| 词条 | Gin Tama |
| 释义 |
| name = Gin Tama | image = Gintamavol01cover.jpg | alt = The image features a jumping silver-haired person with a surprised expression and holding up one arm. He wears a white and light blue kimono, a pair of black boots and pants. Only one arm is covered by the kimono. He has a wooden-sword being held by a black belt. The background features the Universe, a large number of stars, and in the bottom the Earth. The kanji 銀魂 (Gintama) is below, being written light blue and red letters with a golden spiral shown in the back. Under the kanji, the number "1" is shown, in the right words 天然パーマに悪いやつはいない (Tennen Pāma ni Warui Yatsu wa Inai) and above credits to the publisher (Jump Comics) and the author (Hideaki Sorachi). | caption = Cover of the first manga volume | ja_kanji = 銀魂 | ja_romaji = Gintama | genre = Adventure, comedy,[1] science fiction[2] }}{{Infobox animanga/Print | type = manga | author = Hideaki Sorachi | publisher = Shueisha | publisher_en = {{English manga publisher | NA = Viz Media }} | demographic = Shōnen | magazine = Weekly Shōnen Jump (2003–2018) Jump Giga (2018–2019) Gintama app (2019–present) | magazine_en = {{English manga magazine | NA = Shonen Jump }} | first = December 8, 2003 | volumes = 77 | volume_list = List of Gin Tama chapters }}{{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | director = Shinji Takamatsu {{small|(Episodes 1–105)}} Yoichi Fujita {{small|(Episodes 100–265)}} Chizuru Miyawaki {{small|(Episodes 266–present)}} | producer = | writer = Akatsuki Yamatoya {{small|(Episodes 1–265)}} | music = Audio Highs | studio = Sunrise {{small|(Episodes 1–265)}} Bandai Namco Pictures {{small|(Episodes 266–present)}} | licensee = {{English anime licensee | NA = Sentai Filmworks {{small|(Episodes 1–49)}} Crunchyroll {{small|(season 3–)}} }} | network = TV Tokyo | network_en = | first = April 4, 2006 | last = October 7, 2018 | episodes = 367 + 6 OVA | episode_list = List of Gintama episodes }}{{Infobox animanga/Print | type = light novel | title = Class 3Z Ginpachi-sensei | author = Tomohito Ōsaki | illustrator = Hideaki Sorachi | publisher = Shueisha | demographic = Male | imprint = Jump jBooks | magazine = | first = February 3, 2006 | last = | volumes = 5 | volume_list = }}{{Infobox animanga/Other | title = Anime films | content =
}}{{Infobox animanga/Other | title = Live-action film | content =
}}{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}{{Nihongo|Gin Tama|銀魂|Gin Tama|"Silver Soul"|lead=yes}} is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Hideaki Sorachi and serialized, beginning on December 8, 2003, in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump. Set in Edo which has been conquered by aliens named Amanto, the plot follows life from the point of view of samurai Gintoki Sakata, who works as a freelancer alongside his friends Shinpachi Shimura and Kagura in order to pay the monthly rent. Sorachi added the science fiction setting to develop characters to his liking after his editor suggested doing a historical series. The series has been adapted into an original video animation (OVA) by Sunrise and was featured at Jump Festa 2006 Anime Tour in 2005. This was followed by a full anime series, which debuted on April 4, 2006, on TV Tokyo and finished on March 25, 2010. A sequel titled Gintama{{'}} first premiered in Japan on April 4, 2011 and ended on March 26, 2012, before returning once again for a brief run from October 4, 2012 to March 28, 2013. A continuation of the TV anime series titled Gintama° began airing on April 8, 2015, and ended on March 30, 2016. Two animated films have also been produced. Besides the anime series, there have been various light novels and video games based on Gin Tama. A live action film adaptation of the same name was released on July 14, 2017 in Japan by Warner Bros. Pictures.[3] A new anime series continuing after the events in the Gintama° anime series, named Gintama. premiered on January 9, 2017. The manga has been licensed by Viz Media in North America. In addition to publishing the individual volumes of the series, Viz serialized its first chapters in their Shonen Jump manga anthology. It debuted in the January 2007 issue, and was serialized at a rate of one chapter a month. Sentai Filmworks initially licensed the series. The website Crunchyroll purchased the anime's streaming rights and home video rights. In Japan, the Gin Tama manga has been popular, with over 55 million copies in print, making it one of the best-selling manga series. The anime and its DVDs have been featured, at various times, in Top Ten rankings of their respective media, while TV Tokyo has announced that the first Gin Tama anime was responsible for high sales overseas along with the anime adaptation from Naruto. Publications for manga, anime and others have commented on the Gin Tama manga. Positive responses have focused on the comedy and characters from the series, as well as its overarching plot and action choreography. Plot{{See also|List of Gin Tama characters}}The story is set in an alternate late-Edo period, where humanity is attacked by aliens called {{nihongo|"Amanto"|天人||"Sky People"}}, and the samurai of Japan join the battle against the aliens, but when the shōgun realizes the power of aliens, he betrays the samurai and surrenders to the aliens. The shōgun writes an unequal contract with aliens which allows the aliens to enter the country and places a ban on carrying swords in public. The swords of samurai are taken away so they can no longer resist the aliens. After that, the shogunate becomes a puppet government. The plot is focused on an eccentric samurai, Gintoki Sakata (a.k.a. Odd Jobs Gin), who helps a teenager named Shinpachi Shimura save his sister Tae from a group of aliens who want to make her part of a brothel. Impressed with Gintoki, Shinpachi becomes his apprentice and works with him as a freelance odd-jobs man in order to pay the monthly rent on Gintoki's combination home and office, as well as to know more about him. The two of them rescue a teenage alien girl named Kagura from a group of Yakuza who wanted to use her superhuman strength to kill people. Kagura joins Shinpachi and Gintoki to work as freelancers and the three become known as {{nihongo|"Yorozuya"|万事屋||"We do everything" or literally "The Anything Store"}}. While doing their job, they encounter the police force Shinsengumi several times, who normally ally with Odd Jobs Gin in their work since the jobs commonly involve dangerous criminals. They eventually meet some of Gintoki's former comrades from the fight against the Amanto's invasion, including the revolutionary Kotaro Katsura who maintains a friendly relationship with them despite his terrorist activities against the bakufu. On the other hand, Shinsuke Takasugi acts as a major antagonist throughout the series, as he wants to destroy the bakufu and sees his former comrades as enemies. Although the series' story is commonly episodic, there are also a few story arcs which are developed through several chapters.[4] Across several story arcs Takasugi starts gaining allies including Kagura's brother, Kamui, and the elite unit Mimawarigumi to prepare for his large scale coup d'état. Following the assassination of the ruling shōgun, Shige Shige Tokugawa, the Shinsengumi rebel against the new shōgun Hitotsubashi Nobunobu. After the Introduction of Utsuro as the shows main villain during the 'Farewell, Shinsengumi' arc, the plot then shifts to Gintoki along with his friends and enemies trying to stop Utsuro from destroying both Earth and the Universe. Themes and styleHideaki Sorachi's main focus in Gin Tama is the use of gags; during the manga's second year of serialization he started to add more drama to the story while still keeping the comedy.[5] Various jokes from the manga are comments regarding clichés from other shōnen series. For example, in the first chapter after Gintoki fights a group of aliens to protect Shinpachi and Tae, Shinpachi complains that he only fought for "one page" and Gintoki replies, "Shut up! One page is a long time for a manga artist!" Gintoki's exaggerated desire to read the Weekly Shōnen Jump (which causes him to fight other readers in order to get it) also makes fun of shōnen, since during those parts characters quote them.[6][5] Other types of comic situations are more general, so that the reader must know about Japanese culture to understand them.[8] The humour is described by publications as being "bizarre" and "weird". It is also described as being divided between two categories: "sci-fi comedy" and a "samurai comedy" with the former referring to the aliens.[6] It tends to point out "an irritating foible about modern society" including celebrations days or famous mythical figures.[4] Additionally, there are references to several historical figures with a few characters from the story being based on them.[11] Besides the series' comedy, the aliens' invasion in Japan bring several social issues between them and the humans with the most recurring one being the lack of social equality.[7] As a result, one of the main themes involves society trying to preserve their own way of living rather than fulfilling a dream like in other shōnen series.[13] ProductionIn 2003, Hideaki Sorachi was an up-and-coming manga artist who had already created two one-shots for the Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine.[8] Although he was preparing to write his first serialized series, his editor suggested he create a manga series based on the Shinsengumi, mostly inspired by an upcoming TV-drama about the 1860s troupe as depicted by idol actors. Sorachi attempted to create this series since he admitted to liking the Shinsengumi, but ultimately failed to get anything off the ground. Instead of abandoning the idea completely, he remained focused on the historical Japanese era but began to create his own story, adding in elements of science fiction and fictionalizing many of the figures from the era to create a story more to his own liking.[9] The original title of the series was meant to be {{nihongo|"Yorozuya Gin-san"|万事屋銀さん||lit. "Odd Jobs Gin-san"}}, but it did not have any impact on Sorachi. After great debate, he decided to go with the name Gin Tama after discussing it with his family, deciding on a name that sounded close to the edge without being completely off it.[10] Although Sorachi considered the one-shot "Samuraider" to be very poor, the setting of such one-shot served as the base for Gin Tama such as the addition of alien characters.[11] Sorachi liked the Bakumatsu and Sengoku periods due to how both were eras of change and thus presented the positive and negative points of humanity. The series was then set in an alternate Bakumatsu to give a bigger significance to the characters' bushido as in that time samurais were at the low point of their lives.[12] The main character of the series was originally meant to be Toshiro Hijikata as Sorachi was a fan of the Shinsengumi, most notably from Hijikata Toshizō (the Shinsengumi who was the base for the one of Gin Tama), after he saw the film Burn! Sword!. When Sorachi could not "shake off" Hijikata's initial design, he decided not to use him as the lead character, but added him along with the Shinsengumi to the story.[10] The pilot chapter from the series had a different plot to the one from the serialization: Shinpachi already met Gintoki in the story and there were more Shinsengumi to the story such as one based on Harada Sanosuke. As all these new Shinsengumi were older than most of the recurring characters from the series, Sorachi removed them thinking they were not entertaining.[13] When asked by a fan, Sorachi mentioned that most characters from the series are based on real-life Edo citizens while Gintoki's character is roughly based on the folk hero Sakata no Kintoki.[14] When starting serialization the manga was unpopular and was close to being cancelled. Although Sorachi was pleased with the first tankōbon selling all of its copies, he later learned Shueisha was afraid of poor sales which resulted in the minimum printed.[16] In order to increase its popularity, the author introduce new characters, the Shinsengumi, who felt memorable to his assistants.[12] Sorachi had little hope on the manga's popularity, as he noted that people used to tell him the manga would not surpass the number of two tankōbon volumes. However, once the third volume was released, Sorachi found that he did not have "any fresh material to use."[17] During the first year of the series, Sorachi believed that the source of the popularity of Gin Tama was partially connected to the Shinsengumi drama. While the drama ran during the first year of the series, when the manga was mostly shorter stories that established the characters and the world, he felt uncomfortable of making things related to the drama. By the second year and beyond, he became more daring in his stories and concepts, creating longer storylines that included more drama while keeping his sense of humor and satirization of modern Japan by way of his fictionalized past.[18] Although Sorachi has already planned the series' ending, he is not sure when the manga is going to reach that point due to the characters requiring development to behave the way he wants.[16]When working on a chapter of Gintama, Sorachi sometimes has problems finishing the manuscript, leaving his supervisor to take it before he can revise it. He figures out what to write by staying in his room or going for a walk.[19] Although he commented that some of his ideas are "random," he focuses on the fact that they are all related to the manga, and when he has problems coming up with ideas, Sorachi is often helped by his editor.[20] Thinking of Gin Tama as a "non-sense manga," before writing a chapter, Sorachi decides whether it should be a comedy or a drama. Sorachi defines Gin Tama as a "science fiction human drama pseudo-historical comedy."[21] When Sorachi is illustrating Gin Tama, he usually uses a felt-tip pen, a fountain pen, a brush-tip pen, and a multiliner, but for the major characters he only uses a felt-tip pen and a fountain pen, and does their outlines with a multiliner-0.8.[22] |