| 词条 | HMAS Vendetta (D69) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMAS Vendetta (D69/I69) (formerly HMS Vendetta (FA3/F29/D69)) was a V class destroyer that served in the Royal Navy and the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). One of 25 V class ships ordered for the Royal Navy during World War I, Vendetta entered service in 1917. During World War I, Vendetta participated in the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight, and operated against Bolshevik forces during the British Baltic Campaign. Most of the ship's post-war career was spent operating in the Mediterranean. In 1933, Vendetta was one of five destroyers selected for transfer to the RAN. Over the next six years, the ship was either involved in peacetime activities or was in reserve, but when World War II started, she was assigned to the Mediterranean as part of the 'Scrap Iron Flotilla'. During the Greek Campaign, Vendetta was involved in the transportation of Allied troops to Greece, then the evacuation to Crete. After, the destroyer served with the Tobruk Ferry Service, and made the highest number of runs to the besieged city of Tobruk. At the end of 1941, Vendetta was docked for refit in Singapore, but after the Japanese invaded, the destroyer had to be towed to Fremantle, then Melbourne. After the refit, which converted the destroyer into a dedicated escort vessel, ended in December 1942, Vendetta spent the rest of World War II operating as a troop and convoy escort around Australia and New Guinea. Vendetta was decommissioned in late 1945, and was scuttled off Sydney Heads in 1948. Design and construction{{main|V and W class destroyer}}Vendetta was one of 25 V-class destroyers built for the Royal Navy during World War I.[1] She had a standard load displacement of 1,090 tons, and a deep displacement of 1,490 tons.[1] The destroyer was {{convert|312|ft|0.75|in}} in length overall and {{convert|300|ft}} long between perpendiculars, had a beam of {{convert|29|ft|5.75|in}}, and a maximum draught of {{convert|14|ft|7.5|in}}.[1] Propulsion machinery consisted of three Yarrow boilers connected to two Brown-Curtis turbines, which supplied {{convert|29417|shp}} to two propeller shafts.[2] Although designed with a maximum speed of {{convert|34|kn}}, Vendetta achieved {{convert|35.041|kn}} during power trials.[1] The ship's company consisted of 6 officers and 113 sailors.[2]On completion, the ship's main armament consisted of four single QF 4 inch Mk V naval guns.[1] This was supplemented by a quad-barrelled 2-pounder pom-pom, five .303-inch machine guns, and two triple 21-inch torpedo tube sets.[2] Two chutes and four throwers for depth charges were installed later in the ship's career, with a payload of 50 charges carried.[2] When Vendetta was converted into an escort vessel in 1942, her armament was changed to two 4-inch guns, two pom-poms, four 20 mm Oerlikon guns, seven .303-inch guns, and the depth charge equipment.[2] Vendetta was laid down by the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Limited, at Govan, Scotland on 25 November 1916.[2] The ship was launched on 3 September 1917.[2] Vendetta was completed on 17 October 1917, and commissioned that day into the Royal Navy.[2] The ship's name came from the concept of vendetta.[1] The original ship's badge depicted a stiletto dagger pointing down at an angle, however, at a point after entering RAN service, the design was modified to include an arm, with the hand around the stiletto's hilt.[3] The ship also acquired the motto "Vindico", Latin for "I Avenge".[4]Operational historyRoyal NavyAfter commissioning, Vendetta was assigned to the 13th Destroyer Flotilla.[2] During early November 1917, the destroyer fired on German minesweepers operating in the Kattegat.[2] On 17 November, Vendetta was involved in the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight.[2] On 5 December, the destroyer rescued 430 survivors from {{HMS|Cassandra|1916|6}} after the cruiser hit a mine and sank.[2] In early 1918, Vendetta was assigned to operate against Bolshevik forces in the Baltic; running the destroyer Spartak aground and assisting in the capture of the destroyer Lennuk in separate engagements.[2] After the end of World War I, Vendetta was initially used to tow captured German ships from Scapa Flow for ship breaking.[2] In 1919, the ship served on the Irish patrol from May to August.[2] During 1923, she operated in the Baltic with the Estonian Navy, then was assigned to the Mediterranean from 1924 until 1933.[2] During 1924, the destroyer served as a patrol ship under the command of Lieutenant-Commander W.N.T. Beckett, protecting British interests during the Jeddah War.[2][5] In March 1925, Vendetta, still under Beckett's command, escorted the royal yacht Victoria and Albert III during a royal tour of the Mediterranean.[2][6] Transfer to RANIn 1933, the British Admiralty decided to replace five S class destroyers on loan to the RAN with five more capable (but slightly older) destroyers.[2] Vendetta was one of the five ships selected, and was commissioned into the RAN at Portsmouth on 11 October 1933.[2] The ships arrived in Australia at the end of 1933, and Vendetta was placed in reserve on 31 January 1934.[2] She was reactivated on 10 October, and performed routine peacetime duties until 1 June 1938, when she was returned to reserve.[2] On 29 September 1938, with the threat of a new war looming Vendetta was recommissioned.[2] In April 1939, she was given the honour of transporting the body of Prime Minister Joseph Lyons from Sydney to his final resting place in Devonport, Tasmania.[7] World War IIFollowing the outbreak of World War II, Vendetta and the other four RAN destroyers were deployed to the Mediterranean in October 1939,[2] where they quickly acquired the nickname 'Scrap Iron Flotilla' from German propagandists.[2] In May 1940, the destroyer docked at Malta for repairs.[2] On 18 August, Vendetta participated in the bombardment of Bardia.[38] From 11 October to 9 November, she was docked at Malta with engine problems.[38] On 3 January 1941, Vendetta was involved in a second bombardment of the Libyan city of Bardia, and following its capture by the Allies, was reassigned to patrols of the Libyan coast.[8] During March, the ship was involved in Operation Lustre, the transportation of Allied troops and materiel to reinforce Greece.[8] On 27 March, Vendetta was involved in the Battle of Cape Matapan, where Italian warships attempted to disrupt the Allied troop movements.[8] Vendetta played little part in the battle as engine problems forced the destroyer to first withdraw from the destroyer force to the main battle fleet, then retreat to Alexandria for repairs.[8] The ship returned to duty on 21 April, but the change of Allied fortune in the Greek Campaign forced the withdrawal of most of the troops landed during Lustre, and Vendetta became involved in Operation Demon, the evacuation from Greece to Crete, over the course of April.[8] During May, the destroyer served with the Allied battle fleet of Crete attempting to deny German air superiority during the battle of and evacuation from Crete.[8] From the end of May to the start of August, Vendetta{{'}}s division was assigned to the Tobruk Ferry Service: supply runs to the Allied forces besieged at Tobruk.[8] During the evening of 10–11 July, Vendetta and the destroyer {{HMS|Defender|H07|6}} were returning from a run to Tobruk when the British destroyer was crippled by aerial bomber attacks.[8] Vendetta took on board the soldiers and equipment Defender was carrying, and attempted to tow the ship to Alexandria.[8] On the morning of 11 July, it was decided that salvaging the ship was unachievable, and after taking the crew aboard, Vendetta torpedoed Defender at 11:15.[8] Vendetta performed twenty return voyages to Tobruk: the greatest number by a ship assigned to the supply run.[8] On 20 October, the destroyer concluded service in the Mediterranean, and sailed to Singapore for refit.[9] After the Japanese commenced air attacks on Singapore on 8 December, Vendetta{{'}}s anti-aircraft weapons were removed and used to supplement the dockyard's defences.[10] On 2 February 1942, the stripped-down vessel was towed from the dockyard by the tug St Just, then over the course of the month was towed by {{HMS|Stronghold}}, {{HMAS|Yarra|U77|6}}, then {{HMAS|Ping Wo}} to Fremantle, where she arrived on 3 March.[10] After this, the destroyer had to be towed across the Great Australian Bight to Williamstown Naval Dockyard.[10] Ping Wo started the tow, but only made it to Cape Leeuwin before her engines failed, and a British Phosphate Commission freighter took over, with the corvette {{HMAS|Whyalla|J153|6}} escorting.[10] Three towlines were snapped by the weather conditions, and progress at some points was as low as {{convert|1.5|kn}}, but the ships arrived in Melbourne on 15 April.[10] After most of the refit was completed at Williamstown, Vendetta sailed on 29 September for Sydney, where work was completed in December.[10] During the year-long refit, Vendetta had been modified into a dedicated escort vessel, with a reduced main armament and increased anti-aircraft capability.[11] The period between 1943 and 1945 saw the ship involved in convoy escort and transportation duties in Australian and New Guinea waters.[10] The destroyer's wartime service was recognised with seven battle honours: "Libya 1940–41", "Matapan 1941", "Greece 1941", "Crete 1941", "Mediterranean 1941", "Pacific 1941–43", and "New Guinea 1943–44".[12][13] Decommissioning and fateVendetta arrived in Sydney on 3 October 1945, and was paid off for disposal on 27 November.[10] On 20 March 1946, she was sold to Penguins Propriety Limited for scrapping.[10] After the ship was stripped of all useful material, her hulk was scuttled off Sydney Heads on 2 July 1948.[10]Citations1. ^1 2 3 4 5 Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 153 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 154 3. ^Cassells, The Destroyers, pp. 156–7 4. ^Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 157 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.unithistories.com/officers/RN_officersB3.html#Beckett_WNT |title=Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939–1945 |editor=Houterman, Hans |editor2=Koppes, Jeroen |work=World War II Unit Histories and Officers |publisher=unithistories.com |accessdate=4 March 2012}} 6. ^Lowis, Fabulous Admirals and some naval fragments, pp. 170, 279–283 7. ^{{cite book|first=Anne|last=Henderson|authorlink=Anne Henderson|title=Joseph Lyons: The People's Prime Minister|year=2011|publisher=UNSW Press|page=430}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Cassells, The Destroyers p. 155 9. ^Cassells, The Destroyers, pp. 155–6 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 156 11. ^Cassells, The Destroyers, pgs 154, 156 12. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |title=Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613184920/http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |archivedate=13 June 2011 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |accessdate=23 December 2012}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |title=Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614064156/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |archivedate=14 June 2011 |accessdate=23 December 2012}} References
Further reading
External links{{Commons category|HMAS Vendetta (D69)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2011}}{{coord missing|Pacific Ocean}}{{V and W class destroyer}}{{1948 shipwrecks}}{{Navbox shipwrecks of New South Wales|Scuttlednsw}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Vendetta (D69)}} 8 : V and W-class destroyers of the Royal Navy|Ships built in Govan|1917 ships|World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom|V and W-class destroyers of the Royal Australian Navy|World War II destroyers of Australia|Scuttled vessels of New South Wales|Maritime incidents in 1948 |
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