| 词条 | Cheung Po Tsai |
| 释义 |
|name= Cheung Po Tsai |image=張保仔.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name=({{zh|t=張保仔|s=张保仔|p=zhāng bǎo zǎi}}) | native_name_lang = zh | birth_name=Cheung Po ({{zh|t=張保|s=张保|p=zhāng bǎo}}) | birth_date= {{birth year|1783}} | birth_place =Xinhui, Jiangmen, China |death_date= {{death year and age|1822|1783}}[1] | death_place = Penghu, Fujian, China | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = Penghu, Taiwan Province, Taiwan | nationality = China | other_names = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = Qing naval officer, former pirate | known_for = well known Chinese pirate | notable_works = | style = | home_town = Xinhui, Jiangmen, China | criminal_charge = piracy | criminal_penalty = death penalty | criminal_status = amnestied |spouse= {{marriage|Ching Shih|1810|1822}} |children= {{unbulleted list|Cheung Yu Lin (son)|1 daughter}} | parents = Cheng I (adoptive father) Ching Shih (former adoptive mother) | relatives = |nickname= Cheung Po Tsai |alias = |type=Pirate |allegiance= Red Flag Fleet |serviceyears=1798–1810 |base of operations= South China Sea |rank=second-in-command |commands= Red Flag Fleet |battles= Battle of the Tiger's Mouth Naval Battle of Chek Lap Kok |wealth= | laterwork = naval officer of Qing Dynasty (1810–1822) | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | footnotes = }}{{Infobox Chinese |order= |showflag= |t=張保仔 |s=张保仔 |p=Zhāng Bǎozǎi |j=Zoeng1 bou2 zai2 |y=Jēung Bóu Jái |w=Chang Pao Tsai |mi={{IPAc-cmn|zh|ang|1|-|b|ao|3|z|ai|3}} |ci={{IPA-yue|tsɵ́ŋ.pǒu.tsɐ̌i|}} }} Cheung Po Tsai ({{zh|t=張保仔|s=张保仔}}; 1783–1822) was a navy colonel of the Qing Dynasty and former pirate. "Cheung Po Tsai" literally means "Cheung Po the Kid". He was known to the Portuguese Navy as Quan Apon Chay during the Battle of the Tiger's Mouth. HistoryEarly lifeCheung Po ({{zh|t=張保|s=张保}}) was born in 1783, he was a son of a Tanka{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}} fisherman who lived in Xinhui of Jiangmen. Piratical CareerOn about 1798, He was abducted at age 15 by the pirate Cheng I who pressed him into piracy. His natural talent helped him adapt to his unplanned new career and he rose through the rank swiftly. Cheung Po Tsai was later adopted by Cheng I and Ching I Sao ({{zh|s=郑一嫂|t=鄭一嫂|p=zhèng yī sǎo|j=}}; "wife of Cheng I"; married 1801) as their step-son, making him Cheng's legal heir. Cheung Po Tsai's piracy mate and lieutenant was Cai Qian ({{zh|t=蔡牽|s=蔡牵}}) and the two worked together. Cai Qian had strong connections to the Western weapon dealers as his wife Lu Shi ({{zh|t=呂氏|s=吕氏}}), best known by her nickname Cai Qian Ma ({{zh|t=蔡牽媽|s=蔡牵妈}}), was fluent in English and was an expert in Western weaponry.[2] Rise to commandAfter Cheng I died suddenly in Vietnam on 16 November 1807, his widow Ching Shih acted quickly to solidify the partnership with her step-son Cheung Po Tsai which soon became intimate. Their first success came when they are able to secure the loyalty of Cheng’s relatives, who were leaders in the fleet. They became lovers within weeks. As Ching Shih's second-in-command, Cheung Po Tsai was active along the Guangdong coastal area during the Qing Dynasty. Their followers were said to have reached 50,000+ and his fleet said to have possessed 600 ships. The tide began to turn in 1809. The authorities managed to discover that Cai Qian was docked in the coastal town of Wuzhen, Zhejiang province. The new naval leaders, Wang Delu and Qiu Lianggong, blockaded him into the port and attacked. Their cannons sank Cai Qian’s ship and killed him. Battle of the Tiger's Mouth{{Main article|Battle of the Tiger's Mouth}}In September and November 1809, Cheung Po Tsai and Ching Shih pirate fleet suffered a series of defeats inflicted by the Portuguese Navy at the Battle of the Tiger's Mouth and there was no way they would be able to hold out forever. Battle of Chek Lap Kok{{Main article|Naval Battle of Chek Lap Kok}}In the final battle in the Naval Battle of Chek Lap Kok on January 1810, Cheung and Ching surrendered to the Portuguese Navy in January 21. On 20 April 1810 at Furongsha in Guangdong, Cheung Po Tsai formally delivered his fleet and weapons, which now numbered about 280 ships, 2,000 guns and over 25,000 men. The Portuguese claimed naught, while the governor of Guangdong {{Interlanguage link multi|Zhang Bailing|zh|3=張百龄}} accepted his surrender. As Qing Naval OfficerCheung and Ching accepted an amnesty offered by the Qing Dynasty government, ending their career and allowed to keep the loot.[3] Cheung Po Tsai renamed back to his former name and was capitulated to the Qing Dynasty government and became a captain in the Qing's Guangdong navy, receiving the rank of navy colonel. He was given a command of a total of 30 ships, allowed to retain 30 private fleets, and an appointment in Penghu. He would spend the rest of his life helping the government to fight other pirates.[4] Cheung Po and Ching Shih were later married with Governor Bailing as witness. Cheung Po would make future formal visits to the Leal Senado of Macau to meet several of the Portuguese officers who present at the fighting, among them was Gonçalves Carocha. In 1813, Ching Shih gave birth to his son Cheung Yu Lin, she would later had a daughter who was born at an unknown date. DeathAfter Cheung Po died at sea in 1822 at age 39, his widow moved the family to Macau and there she opened a gambling house and a brothel[5] and also into salt trade.[6] The descendants from his son Cheung Yu Lin are currently based in Macao, China. LegacySeveral places in Hong Kong are linked to Cheung Po Tsai:
In popular culture
See also
References1. ^Dian H. Murray 1987, p. 64. 2. ^https://kknews.cc/zh-sg/history/ovplepm.html 3. ^Andrea J. Buchanan, Miriam Peskowitz - 2007 - 279 page 4. ^〈乙〉《靖海氛記》原文標點及箋註 5. ^{{cite news |authorlink=Maggie Koerth-Baker| first=Maggie | last=Koerth | coauthors= | title= Most successful pirate was beautiful and tough | date= 2007-08-28| publisher= | url = http://www.cnn.com/2007/LIVING/worklife/08/27/woman.pirate/index.html | work =CNN | pages = | accessdate = 2007-08-28 | language = English}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://history.people.com.cn/n/2015/0423/c372327-26893081.html|title=盘点古代女富豪：寡妇清身家约白银8亿万两--文史--人民网|last=104098|website=history.people.com.cn|access-date=2018-11-01}} 7. ^Da hai dao at the Internet Movie Database. 8. ^{{Cite web|url = http://hongkongextras.com/harbourtours.html|title = Harbour Tours - Hong Kong Extras|accessdate = 21 August 2013}}
External links{{Commons category|Cheung Po Tsai}}
14 : Cheung Chau|1783 births|1822 deaths|18th-century Chinese people|19th-century Chinese people|19th-century pirates|History of Hong Kong|Chinese adoptees|Chinese pirates|Hong Kong people of Xinhuiese descent|People from Xinhui District|Tanka people|Qing dynasty military personnel|Chinese naval personnel |
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