词条 | Christie's |
释义 |
| name = Christie's | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = Christie's King Street.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Christie's in King Street, St James's | type = | traded_as = | foundation = {{start date and age|1766}} | location_city = London | location_country = United Kingdom | key_people = François-Henri Pinault Guillaume Cerutti (CEO) | area_served = Worldwide | industry = Art, auctions | products = Painting, modern art, fine arts, pop art | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | subsid = | num_employees = | parent = Groupe Artémis | homepage = {{URL|christies.com}} }}Christie's is a British auction house. It was founded in 1766 by James Christie. Its main premises are on King Street, St James's, in London and in the Rockefeller Center in New York City.[1] The company is owned by Groupe Artémis, the holding company of François-Henri Pinault.[2] Sales in 2015 totalled £4.8 billion (US$7.4 billion).[3] In 2017 the Salvator Mundi was sold for $450.3 million at Christie's, and which at that time was the highest price ever paid for a single painting at an auction.[4] HistoryFoundingThe official company literature states that founder James Christie conducted the first sale in London, England, on 5 December 1766,[5] and the earliest auction catalogue the company retains is from December 1766. However, other sources note that James Christie rented auction rooms from 1762, and newspaper advertisements for Christie's sales dating from 1759 have also been traced.[6] 1979–2000Christie's was a public company, listed on the London Stock Exchange, from 1973 to 1999. In 1974, Jo Floyd was appointed chairman of Christie's. He served as chairman of Christie's International plc from 1976 to 1988, until handing over to Lord Carrington, and later was a non-executive director until 1992.[7] Christie's International Inc. held its first sale in the United States in 1977. Christie's growth was slow but steady since 1989, when it had 42% of the auction market.[8] In 1990, the company reversed a long-standing policy and guaranteed a minimum price for a collection of artworks in its May auctions.[9] In 1996, sales exceeded those of Sotheby's for the first time since 1954.[10] However, profits did not grow at the same pace;[11] from 1993 through 1997, Christie's annual pretax profits were about $60 million, whereas Sotheby's annual pretax profits were about $265 million for those years.[12] In 1993, Christie's paid $12.7 million for the London gallery Spink & Son, which specialised in Oriental art and British paintings; the gallery was run as a separate entity. The company bought Leger Gallery for $3.3 million in 1996, and merged it with Spink to become Spink-Leger.[13] Spink-Leger closed in 2002. To make itself competitive with Sotheby's in the property market, Christie's bought Great Estates in 1995, then the largest network of independent estate agents in North America, changing its name to Christie's Great Estates Inc.[8] 1998 takeoverIn December 1997, under the chairmanship of Lord Hindlip, Christie's put itself on the auction block, but after two months of negotiations with the consortium-led investment firm SBC Warburg Dillon Read it did not attract a bid high enough to accept.[12] In May 1998, François Pinault's holding company, Groupe Artémis S.A., first bought 29.1 percent of the company for $243.2 million, and subsequently purchased the rest of it in a deal that valued the entire company at $1.2 billion.[11] The company has since not been reporting profits, though it gives sale totals twice a year. Its policy, in line with UK accounting standards, is to convert non-UK results using an average exchange rate weighted daily by sales throughout the year.[14] In 2002, Christie's France held its first auction in Paris.[15] Like Sotheby's, Christie's became increasingly involved in high-profile private transactions. In 2006, Christie's offered a reported $21 million guarantee to the Donald Judd Foundation and displayed the artist's works for five weeks in an exhibition that later won an AICA award for "Best Installation in an Alternative Space".[16] In 2007 it brokered a $68 million deal that transferred Thomas Eakins's The Gross Clinic (1875) from the Jefferson Medical College at the Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia to joint ownership by the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.[17] In the same year, the Haunch of Venison gallery[18] became a subsidiary of the company.[19] On 28 December 2008, The Sunday Times reported that Pinault's debts left him "considering" the sale of Christie's and that a number of "private equity groups" were thought to be interested in its acquisition.[20] In January 2009, the company employed 2,100 people worldwide, though an unspecified number of staff and consultants were soon to be cut due to a worldwide downturn in the art market;[21] later news reports said that 300 jobs would be cut.[22] With sales for premier Impressionist, Modern, and contemporary artworks tallying only US$248.8 million in comparison to US$739 million just a year before, a second round of job cuts began after May 2009.[23] Guy Bennett resigned just before to the beginning of the summer 2009 sales season.[24] Although the economic downturn has encouraged some collectors to sell art, others are unwilling to sell in a market which may yield only bargain prices.[22] 2010 onwardsOn 1 January 2017, Guillaume Cerutti was appointed chief executive officer.[25] Patricia Barbizet was appointed chief executive officer of Christie's in 2014, the first female CEO of the company.[26] She replaced Steven Murphy, who had been hired in 2010 to develop their online presence and launch in new markets, such as China.[27] In 2012, Impressionist works, which dominated the market during the 1980s boom, were replaced by contemporary art as Christie's top category. Asian art was the third most-lucrative area.[14] With income from classic auctioneering falling, treaty sales made £413.4 million ($665 million) in the first half of 2012, an increase of 53% on the same period last year; they now represent more than 18% of turnover.[28] The company has promoted curated events, centred on a theme rather than an art classification or time period.[29] As part of a companywide review in 2017, Christie's announced the layoffs of 250 employees, or 12 percent of the total work force, based mainly in Britain and Europe.[30] CommissionsFrom 2008 until 2013, Christie's charged 25 percent for the first $50,000; 20 percent on the amount between $50,001 and $1 million, and 12 percent on the rest. From 2013, it charged 25 percent for the first $75,000; 20 percent on the next $75,001 to $1.5 million and 12 percent on the rest.[31] LocationsChristie's main London salesroom is on King Street in St. James's, where it has been based since 1823. It had a second London salesroom in South Kensington which opened in 1975 and primarily handled the middle market. Christie's permanently closed the South Kensington salesroom in July 2017 as part of their restructuring plans announced March 2017. The closure was due in part to a considerable decrease in sales between 2015 and 2016 in addition to the company expanding its online sales presence.[32][33] The company opened a branch on Park Avenue in New York City in 1977; in 1997 it took a 30-year lease on a {{convert|300000|sqft|m2|order=flip|-3|abbr=on}} space in Rockefeller Center for $40 million.[34] Until 2001, Christie's East, a division that sold lower-priced art and objects, was located at 219 East 67th Street. In 1996, Christie's bought a townhouse on East 59th Street in Manhattan as a separate gallery where experts could show clients art in complete privacy to conduct private treaty sales.[8] Christie's opened a Beverly Hills salesroom in 1997.[35] In January 2009,[21] Christie's had 85 offices in 43 countries, including New York City, Los Angeles, Paris, Geneva, Houston, Amsterdam, Moscow, Vienna, Buenos Aires, Berlin, Rome, South Korea, Milan, Madrid, Japan, China, Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Bangkok, Tel Aviv, Dubai, and Mexico City. In early 2017, Christie's announced plans to close its secondary South Kensington salesroom at the end of the year and scale back its operation in Amsterdam.[30] In April 2017, Christie’s is to open a 4,500 square feet two-story flagship space in Beverly Hills, California.[36] Price-fixing scandalIn 2000, allegations surfaced of a price-fixing arrangement between Christie's and Sotheby's. Executives from Christie's subsequently alerted the Department of Justice of their suspicions of commission-fixing collusion. Christie's gained immunity from prosecution in the United States as a longtime employee of Christie's confessed and cooperated with the US Federal Bureau of Investigation. Numerous members of Sotheby's senior management were fired soon thereafter, and A. Alfred Taubman, the largest shareholder of Sotheby's at the time, took most of the blame; he and Dede Brooks (the CEO) were given jail sentences, and Christie's, Sotheby's and their owners also paid a civil lawsuit settlement of $512 million.[37][38][39] Notable auctions{{refimprove section|date=April 2012}}
Christie's Fine Art Storage Services (CFASS)Christie's first ventured into storage services for outside clients in 1984, when it opened a 100,000 square feet brick warehouse in London that was granted "Exempted Status" by HM Revenue and Customs,[72] meaning that property may be imported into the United Kingdom and stored without incurring import duties and VAT. Christie's Fine Art Storage Services, or CFASS, is a wholly owned subsidiary that runs Christie's storage operation. In September 2008, Christie's signed a 50-year lease on an early 1900s warehouse of the historic New York Dock Company[73] in Red Hook, Brooklyn, and subsequently spent $30 million converting it into a six-storey, 250,000 square feet[74] art-storage facility.[72] The facility opened in 2010 and features high-tech security and climate controls that maintain a virtually constant 70° and 50% relative humidity.[75] Since 2009, Christie's has been the main tenant of the Singapore FreePort, taking up 40 per cent of the space to offer its fine art storage services to its global clients. Located near the Upper Bay tidal waterway near the Atlantic Ocean, the Brooklyn facility was hit by at least one storm surge during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. CFASS subsequently faced client defections and complaints arising from damage to works of art.[73] In 2013, AXA Art Insurance filed a lawsuit in New York court alleging that CFASS' "gross negligence" during the hurricane damaged art collected by late cellist Gregor Piatigorsky and his wife Jacqueline Rebecca Louise de Rothschild.[76] Later that year, StarNet Insurance Co., the insurer for the LeRoy Neiman Foundation and the artist's estate, also filed a lawsuit in New York Supreme Court claiming that the storage company's negligence caused more than $10 million in damages to Neiman's art.[77] VenturesChristie's Education offers graduate programmes in London and New York, and non-degree programmes in London, Paris, New York and Melbourne.[78] With Bonhams, Christie's is a shareholder in the London-based Art Loss Register, a privately owned database used by law enforcement services worldwide to trace and recover stolen art.[79] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.christies.com/about/locations/|work=Christies.com|title=Christie's locations}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.groupeartemis.com/en/p4/p4_2_1.htm|title=Christie's|work=Groupe Artémis|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419181959/http://www.groupeartemis.com/en/p4/p4_2_1.htm|archivedate=19 April 2012|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-26/christie-s-sales-fall-5-as-froth-comes-off-global-art-market|title=Christie's Sales Fall 5% as `Froth' Comes off Global Art Market|date=26 January 2016|publisher=|via=www.bloomberg.com}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/nov/16/salvator-mundi-leonardo-da-vinci-most-expensive-painting-ever-sold-auction|title=How Salvator Mundi became the most expensive painting ever sold at auction|first1=Hannah|last1=Ellis-Petersen|first2=Mark|last2=Brown|date=16 November 2017|publisher=|via=www.theguardian.com}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.christies.com/features/welcome/|title=Christies.com – About Us|quote=James Christie conducted the first sale in London on 5 December 1766.|accessdate=3 December 2008}} 6. ^Gazetteer and London Daily Advertiser (London, England), 25 September 1762; Issue 10460 7. ^Sarah Lyall (27 February 1998), [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/27/arts/jo-floyd-74-led-growth-and-change-at-christie-s.html Jo Floyd, 74; Led Growth and Change at Christie's] The New York Times. 8. ^1 2 Carol Vogel (11 February 1997), [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/11/arts/at-the-wire-auction-fans-it-s-it-s-christie-s.html At the Wire, Auction Fans, It's, It's . . . Christie's!] The New York Times. 9. ^Rita Reif (12 March 1990), [https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/12/arts/christie-s-reverses-stand-on-price-guarantees.html Christie's Reverses Stand on Price Guarantees] The New York Times. 10. ^Carol Vogel (6 May 1998), [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/06/business/international-business-frenchman-gets-big-stake-in-christie-s.html Frenchman Gets Big Stake In Christie's] The New York Times. 11. ^1 Carol Vogel (19 May 1998), [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/19/business/international-business-frenchman-seeks-the-rest-of-christie-s.html Frenchman Seeks the Rest Of Christie's] The New York Times. 12. ^1 Carol Vogel (19 February 1998), [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/19/arts/christie-s-ends-talks-on-takeover-by-swiss.html Christie's Ends Talks On Takeover By Swiss] The New York Times. 13. ^Carol Vogel (22 June 2001), [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/22/arts/inside-art-manager-and-collector.html Re: Real Estate] The New York Times. 14. ^1 Scott Reyburn (17 July 2012), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-07-17/rothko-private-sales-help-boost-christie-s-revenue-13-.html Rothko, Private Sales Help Boost Christie's Revenue 13%] Bloomberg. 15. ^Souren Melikian (17 January 2004), [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/17/style/17iht-melik_ed3__1.html The battle of Paris: Christie's rising] International Herald Tribune. 16. ^Souren Melikian (12 January 2007), [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/12/arts/12iht-melik13.html How Christie's kept top spot over Sotheby's in 2006 sales] The New York Times. 17. ^Judd Tully (24 October 2011), Private Sales Go Public: Why Christie's and Sotheby's Are Embracing Galleries Like Never Before New York Observer. 18. ^Colin Gleadell (27 February 2007), [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3663467/Christies-move-stuns-dealers.html Christie's move stuns dealers] The Daily Telegraph. 19. ^Kate Taylor (16 April 2007), Auction Houses Vs. Dealers New York Sun. 20. ^{{cite news | url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/consumer_goods/article5404112.ece | title=Pinault woes may force Château Latour sell-off | work=(London) Sunday Times | first=Kate | last=Walsh | date=28 December 2008 | accessdate=14 January 2009}} 21. ^1 {{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/13/business/worldbusiness/13auction.html | title=Christie's Plans Cuts as Auctions Slow | work=The New York Times|first=Julia|last=Werdigier| date=12 January 2009 | accessdate=12 January 2009}} 22. ^1 {{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/08/nyregion/08auction.html | title=In World of High-Glamour, Low-Pay Jobs, the Recession Has Its Bright Spots | work=The New York Times|first=Laura M. |last=Holson| date=8 February 2009 | accessdate=10 February 2009}} 23. ^{{cite news|work=Bloomberg News|date=18 June 2009|accessdate=30 June 2009|title=Christie's Resumes Cutting Jobs After May N.Y. Auctions Decline|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=aqb7SPnwv3RM}} 24. ^{{cite news|work=The New York Times|first=Carol|last=Vogel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/19/arts/design/19vogel.html|title=Christie's Executive Leaves a Top Post|date=18 June 2009|accessdate=30 June 2009}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/14/arts/design/christies-chief-executive-to-step-down-hand-reins-to-guillaume-cerutti.html|title=Christie’s Chief Executive to Step Down and Hand Reins to Guillaume Cerutti|first=Robin|last=Pogrebin|date=14 December 2016|publisher=|via=NYTimes.com}} 26. ^[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-02/christie-s-ceo-murphy-to-step-down-chairwoman-barbizet-promoted "Christie’s Names Barbizet First Woman CEO as Murphy Exits"]. Bloomberg. Retrieved 14 May 2015 27. ^{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2014/12/02/christies-ceo-resign/|title=Christie's CEO Steven Murphy will step down|work=Fortune|access-date=2018-05-23|language=en}} 28. ^Georgina Adam (17 October 2012),Battle for private selling shows {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023000033/http://theartnewspaper.com/articles/Battle%2Bfor%2Bprivate%2Bselling%2Bshows/27295 |date=23 October 2012 }} The Art Newspaper. 29. ^{{Cite news|title = ‘Curated’ auctions and new buyers keep Christie’s in the frame|url = http://www.ft.com/cms/s/70d74b86-c386-11e5-808f-8231cd71622e,Authorised=false.html?siteedition=uk&_i_location=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.ft.com%252Fcms%252Fs%252F0%252F70d74b86-c386-11e5-808f-8231cd71622e.html%253Fsiteedition%253Duk&_i_referer=&classification=conditional_standard&iab=barrier-app#axzz3z6fCpaCf|newspaper = Financial Times|date = 26 January 2016|access-date = 10 February 2016|issn = 0307-1766|first = Mary|last = Childs}} 30. ^1 Scott Reyburn (8 March 2017), [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/arts/design/christies-to-close-a-london-salesroom-and-scale-back-in-amsterdam.html Christie’s to Close a London Salesroom and Scale Back in Amsterdam] The New York Times. 31. ^Carol Vogel (18 February 2013), Christie's Raises Its Commissions for First Time in Five Years The New York Times. 32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/7cd9636a-fed0-3aa9-b036-d933e12b270f|title=Christie’s to close South Kensington sale room|first=Josh|last=Spero|date=9 March 2017|website=Financial Times}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.antiquestradegazette.com/news/2017/christie-s-south-kensington-to-close-sooner-than-expected/|title=Christie’s South Kensington to close sooner than expected|first=ATG|last=Media|website=www.antiquestradegazette.com}} 34. ^Carol Vogel (25 March 1997), [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/25/arts/rockefeller-center-lease-is-signed-by-christie-s.html Rockefeller Center Lease Is Signed By Christie's] The New York Times. 35. ^Irene Lacher (2 August 1996), Christie's Ups the Ante With Beverly Hills Space Los Angeles Times. 36. ^Gabriella Angeleti (9 February 2017), Christie’s to open new flagship location in Los Angeles The Art Newspaper. 37. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2001/11/14/1114players.html|title=Who's Who in the Sotheby's Price-Fixing Trial|last=Rohleder|first=Anna|year=2001| location=New York|work=Forbes| accessdate=3 September 2009}} 38. ^{{cite book|last=Mason|first=Christopher|title=Art of the Steal: Inside the Sotheby's-Christie's Auction House Scandal|publisher=Penguin Group|location=New York|date=3 May 2005|isbn=978-1-4406-0480-5|url=http://www.theartofthesteal.com/}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1034 |title=Going Once, Going Twice… Glamour, Greed and Fraud at Sotheby's and Christie's|date=8 September 2004 |work=Knowledge@Wharton |publisher=University of Pennsylvania|accessdate=3 September 2009}} 40. ^{{cite news |last1=Country Life |title=1848: the Stowe sale |url=https://www.countrylife.co.uk/luxury/art-and-antiques/5-sales-which-made-christies-no-2-the-stowe-sale-144150 |accessdate=26 July 2018 |date=27 December 2016}} 41. ^{{cite news |last1=Country Life |title=1882: the Hamilton Palace sale |url=https://www.countrylife.co.uk/luxury/art-and-antiques/5-sales-made-christies-no-3-hamilton-palace-sale-144167 |accessdate=26 July 2018 |date=28 December 2016}} 42. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/03/arts/the-getty-fills-a-role-for-itself-and-the-public.html | title=The Getty Fills a Role, for Itself and the Public |first=Michael|last=Kimmelman|date=3 June 1989|accessdate=10 February 2009|work=The New York Times}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/the-leonardo-da-vinci-codex-hammer-2465002-details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=2465002&sid=5e1d02d9-a507-4a1e-9754-562094d8cea2 |title=Christie, Manson and Woods, sale 8030, 11 November 1994 |publisher=Christies.com |date=11 November 1994 |accessdate=23 July 2013}} 44. ^{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4988838.stm | title=Stradivarius tops auction record |work=BBC News | date=17 May 2006 | accessdate=7 April 2007}} 45. ^1 {{cite news|work=The New York Times|first=Carol|last=Vogel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/09/arts/design/09christies.html|title=$491 Million Sale at Christie's Shatters Art Auction Record|date=9 November 2006|accessdate=13 March 2009}} 46. ^{{cite news|title=Bulgaria, Christie's Face Off Over Looted Artifact|url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/24278/bulgaria-christies-face-off-over-looted-artifact/|accessdate=18 July 2011|newspaper=Art Info|date=7 November 2006}} 47. ^{{cite news|last=Kodzhabasheva|first=Ani|title=Rogue excavators routinely steal and destroy Bulgaria's archaeological treasures|url=http://toglobalist.org/2011/06/antiques-roadshow/|accessdate=18 July 2011|newspaper=The Oxonian Globalist|date=7 June 2011}} 48. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.wewantsexualfreedom.com/?p=40012|title=Christie’s {{!}} wewantsexualfreedom.com|website=www.wewantsexualfreedom.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-24}} 49. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.studiospecial.com/cl/aus/ |title=Christie's |publisher=Studiospecial.com |accessdate=28 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225141940/http://www.studiospecial.com/cl/aus/ |archive-date=25 February 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 50. ^{{cite web|url=http://game.people.com.cn/BIG5/48602/48968/7304425.html |title=Most expensive Gundam picture sold in history |work=People's Daily |accessdate=28 February 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005153659/http://game.people.com.cn/BIG5/48602/48968/7304425.html |archivedate=5 October 2013 |df=dmy }} 51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamebase.com.tw/news/gb_news.html?sno=82974936 |title=Ink painting of Gundam sold at historical price |publisher=Gamebase.com.tw |accessdate=28 February 2012}} 52. ^{{cite news|author=Lim, Le-Min |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aDjnvF2yaye4 |title=Gun-Slinging Robot, Wooden Beams Mark Quiet Hong Kong Art Sale |publisher=Bloomberg |date=25 May 2008 |accessdate=28 February 2012}} 53. ^{{cite web|author=Artefact |url=http://www.sankakucomplex.com/2008/05/26/gundam-fetches-600000/ |title=Gundam Fetches $600,000 |publisher=Sankakucomplex.com |date=26 May 2008 |accessdate=28 February 2012}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-05-26/gundam-painting-auctioned-for-us$600000+in-hong-kong |title=Gundam Painting Auctioned for US$600,000+ in Hong Kong |publisher=Animenewsnetwork.com |date=24 February 2012 |accessdate=28 February 2012}} 55. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/stageNews/idUKTRE51J5QU20090225|work=Reuters|title=Record-breaking YSL auction shrugs off crisis|date=25 February 2009|accessdate=25 February 2009}} 56. ^{{cite news|title=Yves Saint Laurent Art Sale Brings In $264 Million|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/arts/design/24auction.html|date=23 February 2009|accessdate=25 February 2009|first=Steve|last=Erlanger|work=The New York Times}} 57. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/artsales/4805374/Small-brown-armchair-sells-for-19-million.html|title=Small brown armchair sells for £19 million|date=25 February 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=12 April 2016}} 58. ^{{cite news|first=George|last=Harris|title=China demands return of Christie's 'looted relics'|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20090226-china-demands-return-christies-looted-relics-yves-saint-laurent-auction-paris|publisher=France 24|agency=Agence France-Presse (AFP)|date=2 March 2009|accessdate=3 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105011244/http://www.france24.com/en/20090226-china-demands-return-christies-looted-relics-yves-saint-laurent-auction-paris|archive-date=5 January 2010|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 59. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/18/us-olympics-auction-idUSBRE83H0T320120418 | title=Marathon cup from 1896 sets Olympics auction record |accessdate=18 April 2012|work=Reuters|date=18 April 2012}} 60. ^{{cite web|title=NYC Auction of George Washington Document Sets Record|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2012/06/22/nyc-auction-of-george-washington-document-sets-record/|publisher=CBS News New York|accessdate=22 June 2012}} 61. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/13/arts/design/bacons-study-of-freud-sells-for-more-than-142-million.html?hp&_r=0|title=At $142.4 Million, Triptych Is the Most Expensive Artwork Ever Sold at an Auction|last=Vogel|first=Carol|newspaper=The New York Times|date=12 November 2013|accessdate=13 November 2013}} 62. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/when-lucian-met-francis-relationship-that-spawned-most-expensive-painting-ever-sold-8937613.html|title=When Lucian met Francis: Relationship that spawned most expensive painting ever sold|last=Sherwin|first=Adam|authorlink=Adam Sherwin|newspaper=The Independent|date=13 November 2013|accessdate=14 November 2013}} 63. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24922106|title=Bacon painting fetches record price|publisher=BBC|date=12 November 2013|accessdate=13 November 2013}} 64. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10445612/Francis-Bacon-triptych-smashes-art-auction-record.html|title=Francis Bacon triptych smashes art auction record|last=Swaine|first=Jon|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|date=13 November 2013|accessdate=14 November 2013}} 65. ^{{Cite web|title = Contemporary art market cools, but Modern sector heats up at Christie’s in 2015|url = http://theartnewspaper.com/market/art-market-news/contemporary-art-market-cools-but-modern-sector-heats-up-at-christie-s-in-2015/|website = theartnewspaper.com|access-date = 3 February 2016}} 66. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/18/oppenheimer-blue-diamond-most-expensive-ever-sold-at-auction|title=Oppenheimer Blue diamond sells for world record at auction|date=18 May 2016|work=The Guardian|accessdate=18 May 2016}} 67. ^Alain Truong art blog 68. ^6010107 Christie's sale record 69. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/patek-philippereference-5208t-010reference-5208t-010-was-created-specially-6095468-details.aspx|title=PATEK PHILIPPE (REFERENCE 5208T-010 REFERENCE 5208T-010 WAS CREATED SPECIALLY FOR ONLY WATCH 2017)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.christies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-24}} 70. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/carolbesler/2017/11/11/christies-only-watch-charity-auction-totals-10-8-million-including-a-6-million-patek-philippe/#775fbb881557|title=Christie's ONLY Watch Charity Auction Totals $10.8-Million, Including A $6-Million Patek Philippe|last=Besler|first=Carol|work=Forbes|access-date=2018-11-24|language=en}} 71. ^{{Cite web|title = Leonardo da Vinci painting 'Salvator Mundi' sold for record $450.3 million|url = http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/11/15/leonardo-da-vinci-painting-salvator-mundi-sold-for-record-450-3-million.html}} 72. ^1 Kelly Crow (26 April 2010), [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703709804575202083586359768# The Ultimate Walk-In Closet: Christie's Offers Art Storage in Brooklyn] The Wall Street Journal. 73. ^1 Laura Gilbert (26 April 2013), An exodus from Red Hook The Art Newspaper. 74. ^Diane Cardwell (24 August 2009), [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/25/nyregion/25christies.html A High-Tech Home for Multimillion-Dollar Works of Art] The New York Times. 75. ^Jennifer Maloney (10 May 2013), [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324744104578473423704512226 Builder Is Bullish on New York City's Fine-Art Storage Market: Developer Starts Construction of Art Storage Facility in Long Island City] The Wall Street Journal. 76. ^Laura Gilbert (20 August 2013), Axa sues Christie's storage services over Sandy damage The Art Newspaper. 77. ^Laura Gilbert (12 December 2013), Christie's storage hit by second lawsuit over storm damage The Art Newspaper. 78. ^Karen W. Arenson (20 October 2005), [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/20/nyregion/20christies.html Getting a Master's Looking at the Masters] The New York Times. 79. ^The Art Loss Register, Ltd.: "The Art Loss Register is the world's largest database of stolen art and antiques dedicated to their recovery. Its shareholders include Christie's, Bonhams, members of the insurance industry and art trade associations. " Retrieved 27 September 2008. Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|Christie's}}
6 : Christie's|1766 establishments in England|Auction houses based in New York City|Companies established in 1766|London auction houses|Price fixing convictions |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。