| 释义 |
- Information
- Formats supported Audio formats supported Video formats supported Caption/subtitle formats supported
- See also
- Notes and references
{{Update|License status|date=November 2013}}This table compares features of container formats (video file formats). To see which multimedia players support which container format, look at comparison of media players. Information| Name and file extension | Proprietor / developer | License | Variable bit rate audio | Variable frame rate | Chapters | Captions / subtitles | Video coding formats | Audio coding formats | Metadata / tags | Menus[1] | Streaming | Attachment support[2] | 3D, codecs | 3D, container | Hardware players |
|---|
| 3GP | 3GPP | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | 3GPP Timed Text}} | H.263, MPEG-4 Part 2 and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC}} | AMR-NB, AMR-WB, AMR-WB+, AAC, HE-AAC and HE-AAC v2}} | {{dunno}} | {{no}} | {{yes}}[3] | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| 3G2 | 3GPP2 | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | 3GPP Timed Text}} | H.263, MPEG-4 Part 2 and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC}} | AMR-NB, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, EVRC, EVRC-B, EVRC-WB, 13K (QCELP), SMV or VMR-WB}} | {{dunno}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| Advanced Systems Format (.asf, .wma, .wmv) | Microsoft | Proprietary, patent encumbered}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Almost anything through VFW or DMO; H.264/AVC is problematic}} | Almost anything through ACM or DMO; Vorbis is problematic}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| AVI | Microsoft | {{dunno}} | {{Yes}}[4] | {{Yes}}[5] | Yes, via third party modifications}} | Yes, via third party modifications}} | Almost anything through VFW}} | Almost anything through ACM; Vorbis is problematic }}[6] | {{yes}} through RIFF chunks | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{dunno}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| DivX Media Format (.divx) | DivX, Inc. | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | MPEG-4 Part 2 video encoded to meet DivX profiles}} | MP3, PCM, AC-3}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| EVO | DVD Form | Patent encumbered}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | MPEG-2 Part 2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, VC-1}} | AC-3, E-AC-3, Dolby TrueHD, LPCM, DTS, DTS-HD, MPEG-2 Part 3}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| F4V (Flash Video) | Adobe Systems | Patent encumbered}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | H.264/MPEG-4 AVC}} | MP3, AAC, HE-AAC[7]}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| FLV (Flash Video) | Adobe Systems | Patent encumbered}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | Sorenson, VP6, Screen Video, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC}}[8][9] | MP3, Nellymoser, ADPCM, LPCM, AAC,[10] Speex[11]}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| Matroska (.mkv, .mk3d, .mka, .mks, .webm) | CoreCodec, Inc.[12] | Freely licensed[13]}} | {{yes}}[14] | {{yes}}[14] | {{yes}}[15] | {{yes}}[16] | {{yes2}}Virtually anything (.webm restricts to VP8 and VP9) | {{yes2}}Virtually anything (.webm restricts to Vorbis and Opus) | {{yes}}[17] | {{pending}}[18] | {{yes}}[19] | {{yes}}[20] | {{yes}}[21] | {{yes}}[21] | {{yes}}[22] |
|---|
| MCF | Community | BSD-style license for specs, GNU for tools}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}}[23] | {{yes}}[23] | Not fully specified}} | Not fully specified}} | {{yes}} | Possible}}[24] | {{yes}}[25] | {{yes}}[23] | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{no}} |
|---|
| MP4 | MPEG | Patent encumbered}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | In specially formatted text track (QuickTime); 2) In userdata atom (started by Nero Digital) can't interact with the sceneDescription, or via segmentDescriptor}} | ttxt, VobSubs with private objectTypeIndication not usable with the sceneDescription (started by Nero), BIFS}} | HEVC/MPEG-H Part 2/H.265, MPEG-2 Part 2, MPEG-4 ASP, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, H.263, VC-1, Dirac, others[26]}} | MPEG-2/4 (HE)-AAC, MPEG-1/2 Layers I, II, III (MP3), AC-3, Apple Lossless, ALS, SLS, Vorbis(with private objectTypeIndication), others[26]}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| MPEG Video File (.mpg, .mpeg) | MPEG | Patent encumbered}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | MPEG-1, MPEG-2[32]}} | MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), other formats only in private streams: LPCM[33]}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| MPEG program stream PS (.m2p, .ps) | MPEG | Patent encumbered}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | Only in private streams — used in VOB files on DVDs}} | Only in private streams — used in VOB files on DVDs}} | MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 Part 2,[27] VC-1, H.264[28]}} | MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), other formats only in private streams: AAC, AC-3, LPCM, DTS[29]}} | {{no}} | Only in private streams — used in VOB files on DVDs}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| MPEG transport stream TS (.ts) | MPEG | Patent encumbered}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | possible via ETSI EN 300 743}} | MPEG-1, MPEG-2 Part 2, MPEG-4 ASP, H.264, JPEG 2000, TICO, other formats in private streams: VC-1, Dirac[30]}} | MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), AAC, other formats in private streams: AC-3, LPCM, DTS[30]}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| BDAV MPEG-2 transport stream (.m2ts) | Blu-ray Disc Association | {{Proprietary}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | MPEG-2 Part 2, H.264, VC-1}} | AC-3, DTS, LPCM, Dolby Digital Plus, DTS HD, Dolby Lossless}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}}[31] |
|---|
| MXF | SMPTE | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{yes2}} Virtually anything | {{yes2}} Virtually anything | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{no}} |
|---|
| Ogg | Xiph.org | Patent-free, Free software implementations available}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Ogg Writ, Ogg Kate}} | Theora, Dirac, OggUVS, MNG and others,[32][33] and almost anything else via VFW}} | Vorbis, FLAC, Speex, Opus, OggPCM,[32][33] and almost anything else via ACM}} | CMML, Ogg Skeleton, Vorbis comment}}[34] | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| QuickTime (.mov, .qt) | Apple | {{Proprietary}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | MPEG-2 (OS X Lion or later), MPEG-4 Part 2, H.264, H.263, H.261, Apple ProRes, Apple Pixlet, Cinepak, Component Video, DV, DVC Pro 50, Graphics, Motion JPEG, Photo JPEG, QuickTime Animation, Sorenson Video 2, Sorenson Video 3}}[35] | AAC (MPEG-4 Audio), HE-AAC, Apple Lossless, MP3, AMR Narrowband, MS ADPCM, QDesign Music 2, Qualcomm PureVoice (QCELP), IMA 4:1, MACE 3:1 (Mac OS X v10.6.x only), MACE 6:1 (Mac OS X v10.6.x only), ALaw 2:1, ULaw 2:1}}[36] | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| RMVB | RealNetworks | {{Proprietary}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | RealVideo 8, 9, 10}} | (HE)-AAC, Cook Codec, Vorbis, RealAudio Lossless}} | {{dunno}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| VOB+IFO | DVD Forum | {{Proprietary}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | MPEG-2 Part 2, MPEG-1 Part 2}} | AC-3, LPCM, DTS, MPEG-2 Part 3, MPEG-1 Layer II}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| Name and file extension | Proprietor / developer | License | Variable bit rate audio | Variable frame rate | Chapters | Captions / subtitles | Video coding formats | Audio coding formats | Metadata / tags | Menus[1] | Streaming | Attachment support[2] | 3D, codecs | 3D, container | Hardware players |
|---|
Formats supportedAudio formats supported | Lossy compression | No compression | Lossless compression |
|---|
| MP3 | WMA | Vorbis | Opus | AAC | AC-3 | DTS | PCM | LPCM | FLAC | ALAC | MLP / Dolby TrueHD | DTS-HD |
|---|
| AVI | {{yes}} | {{yes}}[37] | Not officially}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}}[38] | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| Matroska | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| MP4 | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Not officially}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}}[39] | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | Not officially[40]}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}}[41] |
|---|
| MPG | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{no}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| MXF | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| Ogg | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{no}} |
|---|
| QuickTime | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} |
|---|
Video formats supported | MPEG-1 | MPEG-2 | MPEG-4 (A)SP | H.264/ MPEG-4 AVC | H.265/ HEVC | VC-1/ WMV | Real Video | Theora | Microsoft MPEG4 V2 | VP8 | VP9 | MVC |
|---|
| AVI | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}}[42] | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| Matroska | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}}[43] |
|---|
| MP4 | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}}[44] | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |
|---|
| MXF | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| Ogg | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| QuickTime | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}}[45] | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
Caption/subtitle formats supported| MicroDVD | MPEG-4 Timed Text | MPSub | SAMI | SubRip | (Advanced) SubStation Alpha | SubViewer | Universal Subtitle Format | VobSub | XSUB |
|---|
| AVI | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{dunno}} | Yes, via third party modifications}} | Yes, via third party modifications}} | {{dunno}} | {{no}} | {{dunno}} | via DivX}} |
|---|
| Matroska | {{yes}} | {{no}}[46] | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}}[47] | {{yes}} |
|---|
| MP4 | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{no}}[48] | {{no}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| MXF | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| Ogg | {{no}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{yes}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
| QuickTime | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} | {{dunno}} |
|---|
{{expand section|date=October 2010}}See also{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}- List of codecs
- Open source codecs and containers
- Comparison of video codecs
- Comparison of audio coding formats
Notes and references1. ^1 The ability to display interactive menus as with DVDs
2. ^1 The ability to hold additional files such as fonts for subtitles, etc.
3. ^http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/26244.htm
4. ^ACM cannot handle VBR audio streams in AVI files. Thus, software using ACM to read audio from AVI files will not be able to handle VBR audio streams correctly, even though such files are compliant to the AVI file specification. This is a limitation of the ACM, not of the AVI file format.
5. ^Although AVI is not designed for variable framerates, it is possible to use them without creating a non-standard file by using 0-byte chunks for skipped frames. However it requires framerate to be set to Least common multiple of all framerates used, and produces slight overhead compared to true VFR.
6. ^Although FFmpeg has introduced a solution to put Vorbis audio into AVI files, this "extension" is not compatible with existing Vorbis decoders for DirectShow and ACM. Putting Vorbis in an AVI container is very problematic. The way Nandub stored Vorbis audio streams in AVI files occasionally caused desychronisation when seeking.
7. ^{{cite journal | author = Adobe Systems Incorporated | title = Video File Format Specification, Version 10 | publisher = Adobe Systems Incorporated | date = November 2008 | url = http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/flv/pdfs/video_file_format_spec_v10.pdf | format = PDF | page = 33 | accessdate = 2009-08-03}}
8. ^H.264/MPEG-4 AVC support is available in Adobe Flash Player 9 Update 3 (version 9.0.115.0 from December 2007) press release
9. ^H.264/MPEG-4 AVC What just happened to video on the web? {{cite web|url=http://www.kaourantin.net/2007/08/what-just-happened-to-video-on-web_20.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-08-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106113036/http://www.kaourantin.net/2007/08/what-just-happened-to-video-on-web_20.html |archivedate=2010-01-06 |df= }}
10. ^AAC support is available in Adobe Flash Player 9 Update 3 (version 9.0.115.0 from December 2007) press release
11. ^{{cite journal|author=Adobe Systems Incorporated |title=Video File Format Specification, Version 10 |publisher=Adobe Systems Incorporated |date=November 2008 |url=http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flv/pdf/video_file_format_spec_v10.pdf |format=PDF |page=6 |accessdate=2009-08-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206025343/http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flv/pdf/video_file_format_spec_v10.pdf |archivedate=February 6, 2009 }}
12. ^Although CoreCodec holds the copyrights and trademarks for the Matroska specification, the specifications are open to everybody. The source code of the libraries developed by the Matroska team is licensed under the LGPL and BSD licenses.
13. ^Anyone can use it or modify it for their own needs without paying any license or patents. http://www.matroska.org/info/legal/index.html
14. ^1 Matroska is designed to store VBR and VFR content. http://www.matroska.org/technical/guides/faq/index.html
15. ^Matroska supports simple chapters and nested chapters. http://www.matroska.org/technical/specs/chapters/index.html
16. ^Matroska subtitle specification. http://www.matroska.org/technical/specs/subtitles/index.html
17. ^The tagging system of Matroska http://www.matroska.org/technical/specs/tagging/index.html
18. ^Matroska Menu Specifications
19. ^Matroska can be streamed over HTTP and RTP/RTSP, through it is not meant to be streamed over RTP, as the two have duplicate features. Matroska live streams are different from the files and some features of the file format are not supported in live streams. http://www.matroska.org/technical/streaming/index.html
20. ^Matroska can store any type of file. http://www.matroska.org/technical/specs/index.html#Attachment
21. ^1 Matroska 3D Specification
22. ^Companies producing Matroska-supporting hardware include Asus (ASUS Digital Media Player), OPPO Digital (Oppodigital.com OPPO BDP-83 Blue-ray Disc Player), Panasonic ([https://gizmodo.com/5120212/samsungs-2009-hdtv-lineup-leaked Gizmodo.com], Samsung's 2009 HDTV Lineup Leaked), and LG (Asia.cnet.com How to select the right LG HDTV)
23. ^1 2 MCF Specifications
24. ^Menu is possible, but not specified yet
25. ^Streaming for MCF
26. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://mp4ra.org/#/codecs | author = mp4ra.org — MP4 Registration authority | title = Registered types — Codecs, MPEG-4 Registration authority | year = | accessdate = 2019-03-05}}
27. ^1 ISO (2000-12-01) ISO/IEC 13818-1 : 2000, Second edition {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611214610/http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf |date=June 11, 2010 }} Retrieved on 2009-07-25
28. ^{{cite book|last=Kalva|first=Jae-Beom Lee, Hari|title=The VC-1 and H.264 video compression standards for broadband video services|year=2008|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-71042-6|edition=1}}
29. ^1 DVD Resources for Open Source Development, DVD — MPEG differences, Retrieved on 2009-07-28
30. ^1 SMPTE Registration Authority, LLC — registration authority for MPEG-2 format identifiers {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128120057/http://www.smpte-ra.org/mpegreg/mpeg.html |date=2010-01-28 }} Retrieved on 2009-07-06
31. ^M2ts#Software support
32. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions | title=MIME Types and File Extensions | publisher=XiphWiki | accessdate=2009-10-24 }}
33. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5334 | title=RFC 5334 — Ogg Media Types | publisher=IETF | date=September 2008 | accessdate=2009-10-24 }}
34. ^{{cite web|publisher=Xiph Wiki|url=http://wiki.xiph.org/Metadata|date=2005-12-20|title=Ogg Metadata|accessdate=2007-08-31}}
35. ^[https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201290].
36. ^[https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201290].
37. ^Older types of RealAudio (including ATRAC3)use constant bitrate compression, and therefore are fully compatible with the ancient ACM interface. Newest type of RealAudio is actually AAC, which never has been a problem to the DirectShow-based decoders.
38. ^There is a value in the stream headers, called dwSampleSize, which is 0 in order to trigger VBR stream seeking. This is officially documented in the MSDN and not a hack, bug or whatever. The way MP3-VBR and AAC are stored in AVI are specified and completely compliant with the AVI file specification.
39. ^According to "ETSI TS 102 366 v1.2.1 - Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, Enhanced AC-3) Standard, Annex F"
40. ^[https://git.xiph.org/?p=flac.git;a=blob;f=doc/isoflac.txt Encapsulation of FLAC in ISO Base Media File Format] Xiph.Org Foundation
41. ^{{cite web|title=MP4 Registration Authority|url=http://www.mp4ra.org/object.html|publisher=ISO|accessdate=2013-10-10}}
42. ^Again, B-frames in an AVI file are a problem only for the ancient Video-for-Windows API, not for the AVI container itself.
43. ^Stereo 3D in Matroska can be handled with codecs like MVC.
44. ^As specified by SMPTE Recommended Practices 2025–2007, "VC-1 Bitstream Storage in the ISO Base Media File Format."
45. ^{{cite web|title=Using HEIF or HEVC media on Apple Devices|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT207022|website=Using HEIF or HEVC media on Apple Devices - Apple Support|accessdate=4 October 2017}}
46. ^[https://gitlab.com/mbunkus/mkvtoolnix/issues/2224#note_60467777 Time Text subtitles aren't supported, as stated by the MKV container developer himself].
47. ^The requirement for muxing VobSub into matroska is v7 subtitles.
48. ^Difficult to locate this in plain english but confirmed from #ffmpeg.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Comparison Of Container Formats}} 3 : Multimedia software comparisons|Digital container formats|Comparisons of computer file formats |