“City of Salford”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Salford ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɒ|l|f|ər|d}}) is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England, extending west to include the towns of Eccles, Worsley, Swinton, Walkden, Little Hulton, and Irlam.^[3] The city has a population of 245,600,^[4] and is administered from the Salford Civic Centre in Swinton.

The city's boundaries, set by the Local Government Act 1972, include five former local government districts. It is bounded on the south east by the River Irwell, which forms part of its boundary with Manchester to the east, and by the Manchester Ship Canal to the south, which forms its boundary with Trafford. The metropolitan boroughs of Wigan, Bolton and Bury lie to the west, northwest and north respectively. Some parts of the city, which lies directly west of Manchester, are highly industrialised and densely populated, but around one third of the city consists of rural open space. The western half of the city stretches across an ancient peat bog, Chat Moss.

Salford has a history of human activity stretching back to the Neolithic age. There are over 250 listed buildings in the city, including Salford Cathedral, and three Scheduled Ancient Monuments. With the Industrial Revolution, Salford and its neighbours grew along with its textile industry. The former County Borough of Salford was granted city status in 1926. The city and its industries experienced decline throughout much of the 20th century. Since the 1990s, parts of Salford have undergone regeneration, especially Salford Quays, home of BBC North and Granada Television, and the area around the University of Salford.

Salford Red Devils are a professional rugby league club in Super League and Salford City F.C. are a professional football club in the National League. Old Trafford, the home of Manchester United, in Trafford, is opposite Salford Quays.

History

Although the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford was a 20th-century creation, the area has a long history of human activity, extending back to the Stone Age. Neolithic flint arrow-heads and tools, and evidence of Bronze Age activity has been discovered in Salford.^[5] The northerly section of Watling Street, a Roman road from Manchester (Mamucium) via Bury to Ribchester (Bremetennacum), passes through the city;^[6] a hoard of over 550 bronze Roman coins dating between 259 AD and 278 AD was discovered in Boothstown;^[7] and a Romano-British bog body, Worsley Man, was discovered in the Chat Moss peat bog.^[8]

In 1142, a monastic cell( small monastic house) dedicated to St. Leonard was established in Kersal.^[6] The 12th century hundred of Salford was created as Salfordshire in the historic county of Lancashire and survived until the 19th century,^[9] when it was replaced by one of the first county boroughs in the country. Salford became a free borough in about 1230,^[10] when it was granted a charter as a free borough by the Earl Ranulph of Chester.^[11] The cell in Kersal was sold in 1540 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.^[6] A 16th-century manor house, called Kersal Cell, was built on the site of the priory.^[12] In the English Civil War between King Charles I and parliament, Salford was Royalist.^[13] Salford was also noted as Jacobite territory; its inhabitants supported Charles Edward Stuart's claim to the Kingdom of Great Britain and hosted him when he rode through the area during the Jacobite rising of 1745.^[13]

During the Industrial Revolution, Salford grew as a result of the textile industry.^[14] Although Salford experienced an increase in population, it was overshadowed by the dominance of Manchester and did not evolve as a commercial centre in the same way.^[15] On 15 September 1830, Eccles was site of the world's first railway accident.^[16] During a stop in Eccles to take on water, William Huskisson, Member of Parliament for Liverpool, had his leg crushed by Stephenson's Rocket; at the time he was in conversation with the Duke of Wellington, who was opening the railway, and did not get out of the way of the train in time. Although Huskisson was taken to Eccles for treatment he died of his injuries.^[17] The six-foot-tall Oglala Sioux tribesman, "Surrounded By the Enemy", died here from a bronchial infection at age twenty-two in 1887 during a tour of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show and was buried at Brompton Cemetery.^[18] In 1894, the Manchester Ship Canal was opened, running from the River Mersey to Salford Quays; when it was complete it was the largest navigation canal in the world.^[19] Along the route of the canal, it was necessary to create an aqueduct carrying the Bridgewater Canal over the Ship Canal. The Barton Swing Aqueduct, designed by Sir Edward Leader Williams,^[20] is {{convert|100|m|ft}} long and weighs {{convert|1450|MT|0}}.^[21]^[22]

At the start of the 20th century, Salford began to decline due to competition from outside the UK. A survey in 1931 concluded that parts of Salford were amongst the worst slums in the country.^[23] Salford was granted city status in 1926.^[24] During World War II, Salford Docks were regularly bombed.^[25]

In the decades following the Second World War there was a significant economic and population decline in Salford.^[26] In 1961 a small part of Eccles was added to the city. On 1 April 1974, the City and County Borough of Salford was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, and was replaced by the metropolitan borough of City of Salford, one of ten local government districts in the new metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.^[9]^[27] The city status of the new district was confirmed by additional letters patent issued on the same day.^[28] Since the early 1990s, the decline has slowed.^[26]

Prior to the metropolitan borough's creation, the name Salford for the new local government district courted controversy. Salford was "thought second-class by those in Eccles", who preferred the new name "Irwell" for the district (with reference to the River Irwell).^[34] A councillor for the then City and County Borough of Salford objected to this suggestion, stating this label was nothing but "a dirty stinking river".^[34] The name Irwell won 8 votes to Salford's 7, but a private protest and deliberation favoured Salford as the name for the new city, citing that the River Irwell would pass through two other Greater Manchester districts, and that it "doesn't touch Worsley".^[29]

Geography

The City of Salford is bounded to the north by the boroughs of Bolton and Bury, to the south by Trafford, to the west by Wigan and to the east by Manchester. The natural mossland of Chat Moss lies in the south western corner of the city; it covers an area of about {{convert|10.6|sqmi|km2|1}}, accounting for about 30% of the city's area,^[30] and lies {{convert|75|ft|m|0}} above sea level.^[31] The moss makes up the largest area of prime farmland in Greater Manchester.^[30] Kersal Moor is an area of moorland spanning {{convert|8|ha|acre}} in Kersal; it is a local nature reserve and a Site of Biological Importance.^[32]^[33] Greenspace accounts for 55.7% of the City of Salford's total area, domestic buildings and gardens comprise 20.0%, and the rest is made up of roads and non-domestic buildings.^[34]

To the south of Salford are the docks of Salford Quays, now home to the iconic Media City UK – the home of BBC. Media City UK is a large area that crosses the boundary into Trafford Park, Trafford. Although Salford Quays is in the City of Salford new M50 postcodes were distributed to the area to separate and create new boundaries in the early 2000s. Arguably{{weasel inline|date=July 2015}} the most affluent area in Salford, the Quays (as it is locally known) has seen regeneration and a growth in job opportunities and available housing in the 2010s.

The River Irwell runs south east through Kearsley, Clifton and Agecroft then meanders around Lower Broughton and Kersal, Salford Crescent and the centre of Manchester, joining the rivers Irk and Medlock. Turning west, it meets the Mersey south of Irlam, where the route of the river was altered in the late 19th century to form part of the course of the Manchester Ship Canal. The ship canal, opened in 1894, forms part of Salford's southern boundaries with Trafford.^[35] The city's climate is generally temperate, like the rest of Greater Manchester. The nearest weather station is {{convert|10|mi|km}} away at Ringway, in Manchester; the mean highest and lowest temperatures ({{convert|13.2|°C|°F}} and {{convert|6.4|°C|°F}}) are slightly above the national average, while the annual rainfall ({{convert|806.6|mm|in}}) and average hours of sunshine (1394.5 hours) are respectively above and below the national averages.^[36]^[37]

Governance

Parliamentary constituencies

The City of Salford is represented by Members of Parliament (MPs) for three constituencies, Salford and Eccles by Rebecca Long-Bailey (Labour),^[38] Worsley and Eccles South by Barbara Keeley (Labour),^[39] and the Broughton and Kersal wards of Salford in Blackley and Broughton by Graham Stringer (Labour).^[40]

Council

In 1974, Salford City Council was created to administer the newly formed local government district. Until 1986, it shared power with the Greater Manchester County Council. The council offices are in Swinton, in what was formerly Swinton and Pendlebury Town Hall. The Labour Party have been in control of the council since its formation in 1974.^[41] The council has a constitution detailing how they should operate in performing their duties.^[42]

Salford City Council was assessed by the Audit Commission and judged to be "improving well" in providing services for local people. Overall the council was awarded "three star" status meaning it was "performing well" and "consistently above minimum requirements", similar to 46% of all local authorities.^[43]

The modern metropolitan borough of the City of Salford is based on the former County Borough of the City of Salford which included the city centre, Pendleton, Weaste, Claremont, Langworthy, Broughton, Kersal, Ordsall and Seedley. The city is entirely unparished and absorbed the municipal boroughs of Eccles and Swinton and Pendlebury and the urban districts of Irlam and Worsley. An urban district was a type of local government district which covered an urbanised area.

Since 2012, in addition to the long-existing and largely ceremonial, annually appointed civic mayor of Salford, the city has also had a directly elected Mayor.

Electoral wards

There are 60 councillors representing 20 wards. Swinton and Walkden have six councillors each.^[47]

Central Salford and Salford West

The district is divided into two areas (Central Salford and Salford West)^[88] for some purposes including planning, regeneration and housing.

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Salford City Council depicts a weaving shuttle surrounded by five bees with a three masted ship above, on a shield flanked by two lions.^[91] The blue background with a gold chief is taken from the arms of the city council of the County Borough of Salford, who in turn took it from the colours of the Earl of Chester. The shuttle and five bees represent the industry of the area and five settlements who benefited from the textile industry.^[91] The ship is borrowed from the crest of Eccles Borough Council and represents the importance of waterways to the city. The ship is flanked by two millrinds – the iron centres of millstones – symbolising engineering.^[91] The lions are taken from the crest of the Borough of Swinton and Pendlebury; they are wearing iron steel chain representing engineering. The shield is topped by a griffin carrying a pennon depicting three boars' heads. The griffin is taken from the crest of Eccles and the boars are from the crest of Irlam Urban District.^[91] Beneath the shield is a scroll reading salus populi suprema lex, Latin for "the welfare of the people is the highest law".^[91]

Budget

In 2017–18, Salford City Council agreed to spend £267 million. They agreed an estimated £79M on children's services (30%); £56M on community health and social care (21%); £40M on levies and charges (15%); £39M on environment and community safety (14%); £36M and on capital financing (13%); £9M on corporate business (3%); £7M on regeneration (3%); and £2M on public health, reform and commissioning (1%). For the 2016–17 financial year, the council's income is expected to consist of £65M including council tax and efficiency savings. The net expenditure is therefore expected to be £202M.^[92]

Audit

A Comprehensive Area Assessment by the Audit Commission in 2009 found that Salford's key priorities are improving health, reducing crime, helping young people achieve A-level qualifications, social services, including the views of minority groups, improving skills and "making Salford a cleaner and more attractive place to live".^[93]

Demography

At the 2011 UK census, the City of Salford had a total population of 233,933.^[94] Of the 103,556 households in Salford, 25.4% were married or same-sex civil partnership couples living together, 36.4% were one-person households, 11.2% were co-habiting couples and 13.5% were lone parents. The figures for lone parent households were above the national average of 10.6%, and the percentage of married couples was also below the national average of 33.2%; the proportion of one person households was higher than the national average of 30.3%.^[95]

The population density was 24.1 persons per hectare (Salford covers 9,719 hectares), 117,151 (50.1%) female, and 116,782 (49.9%) male.^[96] Of those aged 16–74 in Salford, 27.1% had no academic qualifications, significantly higher than 22.5% in all of England.^[97] 11.8% of Salford's residents were born outside the United Kingdom, lower than the national average of 13.8%.^[98] The largest minority group was recorded as Asian, at 4.1% of the population.^[99]

The number of theft from a vehicle offences and theft of a vehicle per 1,000 of the population was 21.3 and 7.9 compared to the English national average of 7.6 and 2.9 respectively.^[100] The number of sexual offences was 1.1 compared to the average of 0.9.^[100] The national average of violence against another person was 16.7 compared to the Salford average of 27.2.^[100] The figures for crime statistics were all recorded during the 2006/7 financial year.^[101] Although all were above the averages for England, Salford's crime rate was lower than Manchester's.^[102]

Population change

The table below details the population change since 1801, including the percentage change since the last available census data. Although the City of Salford has existed as a metropolitan borough since 1974, figures have been generated by combining data from the towns, villages, and civil parishes that would later be constituent parts of the city.

Religion

At the 2011 UK census, 64.2% of Salford's residents were Christian, 3.3% Jewish, 2.6% Muslim, 0.6% Hindu, 0.4% Buddhist, and 0.1% Sikh. 22.3% had no religion, 0.3% had an alternative religion and 6.2% did not state their religion.^[95]

Salford is covered by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford,^[104] and the Church of England Diocese of Manchester.^[105] During the mid-19th century, there was an influx of Irish people into the Salford area, partly due to The Great Hunger in Ireland.^[106] In 1848, Salford Roman Catholic Cathedral was consecrated, reflecting Salford's large Irish-born community at the time.^[107]

Of Salford's six Grade I listed buildings, three are churches. St Augustine's Church, in Pendlebury, was built in 1874 by George Frederick Bodley.^[108] The Church of St Mary the Virgin, in Eccles, was originally built in the 13th century but was expanded in the 15th. A church has been on the site since at least the Norman period.^[108]^[109] St Mark's Church, in Worsley, was built in 1846 by George Gilbert Scott.^[108] The six Grade II* listed churches are the Church of St Andrew in Eccles,^[108]^[110] the Cathedral Church of St John,^[111] the Church of St Luke in Pendleton,^[112] Monton Unitarian Church in Monton,^[113] the Church of St Philip in Salford,^[114] and the United Reformed Church.^[108]

Economy

Finance and professional services, tourism and culture, and computer and internet based services have been identified as growth industries in Greater Manchester and are concentrated in Manchester and Salford.^[120] Average house prices in the City of Salford are sixth out of all the metropolitan boroughs in Greater Manchester, 7.6% lower than the average for the county.^[121] There are, however, areas of considerable affluence, within the city, such as Broughton Park, parts of Kersal, Ellesmere Park, Worsley, parts of Swinton and Pendlebury and the ultra-modern Salford Quays.

At the 2011 UK census, Salford had 173,117 residents aged 16 to 74. 4.7% of these people were students with jobs, 4.1% looking after home or family, 6.9% permanently sick or disabled and 2.9% economically inactive for other reasons. The City of Salford has a high rate of people who are permanently sick and disabled, 70% higher than the national average of 4.0%.^[119]

In 2011, of 106,904 residents of the City of Salford in employment, the industry of employment was: 17.8% retail and wholesale; 7.6% manufacturing;13.7% health and social work; 8.7% education; 7.2% construction; 5.2% transport and storage; 6.6% accommodation and food service; 6.2% administrative and support services; 6.0% professional, scientific and technical; 5.1% public administration and defence; 4.4% financial and insurance; 3.4% information and communication; 1.6% real estate; 0.9% water supply and waste management; 0.6% energy supply; 0.1% agriculture, forestry and fishing; 0.1% mining and quarrying; and 4.7% other. This was roughly in line with national figures, except for the proportion of jobs in agriculture which is less than half the national average, reflecting the city's suburban nature and its proximity to the centre of Manchester.^[122]

Culture

Landmarks

As of September 2003, the City of Salford has 6 Grade I, 14 Grade II*, and 253 Grade II listed buildings.^[124] The city has the equal second highest number of Grade I listed buildings out of the districts of Greater Manchester, behind Manchester. The Grade I listed buildings are the Church of St Augustine, the Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, St Mark's Church, Ordsall Hall, Wardley Hall, and a bridge over the River Irwell.^[124] Salford Cathedral, built in 1845, is the seat of the Diocese of Salford and a Grade II* listed building.^[125] Most of Salford's tallest buildings are mid-20th century residential tower blocks or 21st century high rise apartments. A study by Professor Christopher Collier of the University of Salford suggested that Manchester's drizzly climate is largely due to the multitude of high-rise blocks in Salford.^[126]^[127] Collier has proposed that they have a "dramatic influence on the region's weather patterns", and may contribute to the 8 °C (14 °F) temperature difference between Salford and its surrounding countryside.^[126]

There are three Scheduled Ancient Monuments in the city. The oldest is an Iron Age promontory fort occupied from 500 BC–200 AD.^[128] Also scheduled is Hanging Bridge on the border with Manchester, dating to the 14th century,^[129] and an underground section of the Bridgewater Canal in Swinton built in 1759.^[130]

Sport

Salford is home to a number of past and present rugby league teams. Founded in 1873, Salford Red Devils play in the Super League at the AJ Bell Stadium, in Barton, Salford.^[131] They are 6 times Champions and they won the Challenge Cup in 1938,^[132] and have experienced two previous stretches in the Super League, 1997–2002 and 2004–2007.^[133]^[134] In 2008 they won the Northern Rail Cup beating Doncaster 60-0 in the Final at Blackpool. They previously won the same trophy in 2003. They also won the National League 1 Grand Final in 2008, beating Celtic Crusaders after extra time in Warrington.^[135] Construction on a new 20,000 seat £35 million pound stadium was complete in 2012. Now named the AJ Bell stadium it is home to Salford Red Devils and Sale Sharks rugby union team.^[136]^[137]

Swinton Lions were founded in 1866 and play in the Championship at heywood road sale.^[138] They won the Rugby Football League Championship six times between 1927 and 1964, before it was superseded by Super League. They have also won the Challenge Cup three times between 1900 and 1928.

At amateur level, the city is represented in rugby league by the Salford City Roosters.

Also in Salford are several football and cricket teams. Irlam F.C. is an amateur football team that has played in the Manchester Football League since 1989.^[141] They were founded in 1969 as Mitchell Shackleton Football Club and changed their name in 2006.^[142] Salford City F.C. was founded in 1940 and play in the National League North.^[143] Monton & Weaste C.C. and Clifton C.C. have played in the Central Lancashire Cricket League since 2005 and 2006 respectively. Walkden play in the Bolton Cricket League.^[144] Little Hulton play in the Bolton and District Cricket Association.^[145] Winton and Worsley play in the Manchester and District Cricket Association.^[146]

Education

Overall, Salford was ranked 75th out of the all the Local Education Authorities (LEAs) – and seventh in Greater Manchester – in National Curriculum assessment performance in 2007.^[147] Unauthorised absences and authorised absences from Salford secondary schools in 2006–07 were 2.0% and 7.0% respectively, both higher than the national average (1.4% and 6.4%).^[148] In 2007, the Salford LEA was ranked 127th out of 149 in the country – and ninth in Greater Manchester – based on the percentage of pupils attaining at least 5 A*–C grades at General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) including maths and English (37.8% compared with the national average of 46.7%).^[149] In 2007, Beis Yaakov High School was the most successful school in Salford at GCSE, with 90% of the pupils gaining five or more GCSEs at A*–C grade including maths and English. Bridgewater School was the most successful at A–level.^[150]

The University of Salford is one of four universities in Greater Manchester and was ranked 81st by The Times. It has over 19,000 students^[151] and a 69.7% level of student satisfaction. In 2007, the university received nearly 17,000 applications for 3,660 places.^[152] The university is undergoing £150M of redevelopment through investment in new facilities, including a £10M law school and a £22M building for health and social care which were opened in 2006.^[152] In 2007, the drop out rate from the university was 25%. Of the students graduating, 50% gained first class or 2:1 degrees,^[152] which is below the national average of about 55%.^[153]

Transport

The city of Salford is served by nine railway stations on four routes. Eccles and Patricroft are on the northern route of the Liverpool to Manchester Line, while Irlam, in the southwest of the borough, is on the southern route. Clifton is on the line to Bolton and Preston; Swinton, Moorside and Walkden are on the Manchester to Southport Line via Wigan; and Salford Central and Salford Crescent are served by both routes. A station at Pendleton was closed in 1998 after suffering fire damage and a loss of patronage in favour of nearby Salford Crescent, opened a few years earlier.^[154] All train services are provided by Northern,^[155]

The Eccles line of the Manchester Metrolink runs through the City of Salford, with stations at Exchange Quay, Salford Quays, Anchorage, Harbour City, Broadway, Langworthy, Weaste, Ladywell and Eccles. The line was opened in two stages, in 1999 and 2000, as Phase 2 of the system's development.^[156]

There are bus stations at Pendleton and Eccles. Buses run to destinations throughout the city, across Greater Manchester and further afield: Pendleton is served by a route to Preston,^[157] Eccles Interchange is next to the Metrolink stop.

The council is responsible for the administration and maintenance of public roads and footpaths in the city.^[158]

Twin towns

The City of Salford has formal twinning arrangements with four European places.^[159] Each was originally twinned with a place within the city prior to its creation in 1974.

See also

References

1. ^
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22. ^{{cite web | title=Facts and Figures | work=Manchester Ship Canal | url=http://www.clydeport.co.uk/index.php?site_id=6&page_id=381 | accessdate=1 October 2007}}
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24. ^{{London Gazette|issue=33154|pages=2776–2777|date=23 April 1926}}
25. ^{{cite web | author=ritsonvaljos | title=Salford and Manchester docks were always attacked and we lived nearby | publisher=BBC | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/42/a4248542.shtml }}
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29. ^¹²{{Harvnb|Clark|1973|pp=101–102}}.
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31. ^Birks (1965), p. 273.
32. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.salford.gov.uk/kersalmoor |accessdate=11 December 2007 |date=21 August 2003 |title=English Nature grant Salford its very own nature reserves! |publisher=english-salford.gov.uk}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/biodiversity-spd-january-2006.pdf |title=Salford City Council Supplementary planning Document: Nature Conservation and Biodiversity: Adopted 19 July 2006 |author=Salford City Council |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |format=PDF |date=19 July 2007 |accessdate=14 December 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090225142818/http://www.salford.gov.uk/biodiversity-spd-january-2006.pdf |archivedate=25 February 2009 |df=dmy }}
34. ^{{cite web | title =City of Salford physical environment | publisher = Statistics.gov.uk | url = http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=276781&c=Salford&d=13&e=8&g=354179&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1204935548737&enc=1| accessdate = 8 March 2008 }}
35. ^Nevell (1997), p. 125.
36. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/sites/manchester_airport.html |title=Manchester Airport 1971–2000 weather averages |publisher=Met Office |year=2001 |accessdate=12 August 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103050/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/sites/manchester_airport.html |archivedate=29 September 2007 |df=dmy }}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/areal/england.html |author=Met Office |title=Annual England weather averages |publisher=Met Office |year=2007 |accessdate=23 April 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605024000/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/areal/england.html |archivedate=5 June 2011 |df=dmy }}
38. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000911|title=Salford and Eccles constituency election results.|publisher=BBC.co.uk|accessdate=25 June 2016}}
39. ^{{cite news |title=Worsley and Eccles South constituency election results |publisher=Guardian.co.uk |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1544/worsley-and-eccles-south |accessdate=29 February 2012}}
40. ^{{cite news |title=Blackley and Broughton constituency election results |publisher=Guardian.co.uk |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1476/blackley-and-broughton |accessdate=29 February 2012}}
41. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/vote2012/council/E08000006.stm |title=Vote 2012: Salford |accessdate=9 May 2012|work=BBC News}}
42. ^{{cite web |title=The council's constitution |author=City of Salford Borough Council |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/constitution.htm |accessdate=4 May 2008 }}
43. ^{{cite web|title=Salford City Council comprehensive performance assessment (CPA) scorecard 2007 |publisher=Audit Commission |url=http://cpa.audit-commission.gov.uk/STCCScorecard.aspx?TaxID=107108 |year=2007 |accessdate=11 April 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616175509/http://cpa.audit-commission.gov.uk/STCCScorecard.aspx?TaxID=107108 |archivedate=16 June 2008 |df= }}
44. ^{{cite web | title = Election results: 22 May 2014 | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/your-council/electoral-services/elections/election-results/archived-results/election-results-22-may-2014/ | website = sccdemocracy.salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = 22 May 2014 | access-date = 13 April 2017 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201024/https://www.salford.gov.uk/your-council/electoral-services/elections/election-results/archived-results/election-results-22-may-2014/ | archivedate = 6 April 2017 | df = dmy-all }}
45. ^{{cite web | title = Election results: 7 May 2015 | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/your-council/electoral-services/elections/election-results/archived-results/election-results-7-may-2015/ | website = sccdemocracy.salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = 7 May 2015 | access-date = 13 April 2017 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201406/https://www.salford.gov.uk/your-council/electoral-services/elections/election-results/archived-results/election-results-7-may-2015/ | archivedate = 6 April 2017 | df = dmy-all }}
46. ^{{cite web | title = Election results: 5 May 2016 | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/your-council/electoral-services/elections/election-results/archived-results/election-results-5-may-2016/ | website = sccdemocracy.salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = 5 May 2016 | access-date = 13 April 2017 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170406110534/https://www.salford.gov.uk/your-council/electoral-services/elections/election-results/archived-results/election-results-5-may-2016/ | archivedate = 6 April 2017 | df = dmy-all }}: See also: {{cite news | last = Keeling | first = Neal | title = Army veteran quits as Labour councillor saying party members accused him of faking mental illness | url = http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/neil-blower-councillor-quits-labour-10849779 | work = Manchester Evening News | date = 5 February 2016 | access-date = 13 April 2017 }}:: and: {{cite news | last1 = Keeling | first1 = Neal | last2 = Fitzgerald | first2 = Todd | title = Rabbi wins surprise victory for Tories in Salford by-election | url = http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/conservatives-win-kersal-salford-election-12687357 | work = Manchester Evening News | date = 3 March 2017 | accessdate = 13 April 2017 }}
47. ^{{cite web|title=Your Councillors|url=https://sccdemocracy.salford.gov.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0 | website = sccdemocracy.salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | access-date = 14 April 2017}}
48. ^{{cite web |title=Barton ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/barton.htm |accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080328230259/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/barton.htm |archivedate = 28 March 2008}}
49. ^{{cite book | title = Barton Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388900/barton-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
50. ^{{cite web |title=Boothstown and Ellenbrook ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/boothstown-and-ellenbrook.htm |accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080328135355/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/boothstown-and-ellenbrook.htm |archivedate = 28 March 2008}}
51. ^{{cite book | title = Boothstown and Ellenbrook Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388901/boothstown-ellenbrook-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
52. ^{{cite web |title=Broughton ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/library/Libraries/broughton.htm |accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050219204351/http://www.salford.gov.uk/library/Libraries/broughton.htm |archivedate = 19 February 2005}}
53. ^{{cite book | title = Broughton Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388905/broughton-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
54. ^{{cite web|title=Cadishead ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/library/Libraries/cadishead.htm |accessdate=3 April 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020617190750/http://www.salford.gov.uk/library/Libraries/cadishead.htm |archivedate=17 June 2002 |df= }}
55. ^{{cite book | title = Cadishead Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388902/cadishead-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
56. ^{{cite web |title=Claremont ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/claremont-wp.htm |accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070330044149/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/claremont-wp.htm|archivedate=30 March 2007 }}
57. ^{{cite book | title = Claremont Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388903/claremont-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
58. ^{{cite web |title=Eccles ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/eccles-wp.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070330104247/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/eccles-wp.htm|archivedate=30 March 2007 }}
59. ^{{cite book | title = Eccles Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388908/eccles-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
60. ^{{cite web |title=Irlam ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/irlam-wp.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
61. ^{{cite book | title = Irlam Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388906/irlam-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
62. ^{{cite web |title=Irwell Riverside ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/irwell-riverside.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070330034436/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/irwell-riverside.htm|archivedate=30 March 2007 }}
63. ^{{cite book | title = Irwell Riverside Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388920/irwell-riverside-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
64. ^{{cite web |title=Kersal ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/kersal.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080328011307/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/kersal.htm |archivedate = 28 March 2008}}
65. ^{{cite book | title = Kersal Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388907/kersal-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
66. ^{{cite web |title=Langworthy ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/langworthy.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070330070355/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/langworthy.htm|archivedate=30 March 2007 }}
67. ^{{cite book | title = Langworthy Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388911/langworthy-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
68. ^{{cite web |title=Little Hulton ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/little-hulton.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080328012002/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/little-hulton.htm |archivedate = 28 March 2008 }}
69. ^{{cite book | title = Little Hulton Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388910/little-hulton-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
70. ^{{cite web |title=Ordsall ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/little-hulton.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080328012002/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/little-hulton.htm |archivedate = 28 March 2008}}
71. ^{{cite book | title = Ordsall Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388909/ordsall-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
72. ^{{cite web |title=Pendlebury ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/pendlebury.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080328010910/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/pendlebury.htm |archivedate = 28 March 2008}}
73. ^{{cite book | title = Pendlebury Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388914/pendlebury-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
74. ^{{cite web |title=Swinton North ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/swinton-north.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080328011010/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/swinton-north.htm |archivedate = 28 March 2008}}
75. ^{{cite book | title = Swinton North Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388912/swinton-north-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
76. ^{{cite web |title=Swinton South ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/swinton-south.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080328010946/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/swinton-south.htm |archivedate = 28 March 2008}}
77. ^{{cite book | title = Swinton South Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388916/swinton-south-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
78. ^{{cite web |title=Walkden North ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/walkden-north.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070330093443/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/walkden-north.htm|archivedate=30 March 2007 }}
79. ^{{cite book | title = Walkden North Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388917/walkden-north-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
80. ^{{cite web |title=Walkden South ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/walkden-south.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080328011933/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/walkden-south.htm |archivedate = 28 March 2008}}
81. ^{{cite book | title = Walkden South Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388913/walkden-south-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
82. ^{{cite web |title=Weaste and Seedley ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/weaste-and-seedley.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070330101525/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/weaste-and-seedley.htm|archivedate=30 March 2007 }}
83. ^{{cite book | title = Weaste and Seedley Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388915/weaste-seedley-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
84. ^{{cite web |title=Winton ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/salfordwest/key-facts-and-information/winton-ward-profile.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080328135248/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/salfordwest/key-facts-and-information/winton-ward-profile.htm |archivedate = 28 March 2008}}
85. ^{{cite book | title = Winton Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388918/winton-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
86. ^{{cite web |title=Worsley ward profile |publisher=Salford.gov.uk |url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/worsley-wp.htm|accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070330034527/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/regeneration/geographicareas/ward-profiles/worsley-wp.htm|archivedate=30 March 2007 }}
87. ^{{cite book | title = Worsley Ward Profile | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/388919/worsley-ward-profile-mar-2016.pdf | format = pdf | website = salford.gov.uk | publisher = Salford City Council | date = March 2016 }}
88. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/salford-west-areas.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-05-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516211806/http://salford.gov.uk/salford-west-areas.htm |archivedate=16 May 2013 |df=dmy }}
89. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/centralsalford.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-05-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427004129/http://www.salford.gov.uk/centralsalford.htm |archivedate=27 April 2013 |df=dmy }}
90. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salford.gov.uk/salfordwest.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-05-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425054355/http://salford.gov.uk/salfordwest.htm |archivedate=25 April 2013 |df=dmy }}
91. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web|title=Salford City coat of arms |url=http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk/great_man.html#salford%20city |publisher=Civicheraldry.co.uk |accessdate=10 March 2008}}
92. ^{{citation | contribution = Appendix 5: 2017–18 revue budget |title= 2017-18 Revue Budget and Capital Programme | url = https://www.salford.gov.uk/media/390069/budget_report_2017-18.pdf | publisher = Salford City Council | page = 115 | date = 22 February 2015 }}
93. ^{{cite book | title = One place: Salford overview | url = http://oneplace.audit-commission.gov.uk/infobyarea/region/area/Pages/areaoverview.aspx?region=53&area=431 | archive-url = http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101019153126/http://oneplace.audit-commission.gov.uk/infobyarea/region/area/Pages/areaoverview.aspx?region=53&area=431 | dead-url = yes | archive-date = 19 October 2010 | page = 6 | publisher = Audit Commission | date = 19 October 2009 }} Pdf.{{Dead link|date=January 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
94. ^¹{{cite web |title= Area: Salford (Local Authority | url = http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadPage.do?pageId=1004&tc=1492190096703&a=7&b=6275224&c=Salford&d=13&e=62&g=6345036&i=1001x1003x1032x1004x1011&m=0&r=1&s=1492190096703&enc=1 | website = neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk |accessdate= 14 April 2017}}
95. ^¹{{cite web |title=Salford Metropolitan Borough household data |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6275224&c=Salford&d=13&e=62&g=6345036&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1492190214078&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2489 |accessdate=14 April 2017}}
96. ^{{cite web |title=Salford Metropolitan Borough population density |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6275224&c=Salford&d=13&e=62&g=6345036&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1492190214078&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2473 |accessdate=14 April 2017 }}
97. ^{{cite web |title=Salford Metropolitan Borough Qualifications and Students, 2011 |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |url= http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6275224&c=Salford&d=13&e=62&g=6345036&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1492195880625&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2536 |accessdate=14 April 2017 }}
98. ^{{cite web | title =Salford Metropolitan Borough country of birth data | publisher = Statistics.gov.uk | url = http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6275224&c=Salford&d=13&e=62&g=6345036&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1492195880609&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2478 | accessdate = 14 April 2017 }}
99. ^{{cite web | title =Salford Metropolitan Borough ethnic group data | publisher = Statistics.gov.uk | url = http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6275224&c=Salford&d=13&e=62&g=6345036&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1492195880609&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2477 | accessdate = 14 April 2017 }}
100. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.upmystreet.com/local/police-crime/figures/l/Salford-4302.html |title=Local Area Crime Figures for Salford 2006/7 |accessdate=18 June 2008 |publisher=UpMyStreet.co.uk |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004093721/http://www.upmystreet.com/local/police-crime/figures/l/Salford-4302.html |archivedate=4 October 2008 |df= }}
101. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.upmystreet.com/local/police-crime/learn-more/l/Salford-4302.html |title=Local Area Crime Figures for Salford 2006/7 – Learn More section |accessdate=18 June 2008 |publisher=UpMyStreet.co.uk |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004093731/http://www.upmystreet.com/local/police-crime/learn-more/l/Salford-4302.html |archivedate=4 October 2008 |df= }}
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