| 词条 | Claudia Pechstein | |||
| 释义 |
| name = | image = Claudia Pechstein 2.jpg | alt = | caption = | headercolor = #d7ecff | nationality = German | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|2|22|df=y}} | birth_place = East Berlin, East Germany | height = | weight = | country = {{GER}} | turnedpro = 1988 | show-medals = no | medaltemplates ={{Medal|Competition|Olympic Games}}{{Medal|Gold|1994 Lillehammer|5000 m}}{{Medal|Gold|1998 Nagano|5000 m}}{{Medal|Gold|2002 Salt Lake City|3000 m}}{{Medal|Gold|2002 Salt Lake City|5000 m}}{{Medal|Gold|2006 Turin|Team pursuit}}{{Medal|Silver|1998 Nagano|3000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|2006 Turin|5000 m}}{{Medal|Bronze|1992 Albertville|5000 m}}{{Medal|Bronze|1994 Lillehammer|3000 m}}{{Medal|Competition|World Championships}}{{Medal|Gold|1996 Hamar|5000 m}}{{Medal|Gold|2000 Nagano|1500 m}}{{Medal|Gold|2000 Nagano|3000 m}}{{Medal|Gold|2000 Milwaukee|Allround}}{{Medal|Gold|2003 Berlin|5000 m}}{{Medal|Gold|2004 Seoul|3000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|1996 Hamar|1500 m}}{{Medal|Silver|1996 Hamar|3000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|1996 Inzell|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|1997 Nagano|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|1998 Calgary|3000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|1998 Calgary|5000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|1998 Heerenveen|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|1999 Heerenveen|3000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|1999 Heerenveen|5000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|1999 Hamar|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|2000 Nagano|5000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|2001 Salt Lake City|5000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|2001 Budapest|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|2003 Berlin|3000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|2003 Gothenburg|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|2004 Hamar|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|2005 Inzell|3000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|2005 Inzell|5000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|2006 Calgary|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|2007 Salt Lake City|5000 m}}{{Medal|Silver|2017 Gangneung|5000 m}}{{Medal|Bronze|1998 Calgary|1500 m}}{{Medal|Bronze|1997 Warszawa|5000 m}}{{Medal|Bronze|2001 Salt Lake City|3000 m}}{{Medal|Bronze|2002 Heerenveen|Allround}}{{Medal|Bronze|2004 Seoul|5000 m}}{{Medal|Bronze|2005 Moscow|Allround}}{{Medal|Bronze|2007 Salt Lake City|Team pursuit}}{{Medal|Bronze|2008 Nagano|Team pursuit}}{{Medal|Bronze|2011 Inzell|5000 m}}{{Medal|Bronze|2011 Inzell|Team pursuit}}{{Medal|Bronze|2012 Heerenveen|5000 m}}{{Medal|Bronze|2013 Sochi|3000 m}}{{Medal|Bronze|2013 Sochi|5000 m}}{{Medal|Bronze|2015 Heerenveen|5000 m}}{{Medal|Competition|European Championships}}{{Medal|Gold|1998 Helsinki|Allround}}{{Medal|Gold|2006 Hamar|Allround}}{{Medal|Gold|2009 Heerenveen|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|1999 Heerenveen|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|2001 Baselga di Piné|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|2002 Erfurt|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|2003 Heerenveen|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|2004 Heerenveen|Allround}}{{Medal|Silver|2012 Budapest|Allround}}{{Medal|Bronze|1996 Heerenveen|Allround}}{{Medal|Bronze|2005 Heerenveen|Allround}} }} Claudia Pechstein (born 22 February 1972) is a German speed skater. She has won five Olympic gold medals. With a total of nine Olympic medals, five gold, two silver and two bronze, she was the most successful Olympic speed skater, male or female, of all-time, until the gold medal of Ireen Wüst in the 2018 Winter Olympics of PyeongChang, and also the most successful German Winter Olympian of all-time. Pechstein is the first female Winter Olympian to win medals in five consecutive Olympics (1992–2006), She won the gold medal in the women's 5000 metres race in three consecutive Olympics (1994, 1998, 2002), with bronze in the first (1992) and the silver medal in the fifth (2006). In the 3000 metres, she won three medals, gold (2002), silver (1998) and bronze (1994). She won her fifth Olympic gold medal in the team pursuit at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. After missing the 2010 Vancouver Games, she made her sixth Olympic appearance at the 2014 Sochi Games, finishing fourth in the 3000 metres and fifth in the 5000 metres. In 2018 she appeared in Pyeongchang Games. BiographyPechstein was born in East Berlin. She held a world record on the 5000 m track with the time 6:46.91 achieved on the Utah Olympic Oval in Salt Lake City on 23 February 2002, which was beaten by Martina Sáblíková on the same oval five years later. Pechstein is a sergeant in the German Federal Police and trains at the force's sports training centre at Bad Endorf. As reported by Olympic news outlet Around the Rings,[1] Pechstein is aiming for an Olympic return, this time as a cyclist. "I will start in the individual pursuit at the German Track Championships from 6 to 10 July in Berlin", she said. "I am also planning to race the individual sprint or the 500-meter time trial. I trust I can do this because as a skater I've trained a lot on the bike. I have nothing to lose. I don't know how this kind of competition works, so this alone is really exciting". Two-year ban because of blood dopingAfter the World Championships in Norway in February 2009, the International Skating Union accused Pechstein of blood doping and banned her from all competitions for two years. This ban was based on irregular levels of reticulocytes in her blood. These levels were highest during the Calgary World Cup 2007 and the Hamar World Championships in 2009; elevated levels were also found during a number of other competitions and training spot checks.[2] Pechstein denied that she had doped and appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in Lausanne, claiming among other things that she has an inherited condition explaining the abnormal measurements. The court affirmed the ban in November 2009, finding no evidence for an inherited condition in the expert testimony provided by Pechstein.[2] This was the first case of doping based on circumstantial evidence alone; no forbidden substances were ever found during her repeated tests.[3][4] In December 2009 she asked the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland for an injunction and was allowed to participate at a single 3000 m race in Salt Lake City, so that she could qualify for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver should her appeal of the ban be successful. She finished 13th in the race on 11 December but would have needed a place among the top 8 to qualify for the Olympics.[5] In January 2010 the Swiss Federal Supreme Court refused to temporarily suspend Pechstein's ban for the Olympics.[6] On 19 February 2010 the CAS ad hoc panel at the Vancouver Olympics rejected Pechstein's last minute appeal to be admitted to the ice skating team events.[7] In February 2010, Pechstein filed a criminal complaint in Switzerland against the International Skating Union, alleging trial fraud.[8] On 15 March 2010, Gerhard Ehninger, head of the German Society for Hematology and Oncology, said that an evaluation of the case points to a light form of a blood anemia called spherocytosis – apparently inherited from her father.[9] Pechstein attempted to use this new evidence in her appeal before the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland. The International Skating Union issued a press release explaining their opposition to this appeal.[10] Pechstein stood to lose her position with the German Federal Police should blood doping have been proved "beyond reasonable doubt". Disciplinary proceedings against her were halted in August 2010 because no such proof was available.[11] Pechstein applied for unpaid leave in order to be able to continue her training, which was denied. As a result, she suffered a nervous breakdown in September 2010.[12] The Swiss Federal Supreme Court issued its final ruling on 28 September 2010, rejecting Pechstein's appeal and confirming the ban.[13] Pechstein returned to competition in February 2011. She next won the bronze medal in the 2011 World Championships in the 5000 m race, finishing behind world champion Martina Sáblíková from the Czech Republic, and her teammate Stephanie Beckert. After this, Pechstein attempted to charge the International Skating Union for damages before German courts. However, on 7 June 2016, the Federal Court of Justice of Germany rejected her appeal by a final ruling. Her lawyer then announced that a constitutional complaint will be filed before the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.[14] Skating recordsPersonal records{{PersonalRecordsTop|ref=[15]}}{{PersonalRecordsSport|Women's speed skating}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|500 m|38.99|18 March 2006|Olympic Oval, Calgary|}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|1000 m|1:16.00|24 February 2007|Olympic Oval, Calgary|}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|1500 m|1:54.31|17 November 2007|Olympic Oval, Calgary|}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|3000 m|3:57.35|18 March 2006|Olympic Oval, Calgary|}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|5000 m|6:46.91|23 February 2002|Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City|Current Olympic and German record.[16][17]}}{{PersonalRecordsBottom}}She is currently in 6th position in the adelskalender.[18] World records{{PersonalRecordsTop|type=World|ref=[19]}}{{PersonalRecordsSport|Women's speed skating}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|3000 m|4:07.13|13 December 1997|Vikingskipet, Hamar|World record until beaten by Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann on 14 March 1998.[20]}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|5000 m|6:59.61|20 February 1998|M-Wave, Nagano|World record until beaten by Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann on 28 March 1998.[21]}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|3000 m|3:59.26|2 March 2001|Olympic Oval, Calgary|World record until beaten by herself on 10 February 2002.[20]}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|3000 m|3:57.70|10 February 2002|Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City|World record until beaten by Cindy Klassen on 12 November 2005.[20] Still current Olympic record.[16]}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|5000 m|6:46.91|23 February 2002|Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City|World record until beaten by Martina Sáblíková on 11 March 2007.[21] Still current Olympic and German record.[16][17]}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|Team pursuit|2:56.04|12 November 2005|Olympic Oval, Calgary|World record (with Daniela Anschütz and Anni Friesinger) until beaten by Kristina Groves, Christine Nesbitt and Brittany Schussler on 6 December 2009.[22]}}{{PersonalRecordsBottom}}Olympic records{{PersonalRecordsTop|type=Olympic}}{{PersonalRecordsSport|Women's speed skating}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|3000 m|3:57.70|10 February 2002|Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City|Current Olympic record.[16]}}{{PersonalRecordsMiddle|5000 m|6:46.91|23 February 2002|Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City|Current Olympic and German record.[16][17]}}{{PersonalRecordsBottom}}Results
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Pechstein Considers Cycling|url=http://aroundtherings.com/site/A__37324/Title__Pechstein-Considers-Cycling-Incheon-2014-Oceania-Qualifying-Shakeup/292/Articles|publisher=Around the Rings|accessdate=20 February 2017|date=29 June 2011}} 2. ^CAS Arbitral Award {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611192252/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/3802/5048/0/FINAL%20AWARD%20PECHSTEIN.pdf |date=11 June 2011 }}, 25 November 2009. 3. ^1 {{citation|url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/233/495558/text/|title=Sportgericht urteilt gegen Pechstein|date=25 November 2009|work=sueddeutsche.de|language=de}} 4. ^{{citation|url=http://www.spiegel.de/sport/wintersport/0,1518,634241,00.html|work=Spiegel Online|title=Olympiasiegerin Pechstein wegen Blutdopings gesperrt|date=3 July 2009|language=de}} 5. ^{{citation|url=http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/298960,pechstein-fails-olympia-mark-vows-to-fight-on--summary.html|title=Pechstein fails Olympia mark, vows to fight on|author=|date=15 February 2010|newspaper=Earth Times}} 6. ^{{citation|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2010-01-26-1078434314_x.htm|title=Pechstein loses last appeal, will miss Olympics|author=|date=26 January 2010|newspaper=USA Today|work=}} 7. ^{{citation|url=http://www.spiegel.de/sport/wintersport/0,1518,678903,00.html|title=Sportgericht lehnt Pechstein-Antrag ab|author=|date=19 February 2010|newspaper=Spiegel Online|language=German}} 8. ^{{citation|url=http://www.spiegel.de/sport/wintersport/0,1518,677949,00.html|title=Pechstein zitiert E-Mail und beantragt Startrecht|author=|date=15 February 2010|newspaper=Spiegel Online|language=German}} 9. ^{{citation|url=http://vancouver2010.sympatico.ca/Home/ContentPosting_2010.htm?newsitemid=2663302&feedname=CP_EN_OGAMES&show=True&number=5&showbyline=False&abc=abc|title=Doctors argue Claudia Pechstein's abnormal blood levels caused by hereditary anomaly|author=|date=15 March 2010|newspaper=The Canadian Press|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706204347/http://vancouver2010.sympatico.ca/Home/ContentPosting_2010.htm?newsitemid=2663302&feedname=CP_EN_OGAMES&show=True&number=5&showbyline=False&abc=abc|archivedate=6 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} 10. ^ISU Position in the Pechstein Case, 18 May 2010. 11. ^Disziplinarverfahren gegen Polizeihauptmeisterin Claudia Pechstein eingestellt {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306111707/http://www.bmi.bund.de/cln_156/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2010/08/pechstein.html |date=6 March 2012 }}, Bundesministerium des Inneren, 16 August 2010.{{de icon}} 12. ^Kritik an de Maizière statt Antritt zum Dienst, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 15 September 2010. {{de icon}} 13. ^Bundesgericht weist Revisionsgesuch der Eisschnellläuferin Claudia Pechstein ab {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302183457/http://www.bger.ch/mm_4a_144_2010_d.pdf |date=2 March 2012 }}, Medienmitteilung des Bundesgerichts, 1 October 2010. {{de icon}} 14. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/sport/wintersport/claudia-pechstein-scheitert-vor-dem-bundesgerichtshof-a-1096222.html |title=Eisschnellläuferin: Claudia Pechstein scheitert am BGH |accessdate=2016-06-07 |publisher=Spiegel Online | date=2016-06-07}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Claudia Pechstein|url=http://speedskatingresults.com/index.php?p=17&s=201|publisher=SpeedskatingResults.com|accessdate=12 September 2012}} 16. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Olympic Records|url=http://speedskatingresults.com/index.php?p=10|publisher=SpeedskatingResults.com|accessdate=19 August 2014}} 17. ^1 2 {{cite web |url = http://www.speedskatingresults.com/index.php?p=11 |title = National Records – Germany (GER) |publisher = www.speedskatingresults.com |accessdate = 4 March 2016}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Adelskalendern |url=http://evertstenlund.se/adeld.htm|publisher=evertstenlund.se|accessdate=3 November 2018}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|title=Claudia Pechstein| url=http://www.speedskatingstats.com/index.php?file=skater&code=1972022201&item=wr| publisher=SpeedSkatingStats.com| accessdate=4 March 2016}} 20. ^1 2 {{cite web |url = http://www.speedskatingstats.com/index.php?file=records&g=w&event=3000 |title = Evolution of the world record 3000 meters Women |publisher = www.speedskatingstats.com |accessdate = 4 March 2016}} 21. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www.speedskatingstats.com/index.php?file=records&g=w&event=5000 |title = Evolution of the world record 5000 meters Women |publisher = www.speedskatingstats.com |accessdate = 4 March 2016}} 22. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.speedskatingstats.com/index.php?file=records&g=w&event=team |title = Evolution of the world record Team pursuit Women |publisher = www.speedskatingstats.com |accessdate = 4 March 2016}} External links{{Commons}}
| title = Women's 3000 m speed skating world record | before = {{flagicon|GER}} Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann {{flagicon|GER}} Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann | after = {{flagicon|GER}} Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann {{flagicon|CAN}} Cindy Klassen | years = 13 December 1997 – 14 March 1998 2 March 2001 – 12 November 2005 }}{{succession box | title = Women's 5000 m speed skating world record | before = {{flagicon|GER}} Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann {{flagicon|GER}} Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann | after = {{flagicon|GER}} Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann {{flagicon|CZE}} Martina Sáblíková | years = 20 February 1998 – 28 March 1998 23 February 2002 – 11 March 2007 }}{{succession box | title = Women's team pursuit speed skating world record | before = {{flagicon|CAN}} Kristina Groves, Clara Hughes, Cindy Klassen | after = {{flagicon|CAN}} Kristina Groves, Christine Nesbitt, Brittany Schussler | years = 12 November 2005 – 6 December 2009 with Daniela Anschütz and Anni Friesinger }}{{s-end}}{{Footer Olympic Champions 3000m Speed Skating}}{{Footer Olympic Champions 5000m Speed Skating Women}}{{Footer Olympic Champions Team Pursuit Women}}{{Footer World Single Distance Champions 1500m Speed Skating Women}}{{Footer World Single Distance Champions 3000m Speed Skating Women}}{{Footer World Single Distance Champions 5000m Speed Skating Women}}{{Footer World Allround Champions Speed Skating Women}}{{Adelskalender leaders women}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pechstein, Claudia}} 26 : 1972 births|German female speed skaters|German sportspeople in doping cases|Doping cases in speed skating|German police officers|Speed skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics|Speed skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics|Speed skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics|Speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics|Speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics|Speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics|Olympic speed skaters of Germany|Medalists at the 1992 Winter Olympics|Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics|Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics|Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics|Olympic medalists in speed skating|Olympic gold medalists for Germany|Olympic silver medalists for Germany|Olympic bronze medalists for Germany|Sportspeople from Berlin|Living people|World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists|World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships medalists |
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