| 词条 | China Motor Bus |
| 释义 |
|name = China Motor Bus Company |logo = |type = Public company |traded_as = {{sehk|26}} |foundation = 1923 |location = Chai Wan, Hong Kong |key_people = Ngan Kit-ling (Chairman & MD) |industry = Public transport (formerly) Property investment |products = Bus services (formerly) |num_employees = |revenue = $93.5 million (2013/14) }}China Motor Bus Company ({{zh|t=中華汽車有限公司}}), often abbreviated as CMB, was the first motor bus company in Hong Kong, and was responsible for the introduction of double-decker buses to Hong Kong Island. It is now mainly involved in property development [1]after its franchise lapsed in 1998.[2] HistoryNgan Shing-kwan and Wong Yiu Nam formed a business in 1923 to provide services on Kowloon Peninsula. Prior to that, Ngan had operated a rickshaw business also on Kowloon Peninsula. In 1933, the company received the exclusive bus franchise from the Government of Hong Kong to operate routes on Hong Kong Island.[3]After World War II, the network of CMB's routes expanded with exploding population on the island. New buses were purchased to increase ridership. In the mid-1970s, a livery of buff upper body and a blue lower body was adopted. CMB adopt the policy to improve its service during the 1970s, including introducing the first type of rear-engine bus (Daimler Fleetline) and reforming the route number system. In 1976 CMB earned over $20 million HK dollars, the highest in the company history. With the opening of the MTR Island Line in the 1985, and CMB's reputation of outdated ethos and poor services over the years, ridership on CMB declined. On 29/30 November 1989, CMB employees started a massive strike, after broken negotiations on their pension funds. During the strike, all CMB services on the island were halted, to the extent that the government was forced to use police vehicles to facilitate commuting to and from the Southern District. After the incident, the relationship between CMB and the government worsened, leading to the government to adopt more directive policies in respect of CMB. Meanwhile, competitors such as Citybus had successfully lured passengers from CMB's franchised routes to their own residential routes. The establishment of route 37R as a residential route by Citybus illustrates this fact. The service provided more comfortable seats, air-conditioned fleet, and a more direct route (via Aberdeen Tunnel) from Chi Fu Fa Yuen to Central. Citybus was able to compete against CMB by charging only the fare of non-air-conditioned, uncomfortable and indirect CMB counterparts like routes 40 and 37 (which took Pok Fu Lam Road instead). The residential route was later converted into a franchise route, 37M, that still continued to be operated by Citybus. In 1993, the government redistributed 26 routes to Citybus, citing poor service levels. In 1995, a further 14 were transferred.[4][5] In February 1998, the government announced the franchise for all 140 routes operated by China Motor Bus would not be reviewed when it expired on 31 August 1998. Eighty-eight of the routes were placed to open tender, 12 routes were transferred directly to Citybus, one cross-harbour route to Kowloon Motor Bus, and the remaining routes were cancelled.[6][7][8][9] NWFB commenced operations with around 50 new buses and 710 former CMB buses.[9] Current statusSince losing its franchise, its main business focus shifted to real estate, by developing former bus depot properties which it owned.[3][10] There was a free shuttle bus service operated by the company between Island Place (one of the CMB's real estate developments) near the North Point MTR station and North Point Government Offices with a Volvo B6LE, acquired from Citybus, along with eight Marshall C37 bodied Dennis Darts. However, this service ceased on 30 June 2015 as the new environmental protection ordinance enforced to phase out pre Euro IV diesel commercial vehicles.[11][12] China Motor Bus has also purchased some properties in London.[10] FleetBesides the eight Dennis Dart Coach Express retained to operate the free shuttle service, most of the fleet was transferred to New World First Bus in 1998 after the end of CMB's franchise. Two Volvo Olympian air-conditioned buses were retained, being sold to Citybus in 2001[13] with a Volvo B6LE acquired in return. Some of the buses transferred to New World First Bus were later sold to City Sightseeing in Australia and The Original Tour in London.[14] HistoricPartial list of historic bus types operated by CMB:
Depots
References1. ^[https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-profile/0026.HK China Motor Bus information on Reuters, 2018-05-20] 2. ^[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB887736927707200500 Citing Poor Service, Hong Kong Cancels China Motor Contract, Wall Street Journal 1998-02-18 Retrieved 2018-05-20] 3. ^1 Eli Lau and Vanessa Gould, He started pulling rickshaws, created a bus company and died frugal but rich {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314033011/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=14572&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=20010419&sear_year=2001 |date=14 March 2012 }}, The Standard, 19 April 2001 4. ^"Hong Kong Buses Part 1: China Motor Bus Co" Fleetline issue 247 page 52 5. ^History Citybus 6. ^Daily Information Bulletin Hong Kong Government Information Services 17 February 1998 7. ^Panel on Transport (Minutes) Provisional Legislative Council 21 February 1998 8. ^[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/uk-bus-operator-wins-pounds-55m-franchise-1153789.html UK bus operator wins £55m franchise] The Independent 1 April 1998 9. ^1 Panel on Transport (Papers) Legislative Council Panel on Transport 31 July 1998 10. ^1 Annual Report Year Ended 30 June 2014 China Motor Bus Co 11. ^[https://www.hongkongfp.com/2015/06/30/bus-lovers-scramble-to-take-pics-of-final-cmb-service/ Bus lovers scramble to take pics of final CMB service] Hong Kong Free Press 30 June 2015 12. ^"End of the road for China Motor Bus" Buses issue 726 September 2015 page 16 13. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20050409185022/http://www.citybus.com.hk/eng/geninfo/fleet/fleet_detail.asp?fleet_id=21 9041-9042] Citybus 14. ^City Explorer Australian Bus Fleet Lists External links
4 : Bus companies of Hong Kong|Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange|Land developers of Hong Kong|1933 establishments in Hong Kong |
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