| 词条 | Jonathan Glover |
| 释义 |
EducationGlover was educated at Tonbridge School, later going on to Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was a fellow and tutor in philosophy at New College, Oxford, and is now a Distinguished Research Fellow at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics.[3] CareerGlover's book Causing Death and Saving Lives, first published in 1977, addresses practical moral questions about life and death decisions in the areas of abortion, infanticide, suicide, euthanasia, choices between people, capital punishment, and war. His approach is broadly consequentialist, though he gives significant weight to questions of individual autonomy, the Kantian notion that we ought to treat other people as ends in themselves rather than merely as means. He criticises the idea that mere consciousness or life itself are intrinsically valuable: these states matter, he argues, because they are pre-requisites for other things that are valuable and make for a life worth living. There is, then, no absolute sanctity of human life.[4] He criticises the principle of double effect[5] and the acts and omissions doctrine,[6] the notion that there is a huge moral difference between killing someone and intentionally letting them die. In his discussion of real cases of moral decisions about killing he draws on insights from history and literature as well as philosophy. Throughout, the emphasis is on the consequences of moral choices for those affected, rather than on abstract principles applied impersonally. In A Moral History of the Twentieth Century, published in 1999, Glover considers the psychological factors that predispose us to commit barbaric acts, and suggests how man-made moral traditions and the cultivation of moral imagination can work to restrain us from a ruthlessly selfish treatment of others. Gaining greater understanding of the monsters within us, he argues, is part of the process of caging and containing them.[7] He examines the various types of atrocity that were perpetrated in the 20th century, including Nazi genocide, communist mass killings under Stalin, Mao, and Pol Pot, and more recent slaughter in Bosnia and Rwanda, and examines what sort of bulwarks there could be against them. He allows that religion has provided bulwarks, which are getting eroded. He identifies three types of bulwark. The two more dependable are sympathy and respect for human dignity. The less dependable third is Moral Identity: "I belong to a kind of person who would not do that sort of thing". This third is less dependable because notions of moral identity can themselves be warped, as was done by the Nazis.[8] In Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason, Sam Harris quotes Glover as saying: "Our entanglements with people close to us erode simple self-interest. Husbands, wives, lovers, parents, children and friends all blur the boundaries of selfish concern. Francis Bacon rightly said that people with children have given hostages to fortune. Inescapably, other forms of friendship and love hold us hostage too...Narrow self-interest is destabilized."[9] In 1989, the European Commission hired Glover to head a panel on embryo research and assisted reproduction.[10][11] WritingsBooks
Chapters in books
References1. ^http://www.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/people/professor-jonathan-glover 2. ^http://www.kcl.ac.uk/law/people/academic-profiles/glover-j.aspx 3. ^http://www.kcl.ac.uk/law/people/academic-profiles/glover-j.aspx 4. ^{{cite book|last=Glover|first=Jonathan|title=Causing Death and Saving Lives|year=1977|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-013479-4|pages=39–59}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Glover|first=Jonathan|title=Causing Death and Saving Lives|year=1977|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-013479-4|pages=86–91}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Glover|first=Jonathan|title=Causing Death and Saving Lives|year=1977|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-013479-4|pages=92–112}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Glover|first=Jonathan|title=Humanity|year=2001|publisher=Pimlico|isbn=978-0-7126-6541-4|pages=7}} 8. ^{{cite news|author = David Cesarani|title = BOOK REVIEW: THE EVILS OF BANALITY; HUMANITY: A MORAL HISTORY OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY BY JONATHAN GLOVER JONATHAN CAPE, POUNDS 18.99, 476PP|quote = Nor is it easy to see the moral slippage that ended in genocide beginning with the much-maligned figure of Nietzsche. Glover blames him for liberating Nazi Germans from the constraints of "Judeo-Christian morality" but, in earlier times, the Bible hardly inhibited the practitioners of slavery or European imperialism from inflicting massive human suffering wherever they went. And what has Nietzsche got to do with the Armenian genocide?|publisher = The Independent|date = 9 October 1999|url = http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T8615326486&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T8615326489&cisb=22_T8615326488&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=8200&docNo=3|accessdate = 21 February 2010}} 9. ^{{cite book|author1=Sam Harris|title=The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason|date=August 11, 2004|publisher=W. W. Norton|isbn=0-7432-6809-1|page=186}} 10. ^{{cite news|author = Ellis Downes|title = Europeans to explore new frontiers; Embryo research|quote = The Brussels authorities commissioned Dr Jonathan Glover, the Oxford philosopher, and a panel of specialists to establish some common ground after a community-wide meeting in Mainz, West Germany, last autumn, failed to agree on any ground rules.|publisher = The Sunday Times|date = 26 February 1989|url = http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T8615326486&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T8615326489&cisb=22_T8615326488&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=332263&docNo=7|accessdate = 21 February 2010}} 11. ^https://www.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/people/professor-jonathan-glover Further reading{{refbegin|2}}
External links
14 : 1941 births|20th-century British philosophers|21st-century philosophers|British pro-choice activists|British philosophers|Living people|Academics of King's College London|Fellows of New College, Oxford|Fellows of King's College London|People educated at Tonbridge School|Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford|Utilitarians|Hastings Center Fellows|Bioethicists |
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