| 词条 | 9K34 Strela-3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|is_missile=yes |name=9K34 Strela-3 |image= SA-14 missile and launch tube.jpg |image_size=250 |caption=A 9K34 Strela-3 (SA-14) missile and launch tube. |origin=Soviet Union |type=Man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS) |used_by=See Operators |wars=Iran–Iraq War, War in Abkhazia (1992–1993), Bosnian War, Second Congo War, Afghan Civil War, Iraq War |manufacturer=KBM, Kolomna |unit_cost= |propellant= |production_date= |service=1974–present |engine= |engine_power= |weight= Missile weight: {{convert|10.3|kg|lbs}}, Full system: 16.0 kg (35.3 lb) |length={{convert|1.47|m|ft}} |height= |diameter= |wingspan= |speed={{convert|410|m/s|km/h+mph}} |vehicle_range=4,100 m |ceiling= |altitude={{convert|2300|m|ft}} |filling= |guidance= |detonation= |launch_platform= }} The 9K34 Strela-3 ({{lang-ru|9К34 «Стрела-3»}}, 'arrow', NATO reporting name: SA-14 Gremlin) is a man-portable air defense missile system (MANPADS) developed in the Soviet Union as a response to the poor performance of the earlier 9K32 Strela 2 (SA-7 Grail) system. The missile was largely based on the earlier Strela 2, and thus development proceeded rapidly. The new weapon was accepted into service in the Soviet Army in January 1974. DescriptionThe most significant change over the Strela 2 was the introduction of an all-new infra-red homing seeker head. The new seeker worked on FM modulation (con-scan) principle, which is less vulnerable to jamming and decoy flares than the earlier AM (spin-scan) seekers, which were easily fooled by flares and even the most primitive infrared jammers. The new seeker also introduced detector element cooling in the form of a pressurized nitrogen bottle attached to the launcher. The effect of cooling was to expand the seeker's lead sulphide detector element's sensitivity range to longer wavelengths (slightly over 4 µm as opposed to 2.8 µm of uncooled PbS elements). In practice this made possible the tracking of cooler targets over longer ranges, and enabled forward-hemisphere engagement of jets under favourable circumstances. The seeker also had better tracking rate, enabling the missile to track maneuvering of fast and approaching targets. A negative side effect from the aforementioned improvements was increased missile weight, which caused a slight decrease in the kinematic performance of the original Strela-2 (SA-7). {{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} Against relatively slow, low-altitude battlefield air threats the overall effectiveness was much improved.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} Strela-3 missiles have been exported to over 30 countries. The original Strela-3 missile was the 9M36. The follow-on to the Strela-3 was Igla. The naval version of this missile has the NATO reporting name of SA-N-8. Operational history{{unreferenced section|date=September 2012}}IraqOn 22 November 2003 an Airbus A300 cargo plane was hit by a Strela-3 missile after takeoff from Baghdad International Airport, but managed to land safely despite losing hydraulic power. On 6 May 2006, a British Westland Lynx AH.7 of the Royal Navy from 847 Squadron was shot down with a Strela-3 over Basra, killing five crewmen and crashing into a house.[1] AbkhaziaDuring the War in Abkhazia (1992–1993), a Russian Mi-8 helicopter was shot down by a Georgian Army SA-14 on December 14, 1992, resulting in the death of 3 crew and 58 passengers, most of them Russian refugees. A Georgian Air Force Su-25 was shot down over Nizhnaya Eshera on 4 July 1993 by SA-14,[2] and several other aircraft on both sides may have been shot down by SA-14s.[3] Former YugoslaviaA British BAE Sea Harrier of 801 Naval Air Squadron, operating from aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal, was shot down during its attack on two Serbian T-55 tanks in Bosnia. The pilot, Lieutenant Nick Richardson, ejected and landed in territory controlled by friendly Bosniaks (16 April 1994). DRC CongoA Zimbabwe Air Force Il-76 was shot down by Congolese rebels using an SA-14 on 11 October 1998 during the Second Congo War, resulting in the death of 40 troops and crew.[4] AfghanistanSA-14s used by the Northern Alliance are credited with having shot down 8 Taliban MiG-21 and Su-22 fighters during the Taliban's 2000 offensive against Taloqan.[5] OperatorsCurrent operators
Former operators
Comparison chart
See also
References1. ^http://www.aviationnewsreleases.com/2009/04/raf-pursues-common-das-demonstrator.html 2. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/PROJECT/YEAR_Pages/1993.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923235258/http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/PROJECT/YEAR_Pages/1993.htm |archive-date=2015-09-23 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Tom|title=Georgia and Abkhazia, 1992-1993: the War of Datchas|url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_282.shtml|publisher=ACIG.org|accessdate=18 February 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Tom|title=Zaire/DR Congo, 1980-2001|url=http://www.acig.info/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=246&Itemid=47|publisher=ACIG.org|accessdate=18 February 2013}} 5. ^{{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Tom|title=Afghanistan, 1979-2001; Part 2|url=http://www.acig.info/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=158&Itemid=47 |publisher=ACIG.org|accessdate=18 February 2013}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/M-files/Armed%20groups'%20guided%20missiles%20-%20March%20update.pdf|title=Guided light weapons reportedly held by non-state armed groups 1998-2013|publisher=Small Arms Survey.|date=March 2013}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite journal| author=International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)| authorlink=International Institute for Strategic Studies| title=The Military Balance 2018| journal=The Military Balance| volume=118| issue=| pages=| date=14 February 2018| language=english| doi= }} 8. ^{{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Tom|title=Georgia and Abkhazia, 1992-1993: the War of Datchas|url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_282.shtml|publisher=ACIG.org|accessdate=18 February 2013}} 9. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2012.html|chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2012/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2012-Chapter-04-EN.pdf|chapter=Blue Skies and Dark Clouds: Kazakhstan and Small Arms|title=Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|author=Small Arms Survey|page=131|isbn= 978-0-521-19714-4}} 10. ^1 2 3 11. ^Istorija sozdanija i razvitija vooruzhenija i vojennoi theniki PVO suhoputnyh voisk Rossii 12. ^General Dynamics FIM-43 Redeye Bibliography
|last=Petukhov |first=Sergei I. |author2=Shestov I.V. |title=History of design and development of missile systems and military systems of AAW of Russian Land Forces / Istorija sozdanija i razvitija vooruzhenija i vojennoi tehniki PVO suhoputnyh voisk Rossii, 1.-2 |publisher=VPK Publishing |year=1998}}
|url=http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-43.html |title=Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles, FIM-43 |accessdate=2008-04-23 |website=| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080417220914/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-43.html| archivedate= 17 April 2008 | deadurl= no}} External links{{commons category|Strela-3}}{{Russian and Soviet missiles|SAM}}{{DEFAULTSORT:9k34 Strela-3}} 3 : Surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union|Surface-to-air missiles of Russia|KB Mashinostroyeniya products |
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