| 词条 | John Egerton (bishop) |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = {{pre-nominal styles|RRevd}} | name = John Egerton | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|}} | image = John Egerton Ep Dunelm.jpg | title = Bishop of Durham | diocese = Diocese of Durham | term = 1771–1787 (death) | predecessor = Richard Trevor | successor = Thomas Thurlow | other_post = Dean of Hereford (24 July 1750[1]–1756) Bishop of Bangor (1756–1768) Bishop of Lichfield (12 October 1768 {translated}[1]–1771) | birth_date = {{birth date|1721|11|30|df=y}} | birth_place = St James's, Middlesex, Great Britain[1] | death_date = {{death date and age|1787|6|18|1721|11|30|df=y}} | death_place = Mayfair, Middlesex, Great Britain[1] | buried = St James's Church, Piccadilly[1] | nationality = British | religion = Anglican | residence = Grosvenor Square, Mayfair (at death)[1] | parents = the Hon Henry Egerton (Bishop of Hereford) & Lady Elizabeth Bentinck[2] | spouse = 1. Lady Anne Grey (21 November 1748 {married}–1780 {her death}) 2. Mary Boughton (31 March 1782 {married}–1787 {his death})[1] | children = Amelia Lady Hume John Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater Francis Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater | profession = Church of England | education = Eton College[1] | alma_mater = Oriel College, Oxford[1] }}{{Ordination | name = John Egerton | ordained deacon by = Benjamin Hoadly, Bishop of Winchester | date of diaconal ordination = 21 December 1745 | place of diaconal ordination = Grosvenor Chapel | ordained priest by = Hoadly | date of priestly ordination = 22 December 1745 | place of priestly ordination = Grosvenor Chapel | consecrated by = | co-consecrators = | date of consecration = 4 July 1756 | place of consecration = | elevated by = | date of elevation = | bishop 1 = | consecration date 1 = | sources = [1][3][4] }} John Egerton (30 November 1721 –18 June 1787) was a Church of England bishop from the Egerton family. He was consecrated Bishop of Bangor in 1756 (Welsh dioceses were part of the Church of England until 1920) and translated to Lichfield in 1768. He was translated again in 1771 to become Bishop of Durham, which see he held until his death in 1787. Welsh language controversy{{main|Thomas Bowles}}In 1766 Egerton caused controversy by appointing a monoglot English priest, Dr Thomas Bowles, to the parish of St Beuno, Trefdraeth and its chapelry of St Cwyfan, Llangwyfan.[5][6] All but five of the parishioners spoke only Welsh, so the parishioners and churchwardens of Trefdraeth petitioned against Bowles' appointment, with the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion supporting and helping to fund their case.[5][6] The Court of Arches heard evidence in the case in May 1770 but did not hear the prosecution and defence arguments until January 1773.[5][6] The prosecution argued that Bowles' inability to minister in Welsh contravened Article XXV of the Articles of Religion, the Act for the Translation of the Scriptures into Welsh 1563 and the Act of Uniformity 1662.[5] The defence argued that the prosecution would have to prove that Bowles was totally incapable of speaking any Welsh at all, and even if they did so Bowles had lawfully been granted the ecclesiastical freehold and therefore could not be deprived of it.[5] The case was judged by Dean of Arches, George Hay. He agreed with the prosecution that only clergy who could speak Welsh should be appointed to Welsh-speaking parishes. However, he agreed with the defence that the case to deprive Bowles of the living had not been proved.[5] He therefore allowed Bowles remain in post, which he did until he died in November of that year.[5] Bowles was then replaced in the parish and chapelry with Richard Griffith, a priest who spoke Welsh.[5] FamilyEgerton was the eldest son of Henry Egerton, Bishop of Hereford, himself a younger son of the 3rd Earl of Bridgewater. Egerton served under his father as Dean of Hereford and was later Bishop of Bangor 1756–68, Bishop of Lichfield 1768–71 and Bishop of Durham from 1771 until his death in 1787. On 21 November 1748, he married his cousin, Lady Anne Grey, a daughter and coheiress of the 1st Duke of Kent. They had three children:
Lady Anne died in 1780, and on 31 March 1782, Egerton married Mary Boughton, a sister of Sir Edward Boughton. Egerton died in 1787 and the title Earl of Bridgewater (a subsidiary title of his childless cousin, the 3rd Duke of Bridgewater) later passed to his eldest son in 1803. References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite ODNB|id=8590|title=Egerton, John}} 2. ^{{Cite ODNB|id=63756|title=Egerton, Henry}} 3. ^{{CCEd |type=ordination |id=194753 |name=Egerton, John |accessed=15 September 2014 }} 4. ^{{CCEd |type=ordination |id=194759 |name=Egerton, John |accessed=15 September 2014 }} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book |author=The Cymmrodorion |year=1773 |title=The Depositions, Arguments and Judgement in the Cause of the Church-Wardens of Trefdraeth, In the County of Anglesea, against Dr. Bowles; adjudged by the Worshipful G. Hay, L.L.D. Dean of the Arches: Instituted To Remedy the Grievance of preferring Persons Unacquainted with the British Language, to Livings in Wales. |location=London |publisher=William Harris |url= http://www.peoplescollectionwales.co.uk/Item/9534-the-depositions-arguments-and-judgement-in-th |accessdate=18 June 2013}} 6. ^1 2 {{harvnb|Ellis|1993|pp=241–242}} Sources{{Commons category|John Egerton (bishop)}}
8 : Bishops of Bangor|Bishops of Durham|Bishops of Lichfield|18th-century Anglican bishops|Deans of Hereford|1721 births|1787 deaths|Egerton family |
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