| 词条 | Insulin detemir |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 464363066 | IUPAC_name = | drug_name = | tradename = Levemir | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|insulin_detemir}} | MedlinePlus = a606012 | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_US = B | pregnancy_category = | licence_EU = yes | legal_AU = | legal_CA = | legal_UK = | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = Subcutaneous | bioavailability = 60% (when administered s.c.) | protein_bound = | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = 5–7 hours | excretion = | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = none | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | CAS_number = 169148-63-4 | ATC_prefix = A10 | ATC_suffix = AE05 | PubChem = | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB01307 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII = 4FT78T86XV | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D04539 | C=267 | H=402 | N=64 | O=76 | S=6 | molecular_weight = 5913 g/mol }}Insulin detemir, sold under the brand name Levemir among others, is a long-acting insulin used to treat diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2.[1] It is used by injection under the skin.[1] It is effective for up to 24 hours.[1] Common side effects include low blood sugar, allergic reactions, pain at the site of injection, and weight gain.[1] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding appears safe.[1] It works by increasing the amount of glucose that tissues take in and decreasing the amount of glucose made by the liver.[2] Insulin detemir was approved for medical use in the United States in 2005.[2] In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about 2.80 £ per 100 units as of 2019.[3] In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about 29.50 USD.[4] In 2016 it was the 121st most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 6 million prescriptions.[5] Medical useIt is used to treat diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2.[2] With respect to blood sugar management, it appears to work at least as well as NPH insulin and insulin glargine.[2] Side effectsCommon side effects include low blood sugar, allergic reactions, pain at the site of injection, and weight gain.[2] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding appears safe.[1] ChemistryIt is an insulin analogue in which a fatty acid (myristic acid) is bound to the lysine amino acid at position B29. It is quickly absorbed after which it binds to albumin in the blood through its fatty acid at position B29. It then slowly dissociates from this complex. Society and cultureOn June 13, 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a public health advisory for insulin determir after learning that 129,000 stolen vials reappeared and were being sold in the U.S. market. The FDA warned that the stolen vials "may not have been stored and handled properly and may be dangerous for patients to use." The stolen vials were identified as lots XZF0036, XZF0037, and XZF0038.[6] References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Insulin detemir Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/insulin-detemir.html |website=Drugs.com |accessdate=3 March 2019 |language=en}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |title=Insulin Detemir Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/insulin-detemir.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |accessdate=3 March 2019 |language=en}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=701|edition=76}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27 |url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6 |website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |accessdate=3 March 2019 |language=en}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=The Top 300 of 2019 |url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx |website=clincalc.com |accessdate=22 December 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm166358.htm |accessdate=9 March 2019}} External links
3 : RTT|Insulin receptor agonists|Insulin therapies |
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