| 词条 | Coole Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Coole Park | photo = The Autograph Tree (a purple-leaved beech) in the walled garden at Coole Park, Co. Galway. - geograph.org.uk - 65154.jpg | photo_width = 200 | photo_caption = Autograph Tree in the Walled Garden | map = Ireland | map_width = 200 | map_caption = Location of Coole Park in Ireland | map_alt = | label = Coole Park | label_position = | relief = | mark = | coords = {{coord|53.0965|N|8.835|W|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | type = National | location = near Gort, County Galway | area = {{convert|1000|acre|2}} | created = late 18th century | founder = Robert Gregory | operator = National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland) | status = Open all year | website = {{URL|http://www.coolepark.ie/}} }} Coole Park is a nature reserve of approximately {{convert|1000|acre|km2|0}} located a few miles west of Gort, County Galway, Ireland. It is managed by the Irish National Parks & Wildlife Service, part of the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. The park is in a low–lying karstic limestone area characterised by seasonal lakes, known as turloughs, which are almost unique to Ireland. It has extensive woodlands. There are 6 kilometres of signposted nature trails plus a formal late 18th century walled garden.[1] HistoryThe park was formerly the estate of the Gregory family. Coole House was built in the late 18th century for Robert Gregory: a three storey house with a square porch and as principal rooms a dining room and drawing-room with bay windows facing out to Coole Lough and the Burren Hills, and a library in between them[2]. In 1880, Robert's great-grandson, William Henry Gregory married Isabella Augusta Persse, who became Lady Gregory. The walled garden contains an autograph tree, a copper beech that is engraved with initials of many of the leading figures of the Irish Literary Revival who were personal friends of Lady Gregory including William Butler Yeats, Edward Martyn, George Bernard Shaw, John Millington Synge and Seán O'Casey. The Yeats poem The Wild Swans at Coole was inspired by the beauty of the swans in the turlough at Coole Park. Yeats's home at Thoor Ballylee was just 3 miles away; he also wrote "Coole Park, 1929", a poem that describes the park as a symbol for the revival of Irish literature: "Here traveller, scholar, poet, take your stand, / When all these rooms and passages are gone / When nettles wave upon a shapeless mound / And saplings root among the broken stone." Coole House may have been damaged in the Irish Civil War (1922–23). Lady Gregory sold the estate to the Irish state in 1927, but retained life tenancy. She died in 1932 and the furnishings were soon auctioned off. By the 1960s the state had allowed the Gregorys' former house to fall into a ruin, a neglect deplored by Micheál Mac Liammóir in 1964.[3] Indeed, according to the National Archives, the building was actively demolished by the state in 1941.[4] Today, all that remains is the plinth on which it stood.[5] TodayThe grounds are open to the public all year round (free admission). A visitor centre located in the former outbuildings[6] (late 18th century) operates during high season (April to September inclusive). The centre offers a tea room, an audio/visual presentation on Lady Gregory and the literary history of Coole Park, and also a multi-media exhibition called "Coole Park through the eyes of 'Me and Nu', Granddaughters of Lady Gregory". In 2014, disease forced the felling of many trees[7] in Coole Park for safety reasons, as confirmed by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland). EcologyThe ephemeral nature of turlough hydrology gives rise to a characteristic ecology. Turloughs have been designated as a Priority Habitat in the EU Habitats Directive. Coole Park is part of the Coole-Garryland Complex, a candidate Special Area of Conservation (site code SAC 252).[8] Since 1990 Coole Lough & Garryland Wood has been protected as a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention.[9] Protection for birdsA wildfowl sanctuary, where the shooting of game birds is not permitted, is designated under the Wildlife Act 1976. The park is included in a Special Protection Area for birds under the EU Birds Directive: this site of 520 ha (site code SPA 107) was designated in 1996 because of its importance for wintering waterfowl, notably whooper swan.[10][11] The SPA overlaps with a smaller Important Bird Area, Coole Park and Garryland complex. Notes1. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=GA®no=30412205|title= National Inventory of Architectural Heritage: Coole Park|publisher= Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht| date= |first= |last= |accessdate=20 March 2013}} 2. ^{{cite web|url= http://landedestates.nuigalway.ie/LandedEstates/jsp/property-show.jsp?id=553|title= Landed estates database: Coole|publisher= NUI Galway| date= |first= |last= |accessdate=20 March 2013}}{{cite web|url=http://www.coolepark.ie/history/buildings-remains|title= Coole-Garryland Nature Reserve website| date= |first= |last= |accessdate=29 August 2018}} 3. ^article in the Connacht Tribune, 5 September 1964. 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/exhibition/galway/sport_cultural/CooleHouse1941.html|title=Coole House|work=nationalarchives.ie|accessdate=19 January 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=GA®no=30412204|title= National Inventory of Architectural Heritage: Coole Park (house)|publisher= Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht| date= |first= |last= |accessdate=20 March 2013}} 6. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=GA®no=30412206|title= National Inventory of Architectural Heritage: Coole Park Visitor Centre|publisher= Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht| date= |first= |last= |accessdate=20 March 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://connachttribune.ie/disease-forces-felling-famous-coole-park-trees|title= Felling of Trees in Coole Park|publisher= Connacht Tribune| date= | first= |last= |accessdate=25 May 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/660 |title=Coole Park and Garryland complex |work=BirdLife International |author= |date= |accessdate=January 8, 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: Ireland|url=|publisher=Ramsar.org|accessdate=}} 10. ^Coole-Garryland SPA. European Environment Agency. 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.coolepark.ie/nature/index.html|title=Coole Park and Gardens :: Nature and Wildlife :: Information for Coole Park, Galway, Ireland : W.B. Yeats : Lady Gregory : Turlough (Disappearing Lake) : Abbey Theatre : Whooper Swan|work=coolepark.ie|accessdate=19 January 2015}} External links
8 : Geography of County Galway|Birdwatching sites in Ireland|Forests and woodlands of the Republic of Ireland|Important Bird Areas of the Republic of Ireland|Nature reserves in the Republic of Ireland|Parks in County Galway|Tourist attractions in County Galway|Wetlands of the Republic of Ireland |
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