“Chorath”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Cherith ({{lang-he-n|נַחַל כְּרִית}} {{transl|he|Naḥal Kərīṯ}}) or sometimes Chorath ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɔr|ɑː|θ}}; from {{lang-gr|Χειμάῤῥους Χοῤῥάθ}} {{transl|grc|cheimárrhous Chorrháth}}, lit. "Wadi^[1] Chorath"), is the name of a stream or wadi mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] The prophet Elijah hid himself on the banks of the Cherith and was fed by ravens during the early part of the three years' drought which he announced to King Ahab ({{Bibleref2|1 Kings 17:3}}).

Etymology and toponymy

Cherith comes from the Hebrew root חרת (kh*r*t) meaning to cut off or cut down.^[10]^[11] The name also signifies to engrave or carve, a cutting, separation, gorge, torrent-bed, or winter-stream.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} Cherith is referred to as a nahal in Hebrew (נחל, {{transl|he|DIN|naḥal}}), a seasonal stream known in English as a wadi, from the Arabic term وادي ({{transl|ar|DIN|wādī}}).{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

Identification

Wadi al-Yabis

It is usually identified with Wadi al-Yabis, a stream in western Jordan, which flows into the Jordan River at a spot opposite of Beit She'an and slightly south of it.^[12] Travellers have described it as one of the wildest ravines of the Fertile Crescent, and peculiarly fitted to afford a secure asylum to the persecuted. During the summer, the stream is very dry.^[13] Olive trees grow on its banks, and it is home to an array of wildlife including gazelle, hyrax, and egret.^[14]

According to the 1994 Peace treaty between Israel and Jordan, Israel can maintain its use of the Jordan River waters between the Yarmouk and Wadi al-Yabis.^[15]^[16]

Wadi Kelt

Alternatively, the stream Cherith has been identified by some with Wadi Kelt at St. George's Monastery.^[17] If 1 Kings 17:3 is to be translated "Wadi Cherith, which is east of the Jordan", this identification would be in contradiction to the Bible, since Wadi Qelt is west of it. The King James version states Elijah should "turn eastward" (from Samaria); therefore the brook could be anywhere east of Samaria (Now Sebastia, West Bank), on either side of the River Jordan. ^[18]Some translations (i.e. the Orthodox Jewish Bible: [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+17%3A3&version=OJB]) allow such an interpretation, by stating that Cherith is merely "near the Yarden" (Yarden being the Hebrew name of the River Jordan).

Wadi at Phasaelis

Marino Sanuto the Elder commented in 1321 that the stream extended into Phasaelis, which was named after Prince Phasael, the brother of King Herod.^[19]{{dubious|Which stream?|date=April 2015}} This identification would again contradict the more common translation of 1 Kings 17:3 (see above: Wadi Kelt), since Phasaelis has been identified at a spot west, not east of the Jordan.

Other uses of the name

The name is also a Mizrahi Jewish surname, specifically among Jews of Yemenite extraction. They descend from the tribe of Bnei Chorath which is of Qahtanite origin and was once one of the most important tribes of the city of Najran.^[20]

References

1. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=0MzO2GD62JUC&pg=PA339&lpg=PA339&dq=%22Cheimarrhous%22&source=bl&ots=OrqxDLbaWr&sig=QNGYcfI1gNrUVMb43REO5oMy2jU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjCg8yF_f3QAhXHMVAKHXqXA-8Q6AEIIzAC#v=onepage&q=%22Cheimarrhous%22&f=false] Frederick Fyvie Bruce, The Gospel of John: Introduction, Exposition, Notes, p. 339. Eerdmans, 3rd edition (1994)
2. ^{{cite web|title= A dictionary of the Bible; comprising its antiquities, biography, geography, and natural history| url = http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/drayton-griffin-and-smith/a-dictionary-of-the-bible-comprising-its-antiquities-biography-geography-and-678/page-78-a-dictionary-of-the-bible-comprising-its-antiquities-biography-geography-and-678.shtml|publisher= CHE'RITH, THE BROOK |accessdate= 26 August 2011}}
3. ^{{cite book |last=Keller |first=David |year=2011 |title=Desert Banquet: A Year of Wisdom from the Desert Mothers and Fathers |accessdate=September 19, 2014}}
4. ^{{cite journal|first=M.|last=Waheeb|title=The Discovery of Elijah’s Hill and John’s Site of the Baptism, East of the Jordan River from the Description of Pilgrims and Travellers|journal=Asian Social Science |volume=8 |year=2012 |laysummary=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531134104/ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/download/18526/12289}}
5. ^{{cite journal |first=S. |last=Fitzgerald |title=The Origins and Continuity of a Hagiographic Habit |journal=Apostolic Geography |laysummary=https://www.academia.edu/1498053/Apostolic_Geography_The_Origins_and_Continuity_of_a_Hagiographic_Habit }}
6. ^{{cite web|title= The Life Of John The Elder And The Cave Of Sapsas |url=http://saintlukecolumbia.org/orthodoxy-articles/2011/3/28/the-life-of-john-the-elder-and-the-cave-of-sapsas.html |publisher=St. Luke the Evangelist Greek Orthodox Church |accessdate=18 September 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web|title= The Peraea and the Dead Sea | url=http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/mad/sources/sources017.html|publisher= The Madaba Mosaic Map|accessdate= 26 August 2011}}
8. ^{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Scott Fitzgerald |year=2016 |title=Literary Territories: Cartographical Thinking in Late Antiquity |accessdate=January 23, 2016}}
9. ^{{cite book |last=Pustet |first=Anton |year=1901 |title=Studien und Mitteilungen zur Geschichte des Benediktinerordens und seiner Zweige |accessdate=September 19, 2014}}
10. ^Kerith on Bible Hub, "Word Origin: from karath"
11. ^Definition of karath, New American Standard: Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible via Bible Hub
12. ^{{cite book |last=Armstrong |first=George |year=1895 |title=Names and places in the Old and New Testament and apocrypha: With their modern identifications |accessdate=March 14, 2014}}
13. ^{{cite book |last=Easton |first=Matthew George |year=1897 |title=The Bible Dictionary: Your Biblical Reference Book |edition=1st |accessdate=August 19, 2012}}
14. ^{{cite web |title=The Peraea and the Dead Sea |url= http://www.jordanbeauty.com/WadiAl-Yabis.html |publisher=Jordan Beauty |accessdate=19 August 2012}}
15. ^Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty Annex II, Article 2.3, accessed 30 October 2017
16. ^{{cite book |last=Shapland |first=Greg |title=Rivers of Discord: International Water Disputes in the Middle East |edition=1st |year=1997 |accessdate=August 19, 2012}}
17. ^{{cite web |title=The Life Of John The Elder And The Cave Of Sapsas |url= http://saintlukecolumbia.org/orthodoxy-articles/2011/3/28/the-life-of-john-the-elder-and-the-cave-of-sapsas.html |publisher=St. Luke the Evangelist Greek Orthodox Church |accessdate=9 July 2016}}
18. ^King James Bible; 1 Kings 17:3
19. ^{{cite book |last=Armstrong |first=George |year=1895 |title=Names and places in the old and new testament and apocrypha: With their modern identifications |accessdate=March 14, 2014}}
20. ^Norman A. Stillman, The Jews of Arab lands: A history and source book, p. 117