| 词条 | Council on Environmental Quality |
| 释义 |
|agency_name = Council on Environmental Quality |seal = US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg |seal_width = 140px |formed = 1969 |preceding1 = |jurisdiction = |headquarters = 730 Jackson Place, Washington D.C. |employees = |budget = |image = |chief1_name = Mary B. Neumayr |chief1_position = Chair |parent_agency = Executive Office of the President |child1_agency = Office of the Federal Environmental Executive |website = [https://www.whitehouse.gov/ceq/ Council on Environmental Quality] }} The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) is a division of the Executive Office of the President that coordinates federal environmental efforts in the United States and works closely with agencies and other White House offices on the development of environmental and energy policies and initiatives. The first Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality was Russell E. Train, under President Richard Nixon. President Donald Trump nominated the agency's acting head, Mary Neumayr for the position in June 2018.[1] Her nomination was confirmed by the full Senate at the beginning of January 2019.[2] OriginsThe United States Congress established the CEQ within the Executive Office of the President as part of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), during the Richard Nixon administration.[3] The CEQ was assigned additional responsibilities by the Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970. In enacting NEPA, Congress recognized that nearly all federal activities affect the environment in some way, and mandated that federal agencies must consider the environmental effects of their actions during their planning and decision-making processes. Under NEPA, CEQ works to balance environmental, economic, and social objectives in pursuit of NEPA's goal of "productive harmony" between humans and their environment.[4] MissionThe CEQ produces an annual report for the president on the state of the environment, oversees federal agency implementation of environmental impact assessments, and acts as a referee when agencies disagree over the adequacy of such assessments. NEPA tasks CEQ with ensuring that federal agencies meet their obligations under the Act, granting the body a significant role in environmental protection. Through inter-agency working groups and coordination with other EOP bodies, CEQ also works to advance the president's agenda on the environment, natural resources, and energy. Clinton AdministrationPresident Bill Clinton appointed Kathleen McGinty and then George T. Frampton Jr. to chair the agency. George W. Bush AdministrationPresident George W. Bush's CEQ chairman was James L. Connaughton, serving from 2001 to 2009. He was formerly a partner at the law firm Sidley Austin LLP,[5] where he lobbied to reduce government regulation on behalf of clients including the Aluminum Company of America and the Chemical Manufacturers Association of America.[6] During the Bush Administration, there were concerns over links between CEQ staffers and the industries it oversaw. BBC Environment Analyst Roger Harrabin described it as "a hard-line group of advisers with close links to the U.S. oil industry."[7] One CEQ chief of staff under President Bush, Philip Cooney, was previously a lobbyist employed by the American Petroleum Institute.[8] In June 2005, The New York Times published an internal CEQ memo provided by federal whistleblower Rick Piltz. The memo showed Cooney had repeatedly edited government climate reports in order to play down links between emissions and global warming. Cooney, who claimed he had been planning to resign for two years, resigned two days after the scandal broke "to spend more time with his family."[9] Immediately after resigning, Cooney went to work for ExxonMobil in their public affairs department.[10] In 2005 Piltz created a watchdog organization Climate Science Watch, a program of the Government Accountability Project.[11] Obama AdministrationUnder President Barack Obama, Nancy Sutley served as Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality from January 2009[12] until February 2014.[13][14] Following Sutley's departure, Michael Boots served as acting head of the Council until March 2015.[15] Christy Goldfuss was appointed to succeed Boots, and served in the same capacity, as "managing director", until the end of Obama's term, in January 2017.[16][17] Trump AdministrationIn October 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Kathleen Hartnett White, former chair of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, to be chair of CEQ.[18] However, her nomination was withdrawn in February 2018 as she did not garner enough support in the Senate.[19] CEQ chief of staff and acting head Mary Neumayr was nominated and considered in summer 2018 as chair, subject to full Senate confirmation vote.[20] See also
References1. ^https://www.realclearpolicy.com/2018/08/02/trump_environmental_nominees_approved_without_dem_support_39146.html 2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/115th-congress/2136 |title=PN2136 — Mary Bridget Neumayr — Executive Office of the President |website=U.S. Congress |accessdate=2019-03-08}} 3. ^United States. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). {{USC|42|4342}} 4. ^NEPA, {{USC|42|4321}}. 5. ^"[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/connaugton-bio.html Connaughton Whitehouse bio]," whitehouse.gov 6. ^Griscom Little, Amanda "Earth Shakers: The Counter-Enviro Power List {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926171051/http://outsideonline.com/outside/features/200505/counter-enviroment-power-list-11.html |date=2010-09-26 }}," Outside Magazine, May 2005 7. ^Harrabin, Roger "Links to oil industry," BBC, 5 October 2006 8. ^Revkin, Andrew "[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/10/politics/11cooney.long.html?ex=1276056000&en=7da9d69d3b1ecb1a&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss Lobbyist for API]," New York Times; June 10, 2005 9. ^Revkin, Andrew "[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/08/politics/08climate.html?ei=5090&en=22149dc70c0731d8&ex=1275883200&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss Cooney resignation]," The New York Times, June 8, 2005 10. ^Wilson, Jamie "[https://www.theguardian.com/usa/story/0,12271,1507554,00.html Cooney move to ExxonMobil]," The Guardian, June 16, 2005 11. ^"History". Climate Science & Policy Watch. climatesciencewatch.org. Retrieved February 4, 2018. 12. ^Mooney, Chris (June 6, 2017). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/06/06/trump-has-filled-just-15-percent-of-the-governments-top-science-jobs/ 85 percent of the top science jobs in Trump's government don't even have a nominee]". The Washington Post. washingtonpost.com. Retrieved February 4, 2018. "The Obama administration also had a chair of its Council on Environmental Quality, Nancy Sutley, in place in January 2009." 13. ^Banerjee, Neela (February 14, 2014). "Obama's environmental advisor set to return to Los Angeles". Los Angeles Times. latimes.com. Retrieved February 4, 2018. Refers to "her five years as head of the White House’s Council on Environmental Quality". 14. ^"Nancy Sutley Receives Women in Sustainability Leadership Award from Green Building & Design Magazine". Los Angeles Department of Water & Power. October 5, 2016 (press release; 2016 archive). Retrieved February 4, 2018. "She is the immediate past Chair of the White House Council on Environmental Quality where she served from 2009 to 2014". 15. ^Eilperin, Juliet (January 13, 2015). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/01/13/mike-boots-one-of-obamas-top-environmental-advisers-to-leave-in-march/ Mike Boots, one of Obama’s top environmental advisers, to leave in March]". The Washington Post. washingtonpost.com. Retrieved February 4, 2018. States that Boots "served as the Council on Environmental Quality's acting head since February 2014". 16. ^Eilperin, Juliet (February 6, 2015). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/02/06/meet-christy-goldfuss-the-newest-environmental-player-in-the-white-house/ Meet Christy Goldfuss, the newest environmental player in the White House]". The Washington Post. washingtonpost.com. Retrieved February 4, 2018. "Goldfuss ... will succeed Mike Boots as acting head of CEQ.... Boots is stepping down in March, and Republican opposition to the president’s environmental policies would make Senate confirmation of any CEQ chair nominee unlikely." 17. ^"[https://www.americanprogress.org/press/release/2017/02/13/297094/release-cap-announces-former-ceq-managing-director-christy-goldfuss-to-serve-as-new-vice-president-for-energy-and-environment-policy/ CAP Announces Former CEQ Managing Director Christy Goldfuss to Serve as New Vice President for Energy and Environment Policy]" (press release). Center for American Progress. americanprogress.org. February 13, 2017. Retrieved February 4, 2018. 18. ^{{cite news |last1=Dennis|first1=Brady|last2=Mooney|first2=Chris|date=October 13, 2017 |title= Trump taps climate skeptic for top White House environmental post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/10/13/trump-taps-climate-skeptic-for-top-white-house-environmental-post/ | work=The Washington Post |access-date=October 13, 2017 }} 19. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/04/583069522/reports-white-house-to-withdraw-controversial-nominee-for-top-environmental-post|title=White House To Withdraw Controversial Nominee For Top Environmental Post|last=Bowman|first=Emma|publisher=NPR|date=February 4, 2018|accessdate=February 4, 2018}} 20. ^{{Cite news|url=https://thinkprogress.org/senate-democrats-go-easy-on-trumps-nominee-for-top-white-house-environmental-office-a371d8e5e7bd/|title=Democrats go easy on Trump’s nominee for top White House environmental office|last=Hand|first=Mark|date=2018-07-18|work=The Hill|access-date=2018-09-21|language=en-US}} External links{{commons}}{{wikisource|State of the Environment by the Council on Environmental Quality (1970)|State of the Environment 1970}}
7 : Environmental law in the United States|Environmental policy in the United States|Executive Office of the President of the United States|George W. Bush administration controversies|1969 in the environment|1969 establishments in the United States|Government agencies established in 1969 |
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