| 词条 | Constantine Phipps, 1st Marquess of Normanby |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Most Honourable | name = The Marquess of Normanby | honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KG|GCB|GCH|PC}} | image = Constantine Henry Phipps, 1st Marquess of Normanby by John Jackson.jpg | imagesize = | order1 = Lord Lieutenant of Ireland | term_start1 = 29 April 1835 | term_end1 = 13 March 1839 | monarch1 = William IV Victoria | primeminister1 = The Viscount Melbourne | predecessor1 = The Earl of Haddington | successor1 = Viscount Ebrington | order2 = Home Secretary | term_start2 = 30 August 1839 | term_end2 = 30 August 1841 | monarch2 = Victoria | primeminister2 = The Viscount Melbourne | predecessor2 = Lord John Russell | successor2 = Sir James Graham | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1797|05|15}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1863|7|28|1797|5|15}} | death_place = | nationality = British | party = Whig | alma_mater = Trinity College, Cambridge | spouse = {{marriage|Maria Liddell|1818}} }} Constantine Henry Phipps, 1st Marquess of Normanby {{postnominals|country=GBR|KG|GCB|GCH|PC}} (15 May 1797 – 28 July 1863), styled Viscount Normanby between 1812 and 1831 and known as The Earl of Mulgrave between 1831 and 1838, was a British Whig politician and author. He notably served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1835 to 1839 and as Home Secretary from 1839 to 1841 and was British Ambassador to France between 1846 and 1852. Background and educationNormanby was the son of Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave and Martha Sophia, daughter of Christopher Thompson Maling. His great-grandfather William Phipps had married Lady Catherine Annesley, who was the daughter and heiress of James Annesley, 3rd Earl of Anglesey and his wife Lady Catherine Darnley (an illegitimate daughter of King James II by his mistress Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester). Lady Catherine Darnley had later married John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, and hence Constantine Phipps, 2nd Earl of Mulgrave and later 1st Marquess of Normanby was the step-great-great-grandson of the 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge,[1] where he was the second President of the Cambridge Union Society.[2] Political careerAfter attaining his majority, he was returned on his father's interest for Scarborough in 1818. However, in the summer of 1819, he began to break with his family's Tory politics, and signalised his conversion to the Whigs by joining Brooks' Club on 3 December.[3] When Parliament was dissolved in 1820, Normanby was in Florence, Italy, to which he was a regular visitor. His brother Charles kept up the family interest with the Scarborough corporation, and Normanby was returned in absentia in March, despite being politically at odds with his father. This state of affairs was not to last long: in May, Normanby was compelled to take the Chiltern Hundreds by Lord Mulgrave, to vacate the seat for Mulgrave's brother Edmund.[4] His standing as a former Tory minister's son made Normanby valuable to the Whigs, and they hoped to return him to Parliament in another seat. An attempt was made to have him put in at St Ives at a by-election in 1821, but support proved to be lacking, and Normanby withdrew without contesting the seat. The illness and death of William Plumer in the beginning of 1822 allowed him to take his seat in February for Higham Ferrers, a pocket borough of the Whig grandee Earl Fitzwilliam.[4] He made a considerable reputation by political pamphlets and by his speeches in the house. He was returned for Malton at the general election of 1826,[1] another one of Fitzwilliam's boroughs.[4] He was already known as a writer of romantic tales, The English in Italy (1825); in the same year he made his appearance as a novelist with Matilda, and in 1828 he produced another novel, Yes and No.[1] He declined to be nominated again for Malton in 1830, anticipating the imminent death of his father, and was thus out of Parliament when Lord Grey formed a government in November 1830. Normanby hoped for employment by the foreign office, but none was forthcoming. Through Lord Durham, Normanby solicited a writ in acceleration from Grey in early 1831, which would have brought him up to the House of Lords before his father's death; but Normanby succeeded to the Earldom of Mulgrave on his father's death in April, rendering it moot.[4] In 1832, Mulgrave was sent out as Governor of Jamaica and was afterwards appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1835–1839).[1] On his visit to Wexford in 1836 he heard a Congratulatory Address in the ancient Forth and Bargy dialect, then already on the point of becoming extinct. He was created Marquess of Normanby on 25 June 1838, and held successively the offices of colonial secretary and home secretary in the last years of Lord Melbourne's ministry.[1] While Colonial Secretary, he wrote a letter of instructions to William Hobson, in which the government's policy for the sovereignty of New Zealand was set out. Diplomatic careerFrom 1846 to 1852 he was ambassador at Paris, and from 1854 to 1858 minister at Florence. The publication in 1857 of a journal kept in Paris during the stormy times of 1848 (A Year of Revolution), brought him into violent controversy with Louis Blanc, and he came into conflict with Lord Palmerston and William Ewart Gladstone, after his retirement from the public service, on questions of French and Italian policy.[1] FamilyLord Normanby married Maria Liddell (1798–1882), daughter of Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth, in 1818. He died in London on 28 July 1863, aged 66, and was succeeded in his titles by his son George. The Marchioness of Normanby died in October 1882, aged 84. Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Normanby, Constantine Henry Phipps, 1st Marquess of |volume=19 |pages=748–749}} 2. ^{{acad|id=PHPS814CH|name=Phipps, Constantine Henry (Viscount Normanby)}} 3. ^{{HistoryofParliament|1790|first=R. G.|last=Thorne|title=PHIPPS, Constantine Henry, Visct. Normanby (1797-1863).|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/phipps-constantine-henry-1797-1863}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{HistoryofParliament|1820|first=Martin |last=Casey |title=PHIPPS, Constantine Henry, Visct. Normanby (1797-1863), of 19 Grosvenor Street, Mdx. |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/phipps-constantine-1797-1863}} References
External links
Charles Manners-Sutton }}{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for Scarborough | with = Charles Manners-Sutton | years = 1818–1820 }}{{s-aft| after = Edmund Phipps Charles Manners-Sutton }}{{s-bef| before = William Plumer }}{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for Higham Ferrers | years = 1822–1826 }}{{s-aft| after = Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby }}{{s-bef| before = Viscount Duncannon John Charles Ramsden }}{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for Malton | with = John Charles Ramsden | years = 1826–1830 }}{{s-aft| after = John Charles Ramsden James Scarlett }}{{s-gov}}{{Succession box | before=George Cuthbert, acting | title=Governor of Jamaica | years=1832–1834 | after=Amos Norcott, acting }}{{s-off}}{{succession box | title=Lord Privy Seal | before=The Earl of Carlisle | after=The Lord Wharncliffe | years=1834}}{{succession box | title=Lord Lieutenant of Ireland | before=The Earl of Haddington | after=Viscount Ebrington | years=1835–1839}}{{succession box | title=Secretary of State for War and the Colonies | before=The Lord Glenelg | after=Lord John Russell | years=1839}}{{succession box | title=Home Secretary | before=Lord John Russell | after=Sir James Graham | years=1839–1841}}{{s-dip}}{{succession box|title=British Ambassador to France|before=The 1st Lord Cowley|after=The 2nd Lord Cowley|years=1846–1852}}{{succession box | title=British Minister to Tuscany | before=Sir Henry Bulwer | after=Henry Howard (pro tempore) | years=1854–1858}}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-bef| before = Henry Phipps }}{{s-ttl| title = Earl of Mulgrave | years = 1831–1863 }}{{s-aft| rows = 2 | after = George Phipps }}{{s-new|creation}}{{s-ttl| title = Marquess of Normanby | years = 1838–1863 }}{{S-end}}{{HomeSecretary}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2011}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Normanby, Constantine Phipps, 1st Marquess of}} 22 : 1797 births|1863 deaths|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge|British Secretaries of State|Diplomatic peers|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order|Knights of the Garter|Lords Lieutenant of Ireland|Lords Privy Seal|Presidents of The Cambridge Union|People educated at Harrow School|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|Governors of Jamaica|Whig (British political party) MPs|UK MPs 1818–20|UK MPs 1820–26|UK MPs 1826–30|Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France|Phipps family (English aristocracy)|Marquesses of Normanby (1838) |
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