| 词条 | Hutia |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = {{Fossilrange|Early Miocene|Recent}} | image = Capromys pilorides.jpg | image_caption = Desmarest's hutia, Capromys pilorides | display_parents = 3 | taxon = Capromyidae | authority = Smith, 1842 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision =Capromys Geocapromys †Hexolobodon †Isolobodon Mysateles Plagiodontia †Rhizoplagiodontia }} Hutias are moderately large cavy-like rodents of the family Capromyidae that inhabit the Caribbean Islands. Twenty species of hutia have been identified, and at least a third are extinct. Only Desmarest's hutia and the prehensile-tailed hutia remain common and widespread; all other extant species are considered threatened by the IUCN. Their larger relatives, the giant hutias of the family Heptaxodontidae, are entirely extinct. DescriptionMost species have a head-and-body length that ranges from {{convert|21|to|46|cm|abbr=on}} and weigh less than {{convert|2|kg|abbr=on}}, but Desmarest's hutia has a head-and-body length of {{convert|31|to|60|cm|abbr=on}} and weighs {{convert|2.8|-|8.5|kg|abbr=on}}.[1] They resemble the coypu in some respects. Tails are present, varying from vestiges to prehensile. They have stout bodies and large heads. Most species are herbivorous, though some consume small animals. Instead of burrowing underground, they nest in trees or rock crevices. They are hunted for food in Cuba, where they are often cooked in a large pot with wild nuts and honey. At the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base however, there is an over population due to an abundant food source and the lack of natural predators. Desmarest's hutias are referred to by those stationed at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base as banana rats.[2] Banana rats are not named for their dietary preference, but because their feces look like small versions of the fruit. They are known to come out at night. PhylogenyMolecular studies of phylogeny indicate that hutias nest within the Neotropical spiny rats (Echimyidae).[3] Indeed, the hutias family Capromyidae is the sister group to the owl's spiny rat Carterodon.[4] In turn, this clade shares phylogenetic affinities with a subfamily of spiny rats, the Euryzygomatomyinae.[4] Within Capromyidae, the deepest split involves Plagiodontia with respect to other genera, followed by the divergence of Geocapromys. The latter genus is the sister group to a clade in which Capromys branches off before the Mesocapromys and Mysateles split. {{cladogram|title=Genus-level cladogram of the Capromyidae with their relationship to Carterodon and Euryzygomatomyinae. |caption=The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.[4][5][6][3][7][8] |align=center |clades={{Cladogram of Euryzygomatomyinae + Carterodon + Capromyidae genera}} }} Hutias colonized the islands of the Caribbean as far as the Bahamas by island hopping from South America,[9][10] reaching the Greater Antilles by the early Oligocene.[11] This was facilitated by the direction of prevailing currents. SystematicsThe systematics of the 14 extant and 6 extinct recognized species of Capromyidae is as follows.[12][13] Taxa known to be extinct are marked with a dagger (†). Family Capromyidae Subfamily Capromyinae Tribe Capromyini Capromys Desmarest's hutia (Capromys pilorides) Geocapromys Bahamian hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami) Jamaican hutia (Geocapromys brownii) †Little Swan Island hutia (Geocapromys thoracatus) Mesocapromys Cabrera's hutia (Mesocapromys angelcabrerai) Dwarf hutia (Mesocapromys nanus) Eared hutia (Mesocapromys auritus) San Felipe hutia (Mesocapromys sanfelipensis) Mysateles Black-tailed hutia (Mysateles melanurus) Garrido's hutia (Mysateles garridoi) Gundlach's hutia (Mysateles gundlachi) Prehensile-tailed hutia (Mysateles prehensilis) Southern hutia (Mysateles meridionalis) Subfamily †Hexolobodontinae †Hexolobodon †Imposter hutia (Hexolobodon phenax) Subfamily Isolobodontinae †Isolobodon †Montane hutia (Isolobodon montanus) †Puerto Rican hutia (Isolobodon portoricensis) Subfamily Plagiodontinae Tribe Plagiodontini Plagiodontia Hispaniolan hutia (Plagiodontia aedium) †Samana hutia (Plagiodontia ipnaeum) †Wide-toothed hutia (Plagiodontia araeum) †Rhizoplagiodontia †Lemke's hutia (Rhizoplagiodontia lemkei) References1. ^Nowak, R. M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. 2. 6th edition. pp. 1703–1710. {{ISBN|0-8018-5789-9}}. 2. ^{{Cite web | last = Larson | first = Vaughn | title = Sailor Volunteers to Help Base Environment | publisher = Joint Task Force Guantanamo Public Affairs | date = 23 September 2008 | url = http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=39765 | accessdate = 24 September 2011}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Fabre |first=Pierre-Henri |last2=Vilstrup |first2=Julia T. |last3=Raghavan |first3=Maanasa |last4=Der Sarkissian |first4=Clio |last5=Willerslev |first5=Eske |last6=Douzery |first6=Emmanuel J. P. |last7=Orlando |first7=Ludovic |title= Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics|journal= Biology Letters|volume= 10|issue= 7|date=2014-07-01|pages= 20140266|doi= 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266|pmid=25115033 |pmc=4126619}} 4. ^{{Cite journal |last=Galewski |first=Thomas |last2=Mauffrey |first2=Jean-François |last3=Leite |first3=Yuri L. R. |last4=Patton |first4=James L. |last5=Douzery |first5=Emmanuel J. P. |year=2005 |title=Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=601–615 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015|pmid=15683932 }} 5. ^{{Cite journal |last=Upham |first=Nathan S. |last2=Patterson |first2=Bruce D. |year=2012 |title=Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790312000371 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=417–429 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020|pmid=22327013 }} 6. ^{{Cite journal |last=Fabre |first=Pierre-Henri |last2=Galewski |first2=Thomas |last3=Tilak |first3=Marie-ka |last4=Douzery |first4=Emmanuel J. P. |date=2013-03-01 |title=Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach |journal=Zoologica Scripta |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=117–134 |doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x |issn=1463-6409}} 7. ^{{Cite book| last1=Upham| first1=Nathan S.| last2=Patterson| first2=Bruce D.| editor-last1=Vassallo| editor-first1=Aldo Ivan| editor-last2=Antenucci| editor-first2=Daniel| title=Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution| publisher=SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos| year=2015| pages=63–120| chapter=Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera| isbn=| location=Buenos Aires}} 8. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Fabre|first=Pierre-Henri|last2=Upham|first2=Nathan S.|last3=Emmons|first3=Louise H.|last4=Justy|first4=Fabienne|last5=Leite|first5=Yuri L. R.|last6=Loss|first6=Ana Carolina |last7=Orlando|first7=Ludovic|last8=Tilak|first8=Marie-Ka|last9=Patterson|first9=Bruce D.|last10=Douzery|first10=Emmanuel J. P.|date=2017-03-01|title=Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats|url=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/34/3/613/2739699/Mitogenomic-Phylogeny-Diversification-and|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume=34|issue=3|pages=613–633|doi=10.1093/molbev/msw261|issn=0737-4038}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hedges|first1=S. Blair|title=Historical biogeography of West Indian vertebrates|journal=Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics|volume=27|issue=1|date= November 1996|pages= 163–196|doi= 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.163}} 10. ^{{Cite journal | last = Hedges | first = S. Blair | title = Paleogrography of the Antilles and Origin of West Indian Terrestrial Vertebrates | journal = Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden | volume = 93 | issue = 2 | pages = 231–244| date = 2006-08-23 | doi = 10.3417/0026-6493(2006)93[231:POTAAO]2.0.CO;2}} 11. ^{{cite journal|last1= Vélez-Juarbe|first1= J.|last2=Martin|first2= T.|last3= Macphee|first3=R. D. E.|last4=Ortega-Ariza|first4=D.|title=The earliest Caribbean rodents: Oligocene caviomorphs from Puerto Rico|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=34|issue=1|date= January 2014|pages= 157–163|doi= 10.1080/02724634.2013.789039}} 12. ^{{MSW3 Hystricognathi | id = 13400562 | pages = 1575–1592 | heading = Family Capromyidae}} 13. ^{{Cite book|title=Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol 6. Lagomorphs and Rodents I|last1=Fabre|first1=Pierre-Henri|last2=Patton|first2=James L.|last3=Leite|first3=Yuri L. R.|year=2016|isbn=978-84-941892-3-4|editor-last1=Wilson|editor-first1=Don E.|editor-last2=Lacher|editor-first2=Thomas E. Jr|editor-last3=Mittermeier|editor-first3=Russell A.|publisher=Lynx Edicions|location=Barcelona|pages=552–641|chapter=Family Echimyidae (hutias, South American spiny-rats and coypu)|title-link=Handbook of the Mammals of the World}} External links{{NIE Poster|year=1905|Hutia}}
3 : Hutias|Hystricognath rodents|Extant Miocene first appearances |
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