“German submarine U-228”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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German submarine U-228

释义

Design
References
Bibliography
External links

{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=

Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career

Hide header=

Ship country=Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany|naval}}

Ship name=U-228

Ship ordered=7 December 1940

Ship builder=Germaniawerft, Kiel

Ship yard number=658

Ship laid down =18 October 1941

Ship launched=30 July 1942

Ship commissioned=12 September 1942

Ship struck=5 October 1944

Ship homeport=

Ship motto=

Ship nickname=

Ship fate=Broken up, 1944-45

Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header=

Header caption=

Ship class=Type VIIC submarine

Ship displacement=

{{convert|769|t|LT|0}} surfaced
{{convert|871|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged

Ship length=

{{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
{{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull

Ship beam=

{{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
{{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull

9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

Ship power=

{{convert|2800|–|3200|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}} (diesels)
{{convert|750|PS|kW shp|abbr=on}} (electric)

Ship propulsion=

2 shafts
2 × diesel engines
2 × electric motors

ship speed=

{{convert|17.7|kn}} surfaced
{{convert|7.6|kn}} submerged

Ship range=

{{convert|8500|nmi|abbr=on|lk=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
{{convert|80|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged

Ship test depth=

{{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
Crush depth: {{convert|250|–|295|m|ft|abbr=on}}

Ship complement=4 officers, 40–56 enlisted

Ship sensors=

Ship EW=

Ship armament=

5 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern)
14 × torpedoes or 26 TMA mines
1 × {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} deck gun (220 rounds)
1 x {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 AA gun

Ship notes=
}}{{Service record

is_ship=yes

label=Service record^[1]^[2]

partof=

5th U-boat Flotilla
12 September 1942 – 28 February 1943
6th U-boat Flotilla
1 March 1943 – 5 October 1944

codes=

commanders=

Kptlt. Erwin Christophersen
12 September 1942 – August 1944
Kptlt. Herbert Engel
August – 5 October 1944

operations=

1st patrol: 6 February – 29 March 1943
2nd patrol: 4 May – 19 July 1943
3rd patrol: 27 September – 20 December 1943
4th patrol: 19–26 March 1944
5th patrol: 6–16 June 1944
6th patrol: 12 August – 20 September 1944

victories=None
}}

German submarine U-228 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.

Built at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel, the U-boat was laid down on 18 October 1941, launched on 30 July 1942 and commissioned on 12 September 1942. U-228 served with the 5th U-boat Flotilla for training, and later with the 6th U-boat Flotilla from 1 March 1943 to 5 October 1944 as a front-line boat.^[1] U-228 completed six patrols without sinking any ships, but shot down two aircraft. She was damaged at Bergen, Norway, struck on 5 October 1944 and later broken up.^[1]

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-228 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-228 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u228.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-228 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2009-12-23}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u228.html |title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-228 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2009-12-23}}

Bibliography

{{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 | ref = harv}}
{{cite book

|last1=Busch
|first1=Rainer
|last2=Röll
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|work=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|volume=IV
|publisher=Mittler
|location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn
|year=1999
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|language=German
|ref=harv
}}

{{cite book

|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}

{{cite book

|last=Bishop
|first=Chris
|title=Kriegsmarine U-Boats, 1939-45
|publisher=Amber Books
|location=London
|year=2006
|isbn=978-1-904687-96-2
|ref=harv
}}{{Refend}}

External links

{{Cite web

|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u228.html
|title=The Type VIIC boat U-228
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=26 December 2014
}}

{{cite web

|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0228.html
|title=U 228
|last=Hofmann
|first=Markus
|website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de
|language=German
|accessdate=26 December 2014
}}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{October 1944 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=Submarine
| portal3=World War II
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0228}}

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