| 词条 | Cookham Lock |
| 释义 |
|lock_name = Cookham Lock |image= Cookham Lock, Berkshire.JPG |caption= Cookham Lock, Berkshire |waterway = River Thames |county = Berkshire |maint = Environment Agency |operation = Hydraulic |first = 1830 |latest = 1957 |length = {{convert|55.77|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [1] |width = {{convert|7.62|m|ftin|abbr=on}}[1] |fall = {{convert|1.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}}[1] |sealevel = 81' |enda = Teddington Lock |distenda = 33 miles |endb = |distendb = | map_cue= | map_image= | map_text= | map_width= | coordinates= | lat= | long= | extra= }}{{Cookham Lock map}}{{stack end}} Cookham Lock is a lock with weirs situated on the River Thames near Cookham, Berkshire. The lock is set in a lock cut which is one of four streams here and it is surrounded by woods. On one side is Sashes Island and on the other is Mill Island connected to Formosa Island, the largest on the non-tidal Thames. There are several weirs here. Hedsor weir was placed across the old navigation channel in 1837, seven years after the lock was opened. There is a lower weir, and Odney weir is on the channel next to Formosa Island. A short distance away from the lock is Odney, with the Odney Club situated on an ait. Navigation to the Odney Club by boat is possible, but is extremely difficult due to the shallow waters. It is thought that this is deliberate - to disallow non-members from entering the club site without paying the entrance fees. HistoryThe navigation route was formerly down Hedsor Water and the only weir was associated with the mill. After the building of Marlow Lock in 1773 there were problems with shallow water upstream, and the earliest suggestions were for a stop at Cookham to hold the water back. In 1794 it was considered one of the most dangerous parts on the river, mainly on account of chalk boulders falling into the Thames. Plans for a lock and cut were formulated in 1807, but seven years later, the City of London were complaining that no action had been taken.{{sfn |Thacker |1968 |p=308}} In 1826, a barge carrying stone for Westminster ran aground, swung across the channel, and broke in two, resulting in the loss of the cargo, valued at 40 pounds. Finally, a cut and lock were agreed upon in 1829, the cut going through the northernmost island called The Sashes. Part of the cut was formed from an existing Sashes Stream, and an Ait was removed at the lower end of the cut. The cut modified and elongated the Mill Eyot which was joined with the south eastern corner of The Sashes.[2] The lock opened on 1 November 1830, but no weir was built at this time.{{sfn |Thacker |1968 |pp=308, 310}} The lock and cut cost £8,400 to construct, and the fall on the lock was about {{convert|2|ft|m|1}}.{{sfn |Skempton |1996 |p=171}} When the lock was built, the access to the lock on travelling upstream from Boulter's lock, was originally a towpath ferry (My Lady ferry or Lower Cookham ferry) crossing to Cliveden [3], a Middle ferry crossing back to Cookham lock island from Cliveden [4] and finally the Cookham Upper ferry from the end of the lock island to Cookham [5]. In 1832 Lord Boston of Hedsor House claimed compensation for loss of towpath rights along Hedsor Water which he was granted.{{sfn |Thacker |1968 |pp=310-311}} In 1837 a weir was found necessary and built, as a cost of £650. It doubled the fall on the lock to around {{convert|4|ft|m}}.{{sfn |Skempton |1996 |p=171}} The construction lead to further litigation from Lord Boston for loss of trade to the wharf he owned there. This time the only compensation he received was the building of a flash lock in the weir.{{sfn |Thacker |1968 |pp=312-313}} This was removed when the lock was rebuilt in 1869, as Lord Boston had built eel bucks in the stream in the meantime.{{sfn |Thacker |1968 |p=313}} The lock was rebuilt in 1957. Access to the lockThere is a road from Cookham to Formosa Island and the lock. Access from the Thames Path requires a near 1km walk across Odney Common on Formosa Island and Mill Eyot to Sashes Island, as the ferries no longer run. Reach above the lockBefore the streams split above the lock, the river is crossed by Cookham Bridge. Along the reach on the Buckinghamshire bank is Bourne End where the River Wye joins the Thames. Bourne End Railway Bridge, which includes a footbridge, crosses the river here. Along the Berkshire bank there are water meadows. There are navigation transit markers just downstream of Bourne End Railway Bridge, to allow river users to check their speed. Further upstream towards the Berkshire bank are the Gibraltar Islands which lie in front of Quarry Wood. There are then steep hills overhanging the river at Cookham Dean where the house called "The Mount", where Kenneth Grahame lived as a child is situated. He based much of his book on this part of the Thames which is described as Wind in the Willows country. As the ground levels, the Marlow By-pass Bridge crosses the river a little way downstream of Marlow Lock. Thames PathThe Thames Path, which has passed through Cookham rather than by the lock, runs from Cookham Bridge along the southern bank until Bourne End Railway Bridge, where there is a footbridge. The path crosses this footbridge and then goes along the northern bank to Marlow. The nearest point on the Thames Path is a little under 1km away from the lock and a walk across Formosa Island is necessary to visit the lock. Literature and the mediaCookham was home to the artist Stanley Spencer whose works include Swan Upping at Cookham. See also{{Portal|UK Waterways}}
{{convert|6.44|km|abbr=on}} [6]|downstream=Boulter's Lock {{convert|3.35|km|abbr=on}}[6]|location=SU906855}}{{S-end}} References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/recreation/135271.aspx |title=Environment Agency Dimensions of locks on the River Thames |date=8 November 2012 |work=web page |publisher=Environmental Agency |accessdate=18 November 2012}} Dimensions given in metres 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://collection.rrm.co.uk/objects/10754|title=map|author=|date=|website=River & Rowing Museum|accessdate=28 October 2018}} 3. ^Cliveden ferry http://thames.me.uk/s00748.htm 4. ^ Cookham Middle ferry (Lock ferry); Joan Tucker Ferries of the Upper Thames 2013 {{ISBN|978-1-84868-967-1}} 5. ^Cookham ferry ; http://thames.me.uk/s00770.htm 6. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/recreation/131811.aspx |title=Environment Agency Distances between locks on the River Thames |date=19 November 2012 |work=web page |publisher=Environmental Agency |accessdate=21 November 2012}} Distances given in km Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|first=Alec |last=Skempton |title=Civil Engineers and Engineering in Britain, 1600-1830 |publisher=Variorum |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-86078-578-1 |ref=harv}}
|first=Fred S |last=Thacker |title=The Thames Highway: Volume II Locks and Weirs |year=1968 |origyear=1920 |publisher=David & Charles |isbn=978-0-7153-4233-6 |ref=harv}}{{Refend}}{{coord|51.5613|N|0.695442|W|display=title}} 3 : Locks of Berkshire|Locks on the River Thames|Weirs on the River Thames |
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