| 词条 | Council of Ancients |
| 释义 |
| name = Council of Anciens | native_name = Conseil des Anciens | legislature = French First Republic | coa_pic = Conseil des anciens sans txt.svg | coa_res = 200px | coa_caption = Emblem of the Council of Anciens | house_type = Upper house | members = 250 | meeting_place = Salle du Manège, rue de Rivoli, Paris | established = 2 November 1795 | disbanded = 10 November 1799 | preceded_by = National Convention (unicameral) | succeeded_by = Imperial Senate }} The Council of Ancients or Council of Elders ({{lang-fr|Conseil des Anciens}}) was the upper house of French legislature under the Constitution of the Year III, during the period commonly known as the Directory (French: Directoire), from 22 August 1795 until 9 November 1799, roughly the second half of the period generally referred to as the French Revolution. The Council of Ancients was the senior of the two halves of the republican legislative system. The Ancients were 250 members who could accept or reject laws put forward by the lower house of the Directory, the Council of Five Hundred (Conseil des Cinq-Cents). Each member had to be at least forty years of age, and a third of them would be replaced annually. They had no authority to draft laws, but any bills that they renounced could not be reintroduced for at least a year.[1] Besides functioning as a legislative body, the Ancients chose five Directors, who jointly held executive power, from the list of names put forward by the Council of Five Hundred. The Council of Ancients had their own distinctive official uniform, with robes, cape and hat, just as did the Council of Five Hundred and the Directors.[2][3] Under the Thermidorean constitution, as Boissy d'Anglas put it, the Council of Five Hundred was to be the imagination of the Republic, and the Council of Ancients its reason.[4][5] The name adopted for the body was based on the French translation/adaptation of the term Senate [6]. Presidents of the Council of Ancients
References1. ^Paul R. Hanson, Contesting the French Revolution, John Wiley & Sons 2009 p.131 2. ^http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6953456x accessed 30/4/2017 3. ^https://chrhc.revues.org/4768#tocfrom3n5 accessed 30/4/2017 4. ^https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01367516/document accessed 30/4/2017 5. ^http://books.openedition.org/pur/19748?lang=fr accessed 30/4/2017 6. ^senate (n.) c. 1200, "legal and administrative body of ancient Rome," from Old French senat or Latin senatus "highest council of the state in ancient Rome," literally "council of elders," from senex (genitive senis) "old man, old" (from PIE root *sen- "old"). Attested from late 14c. in reference to governing bodies of free cities in Europe; of national governing bodies from 1550s; specific sense of upper house of U.S. legislature is recorded from 1775. [https://www.etymonline.com/word/senate Online Etymology Dictionary] accessed 1/11/2017 Sources
8 : Defunct upper houses|1795 establishments in France|1799 disestablishments|1795 events of the French Revolution|1796 events of the French Revolution|1797 events of the French Revolution|1798 events of the French Revolution|1799 events of the French Revolution |
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