| 词条 | Histioteuthis bonnellii | ||||
| 释义 |
| name = Umbrella squid | image = Histioteuthidae - Histioteuthis bonnellii.JPG | image_caption = Museum model of Histioteuthis bonnellii | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Histioteuthis bonnellii | authority = (Férussac, 1834)[2] |synonyms={{collapsible list|bullets = true |Cranchia bonnellii Férussac, 1835 |Cranchia bonelliana Férussac, 1835 |Histioteuthis bonelliana Orbigny, 1835 |Histioteuthis ruppelli Vérany, 1851 |Histioteuthis collinsi Verrill, 1879 |Histiopsis atlantica Hoyle, 1885 }}}} Histioteuthis bonnellii, the umbrella squid, is a species of cock-eyed squid belonging to the family Histioteuthidae. DistributionThis species is distributed mostly in the Atlantic Ocean. It can be found off the coast of Argentina, South Africa, and the Tasman Sea.[3] There may be several subspecies that exist in the Atlantic Ocean.[3] HabitatThese squids occurs in mid water between 100 and 2200 m in depth. Juveniles usually inhabit the upper water column between 100 and 200 m, while larger individuals can be found between 200 and 800 m and most of mature specimens have been caught between 1000 and 2200 m in depth.[1] DescriptionH. bonnellii is one of the larger species in its genus, usually reaching 33 cm in mantle length[3] and a total length of 119 cm.[4] Mature males can reach a mantle length of {{convert|50|-|330|mm}}.[4]Body of these small to medium sized squids have a purplish color. Moreover they have various luminous organs, especially on the mantle, the arms and the long tentacles. The tentacles are connected by a membrane. The eyes of this animal are not symmetrical and they differ per side of the head. BiologyHistioteuthis bonnellii is able to change color. It moves forward by pumping water into his mantle and pushing it out again through the siphon. It is a carnivore and its food consists mainly of fish, crabs, lobsters and molluscs caught with its suckers. These cephalopods are predated by Northern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus), Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), Blue shark (Prionace glauca), Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris).[5] GalleryBibliography
References1. ^1 {{cite journal | author1 = Barratt, I. | author2 = Allcock, L. | last-author-amp = yes | year = 2014 | title = Histioteuthis bonnellii | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2014 | page = e.T163073A968838 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163073A968838.en}} Downloaded on 06 March 2018. 2. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140111 | title = Histioteuthis bonnellii (Férussac, 1834) | accessdate = 6 March 2018 | publisher = Flanders Marine Institute | author = Julian Finn | year = 2016 | work = World Register of Marine Species}} 3. ^Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney & C.E. Nauen 1984. Cephalopods of the world. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy. 4. ^1 2 3 Young, R.E. & M. Vecchione 2006. Histioteuthis bonnellii (Ferussac 1834). The Tree of Life Web Project. 5. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20041108015717/http://www.cephbase.utmb.edu/prddb/pred.cfm?CephID=346 Predators of Histioteuthis bonnellii on "CephBase "] External links{{CephBase Species|346}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q744574}}{{squid-stub}} 2 : Squid|Cephalopods described in 1834 |
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