| 词条 | Combretum imberbe |
| 释义 |
|name = Leadwood tree |image= Combretum imberbe, habitus, Steenbokpan.jpg |image_caption = |genus = Combretum |species = imberbe |authority = Wawra |synonyms = * Combretum primigenum Marloth ex Engl.[1] }} Combretum imberbe (leadwood, {{lang-af|hardekool}}, {{lang-st|mohwelere-tšhipi}}, {{lang-ts|motswiri/mondzo}}, {{lang-zu|impondondlovu}}) is a characteristic and often impressive bushwillow species of the southern Afrotropics. The medium to large tree[1] has a sparse, semi-deciduous canopy of grey-green leaves. The twigs and leaves are hairless as the name imberbe suggests. Its heartwood is dark brown, close-grained, and very hard and heavy, as suggested by its vernacular name.[2] The durable heartwood is much sought after in the woodcarving industry. The Hereros and Ovambos of Namibia attach special cultural and religious significance to the tree,[2] as to them it is the great ancestor of all animals and people, which must be passed with respect. RangeIt is native to the mesic savannas of Africa south of the equator, from KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, in the south to Tanzania in the north. It is a native tree in South Africa, Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola, Zambia and Tanzania. It is a protected tree in South Africa.[3] Description{{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = center | image1 = Gekerfde Portugese kruis op Letaba-Hardekool.jpg | alt1 = | width1 = 220 | caption1 = A cross carved by 1860's travellers, as it appears 150 years later | image2 = Combretum imberbe00.jpg | alt2 = | width2 = 220 | caption2 = The distinctively coarse, granulated bark | background color=;border:none;}} The largest bushwillow species of southern Africa[2] has a distinct habit and features. It has a spreading, rather sparse, roundish to slightly umbrella-shaped crown. The smallish, grey-green leaves and small, yellowish-green samaras are carried on spiny, attenuate branchlets.[4] It typically grows {{convert|7|metres|ft}} to {{convert|15|metres|ft}} tall,[2] but may reach {{convert|20|metres|ft}}. In maturity the single, solid bole may be up {{convert|1.5|metres|ft}} in diameter. The distinctive bark is pale to dark grey in colour, deeply fissured lengthwise.[1] Irregular horizontal cracks infuse the bark a fairly regular, coarse-grained appearance. Uses
Radiocarbon dating, done in South Africa, has established that a leadwood tree can live up to 1070 ± 40 years [5] and subsequently remain standing for years after the tree has died. References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Hyde |first1=M.|title=Combretum imberbe Wawra|url=http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=141940 |website=Flora of Zimbabwe |accessdate=13 May 2015|display-authors=etal}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |last1=Herrmann |first1=E.|title=A Collation and Overview of research information on Combretum imberbe (Combretaceae) |url=http://www.daff.gov.za/doaDev/sideMenu/ForestryWeb/dwaf/cmsdocs/Elsa/Docs/PT/Combretum%20Imberbe%20Report%202003.pdf |website=daff.gov.za |publisher=Department of Water affairs and Forestry |accessdate=12 May 2015|display-authors=etal}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf |title=Protected Trees |accessdate=13 June 2013 |publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705085122/http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf |archivedate=5 July 2010 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite book |last1=De Winter |first1=B. & M.| last2= Killick |first2= D. J. B.| authorlink = Bernard de Winter |title=Sixty-Six Transvaal Trees |date=1966 |publisher=National Tree List for South Africa |pages=122–123}} 5. ^http://www.daff.gov.za/doaDev/sideMenu/ForestryWeb/dwaf/cmsdocs/Elsa/Docs/PT/Combretum%20Imberbe%20Report%202003.pdf
7 : Combretum|Flora of Mozambique|Flora of Tanzania|Trees of Africa|Trees of Southern Africa|Trees of South Africa|Protected trees of South Africa |
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