting after the late Governor’s universally lamented decease." These sympathetic remarks by a contemporary with whom Lawrence had sometimes been at odds and the considerations mentioned above should be placed in the scales against the views of historians who condemn him for his inhumanity to the Acadians.{{sfnp|Graham|1974}} }}Legacy
See also
ReferencesEndnotes 1. ^{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/stream/logofhalifaxpriv00macm/page/6 |first=Archibald |last=MacMechan |title=The Log of a Halifax Privateer |date=1920 |location=Halifax |publisher=H.H. Marshall |page=6}} Texts
External links{{wikisource author}}
19 : Military history of Acadia|Military history of New England|Military history of the Thirteen Colonies|Canadian military personnel from Nova Scotia|1709 births|1760 deaths|Governors of the Colony of Nova Scotia|40th Regiment of Foot officers|Acadian history|British Army personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession|British military personnel of the French and Indian War|People from Plymouth|Devonshire Regiment officers|54th Regiment of Foot officers|Sherwood Foresters officers|South Lancashire Regiment officers|British Army generals|Infectious disease deaths in Nova Scotia|Deaths from pneumonia |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。