| 词条 | Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić |
| 释义 |
| name = Hrvoje Vukčić | title = Grand Duke of Bosnia | image = | caption = Cover sheet depiction of Hrvoje Vukčić in Hrvoje's Missal manuscript (1404) | alt = | CoA = | more = yes | succession = Grand Duke of Bosnia | reign = | reign-type = | predecessor = Hrana Vuković | successor = Sandalj Hranić | suc-type = | spouse = Jelena Nelipčić | spouse-type = | issue = Balša Hercegović | issue-link = | issue-pipe = | full name = Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić | native_name = | styles = Grand Duke of Bosnia and Prince of Lower Ends, Duke (Herzog) of Split and viceroy of Dalmatia and Croatia | titles = | noble family = Vukčić-Hrvatinić | house-type = | father = Vukac Hrvatinić | mother = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1350 | birth_place = Kotor | christening_date = | christening_place = | death_date = 1416 | death_place = | burial_date = | burial_place = Jajce fortress crypt | religion = | occupation = | memorials = | website = | module = | signature = }}Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić (ca. 1350–1416) was a Grand Duke of Bosnia, Ban of Croatia and Duke of Split.[2][3] He was the most prominent member of the Hrvatinić noble family, and one of the major feudal lords in Kingdom of Bosnia. He was Grand Duke of Bosnia under three Bosnian kings: King Tvrtko I, King Stephen Dabiša and King Stephen Ostoja. In 1403 he was named regent for Hungary, Croatia and Dalmatia, and was made Duke of Split.[3] Family ConnectionsHrvoje was the eldest son of Duke Vukac Hrvatinić. He had three brothers: Vuk (who was Ban of Croatia), Dragiša and Vojislav. He was married to Jelena Nelipčić,[4] granddaughter of the powerful Croatian noble Ivan I Nelipac (Prince Nelipić) and sister of Ivan III Nelipac (Ivaniš Nelipić). He is first mentioned in 1376 as being prince and knight during the reign of Hungarian king Louis I. The territories over which he reigned were the Lower Edges in Medieval Bosnia, facing Croatia and Slavonia westwards. Rise of Vukčić's powerIn the year 1380 he was made Grand Duke of Bosnia by Bosnian King Stjepan (Stephen) Tvrtko I of House of Kotromanić, granting him a seat in Lašva. In 1387 Hrvoje's first action as Grand Duke was leading a squadron of Bosnian troops to Croatia to raise the siege of Bishop Ivan Horvat in Zagreb. After the death of king Louis I he participated in the battles of succession between Sigismund of Luxembourg and Ladislaus of Naples. He sided with Ladislaus with the promise of becoming ban of Croatia and Dalmatia in 1391. During the reign of King Stephen Dabiša of Bosnia, he participated in the fights against the Ottoman Turks in Bosnia in 1392 - earning Dabiša's eternal gratitude. Hrvoje became Dabiša's main guarantee of staying at the throne - as he declared that he is a faithful servant of the Hungarian King in all cases but those that might damage King Dabiša in 1393. In the heat of internal struggles in Bosnia in 1397 during the reign of Queen Jelena Gruba Hrvoje invited the Ottomans to offer assistance. As an opposer of Queen Jelena, he participated in the selection of Stephen Ostoja as the new King of Bosnia in May 1398. Opposing King Sigismund's Hungarian pretensions, Hrvoje greatly influenced King Ostoja.[3][2] Duke Hrvoje opposed King Sigismund's rule in Bosnia and actively worked to bring Ladislaus of Naples as the new King of Hungary - that would leave Bosnia alone since 1389, and the same year King Sigismund invaded Bosnia. Duke Hrvoje defeated his forces before they reached the City of Vrbas and chased them across the river Una, invading and conquering the župa of Dubica. King Sigismund counterattacked in the fall by assaulting Bosnia. Here, Duke Hrvoje led the forces for King Stephen Ostoja, together with Duke Sandalj Hranić and Duke Pavle Radenović. By the end of 1402, Duke Hrvoje made all Dalmatian cities with the exception of Dubrovnik to recognize King Ladislaus' rule. After the crowning of Ladislaus as the Hungarian King in Zadar in 1403, Hrvatinić was appointed Ban of Croatia (with Dalmatia) and Slavonia as a political enemy of the former King Sigismund. He continually exerted his influence over Bosnia affairs.[3] He was also named Duke of Split, and given possessions on the islands of Brač, Hvar and Korčula. From then on he carried the title of Herzog (duke) of Split, regent of Dalmatia and Croatia, Duke of Bosnia and Prince of the Lower Edges. In 1406 Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić fortified and strengthen Prozor Fortress over the Vrlika valley in Croatia, also given to him by Ladislaus of Naples. He was able to forge his own coins. He came into conflict with King Ostoja and participated in the plot to remove him from the throne and replacing him with Tvrtko II Kotromanić in 1404. Together with Tvrtko II he formed a movement against Hungary and Sigismund of Luxembourg. After Sigismund's military intervention in 1408 and the massacre of the Bosnian army, he allied himself with Sigismund. However, Hungary's victory in Bosnia and the retaking of the throne by King Ostoja weakened him severely. He soon lost control over the islands he had been given, as well as Split. At this point he sought help from the Ottoman Empire. The Hungarian army was defeated at Lašva in 1415, but this would open the door to Ottoman expansion into Bosnia. Hrvoje died the following year and his widow, Jelena Nelipčić, married King Ostoja.{{-}} Hrvoje's MisalDuring this time the Hval Manuscript and Hrvoje's Missal were written in Bosnian cyrillic and glagolitic respectively. The Hval Manuscript is now kept at the University of Bologna while Hrvoje's Missal is kept at the Topkapı Palace Museum Manuscript Library in Istanbul). See also
References1. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Sulejmanagić |first1=Amer |title=Grbovi Vukčića Hrvatinića |journal=Povijesni prilozi |date=23 July 2015 |volume=48 |issue=48 |pages=33–68 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=216468 |accessdate=10 March 2019 |publisher=hrčak - portal hrvatskih znanstvenih časopisa |language=bs, hr |format=html, pdf |issn=0351-9767}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Ančić |first1=Mladen |title=Putanja klatna: Ugarsko-hrvatsko kraljevstvo i Bosna u 14. stoljeću |url=https://books.google.ba/books?redir_esc=y&id=Om1pAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Hrvoje+Vuk%C4%8Di%C4%87 |website=Google Books |publisher=Acad. Scientiarum et Artium Croatica |accessdate=10 March 2019 |language=hr |date=1997}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |last1=Fine |first1=John V. A. |title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest |url=https://books.google.ba/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&pg=PA398&dq=Ladislas+of+Naples,+hoping+to+retain+both+this+territory+and+Hrvoje%27s+support,+gave+his+blessing+to+Hrvoje%27s+ambitions+and+recognized+him+as+his+deputy+for+this+region.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJ2umj8_bgAhVF2aYKHX9PC1sQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=Ladislas%20of%20Naples%2C%20hoping%20to%20retain%20both%20this%20territory%20and%20Hrvoje%27s%20support%2C%20gave%20his%20blessing%20to%20Hrvoje%27s%20ambitions%20and%20recognized%20him%20as%20his%20deputy%20for%20this%20region.&f=false |website=Google Books |publisher=University of Michigan Press |accessdate=10 March 2019 |language=en |date=1994 |quote=Ladislas of Naples, hoping to retain both this territory and Hrvoje's support, gave his blessing to Hrvoje's ambitions and recognized him as his deputy for this region.}} 4. ^Sveučilište u Zagrebu. Institut za hrvatsku povijest; Radovi, 1987 Sources{{refbegin}}
1392-1416}}{{S-aft|after=Vlatko Vuković|years=1388–1392}}{{End}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Vukcic, Hrvoje}} 13 : Vukčić noble family|Croatian nobility|Medieval Bosnian nobility|1350 births|1416 deaths|14th-century Croatian people|14th-century Bosnian people|15th-century Croatian people|15th-century Bosnian people|Order of the Dragon|Bans of Croatia|Grand Dukes of Bosnia|Bosnian magnates |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。