“5S (methodology)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

5S is a workplace organization method that uses a list of five Japanese words: {{nihongo|seiri|整理}}, {{nihongo|seiton|整頓}}, {{nihongo|seisō|清掃}}, {{nihongo|seiketsu|清潔}}, and {{nihongo|shitsuke|躾}}. These have been translated as "Sort", "Set In order", "Shine", "Standardize" and "Sustain".^[1] The list describes how to organize a work space for efficiency and effectiveness by identifying and storing the items used, maintaining the area and items, and sustaining the new order. The decision-making process usually comes from a dialogue about standardization, which builds understanding among employees of how they should do the work.

Other than a specific stand-alone methodology, 5S is frequently viewed as an element of a broader construct known as visual control,^[3] visual workplace,^[4] or visual factory.^[5]^[6] Under those (and similar) terminologies, Western companies were applying underlying concepts of 5S before publication, in English, of the formal 5S methodology. For example, a workplace-organization photo from Tennant Company (a Minneapolis-based manufacturer) quite similar to the one accompanying this article appeared in a manufacturing-management book in 1986.^[7]

The origins of 5S

5S was developed in Japan and was identified as one of the techniques that enabled Just in Time manufacturing.^[8]

Two major frameworks for understanding and applying 5S to business environments have arisen, one proposed by Osada, the other by Hiroyuki Hirano.^[9]^[10]

Hirano provided a structure to improve programs with a series of identifiable steps, each building on its predecessor. As noted by John Bicheno,^[11] Toyota's adoption of the Hirano approach was '4S', with Seiton and Seiso combined.{{Verify source|date=February 2016}}

A precursor development to the Japanese system of management was outlined by Alexey Gastev's development and the Central Institute of Labour (CIT) in Moscow.{{clarify|date=August 2016}}^[12]

The 5S

There are five 5S phases. They can be translated from the Japanese as "sort", "set in order", "shine", "standardize", and "sustain". Other translations are possible.

Sort (Seiri)

Seiri is sorting through all items in a location and removing all unnecessary items from the location.

Set In Order (Seiton)

Seiton is putting all necessary items in the optimal place for fulfilling their function in the workplace.

Shine (Seiso)

Seiso is sweeping or cleaning and inspecting the workplace, tools and machinery on a regular basis.

Standardize (Seiketsu)

Seiketsu is to standardize the processes used to sort, order and clean the workplace.

Sustain/Self-discipline (Shitsuke)

Shitsuke or sustain the developed processes by self-discipline of the workers. Also translates as "do without being told".

Variety of 5S applications

5S methodology has expanded from manufacturing and is now being applied to a wide variety of industries including health care, education, and government. Visual management and 5S can be particularly beneficial in health care because a frantic search for supplies to treat an in-trouble patient (a chronic problem in health care) can have dire consequences.^[13]

Although the origins of the 5S methodology are in manufacturing,^[14] it can also be applied to knowledge economy work, with information, software, or media in the place of physical product.^[15]

5S in lean product and process development

The output of engineering and design in a lean enterprise is information, the theory behind using 5S here is "Dirty, cluttered, or damaged surfaces attract the eye, which spends a fraction of a second trying to pull useful information from them every time we glance past. Old equipment hides the new equipment from the eye and forces people to ask which to use".^[16]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.graphicproducts.com/articles/what-is-5s/|title=What Is 5S? - Sort, Set In Order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain|publisher=}}
2. ^Gapp, R., Fisher, R., Kobayashi, K. 2008. Implementing 5S within a Japanese Context: An Integrated Management System, Management Decision. 46(4): 565-579.
3. ^Ortiz, Chris A. and Park, Murry. 2010. Visual Controls: Applying Visual Management to the Factory. New York: Productivity Press.
4. ^Galsworth, Gwendolyn D. 2005. Visual Workplace: Visual Thinking. Portland, Ore: Visual-Lean Enterprise Press.
5. ^Greif, Michel. 1989. The Visual Factory: Building Participation through Shared Information. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Productivity Press.
6. ^Hirano, Hiroyuki, ed. 1988. JIT Factory Revolution: A Pictorial Guide to Factory Design of the Future. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Productivity Press.
7. ^Schonberger, Richard J. 1986. World Class Manufacturing: The Lessons of Simplicity Applied. New York: Free Press, p. 27.
8. ^Hirano, Hiroyuki. 1988. JIT Factory Revolution: A Pictorial Guide to Factory Design of the Future.
9. ^{{cite book|url=|title=5 Pillars of the Visual Workplace|last=Hirano|first=Hiroyuki|publisher=Productivity Press|year=1995|isbn=978-1-56327-047-5|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}
10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ll-1AAAAIAAJ&q=The+5S%E2%80%99s:+Five+keys+to+a+Total+Quality+Environment&dq=The+5S%E2%80%99s:+Five+keys+to+a+Total+Quality+Environment&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiC8OXB0abVAhXFeD4KHWBTBZAQ6AEIKDAA|title=The 5S’s: Five keys to a Total Quality Environment|last=Osada|first=Takashi|publisher=Asian Productivity Organization |year=1995|isbn=978-9-28331-115-7|location=US|deadurl=no|accessdate=July 26, 2017}}
11. ^{{cite book|title=New Lean Toolbox: Towards Fast, Flexible Flow|last=Bicheno|first=John|publisher=PICSIE|isbn=978-0-9541244-1-0|location=Buckingham}}
12. ^Managing «modernity»: work, community, and authority in late-industrializing Japan and Russia, Rudra Sil, Publisher: Ann Arbor, Mich. : University of Michigan Press, 2002
13. ^Graban, Mark. 2012. Lean Hospitals: Improving Quality, Patient Safety, and Employee Engagement. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press.
14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.5stoday.com/what-is-5s/|title=What Is 5S?|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://ceiton.com/CMS/EN/company/profile.html#Origin|title=CEITON – Profile|publisher=}}
16. ^{{cite book |last1=Ward|first1=Allen|title=Lean Product and Process Development|date=March 2014|publisher=Lean Enterprise Institute|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=978-1-934109-43-4|page=215|edition=2nd}}