“County Down”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

County Down (Irish: Contae an Dúin) is one of six counties that form Northern Ireland, in the northeast of the island of Ireland.^[3]^[4] It covers an area of 2,448 km² (945 sq mi) and has a population of 531,665. It is also one of the thirty-two traditional counties of Ireland and is within the province of Ulster. It borders County Antrim to the north, the Irish Sea to the east, County Armagh to the west, and County Louth across Carlingford Lough to the southwest.

In the east of the county is Strangford Lough and the Ards Peninsula. The largest town is Bangor, on the northeast coast. Three other large towns and cities are on its border: Newry lies on the western border with County Armagh, while Lisburn and Belfast lie on the northern border with County Antrim. Down contains both the southernmost point of Northern Ireland (Cranfield Point) and the easternmost point of Ireland (Burr Point).

It was one of two counties of Northern Ireland to have a Protestant majority at the 2001 census. The other Protestant majority County is County Antrim to the North.

In March 2018, The Sunday Times published its list of Best Places to Live in Britain, including five in Northern Ireland. The list included three in County Down: Holywood, Newcastle, and Strangford.^[5]

Toponymy

County Down takes its name from dún, the Irish word for dun or fort, which is a common root in Gaelic place names (such as Dundee, Dunfermline and Dumbarton in Scotland and Donegal and Dundalk in Ireland).^[6] The fort in question was in the historic town of Downpatrick, originally known as Dún Lethglaise ("fort of the green side" or "fort of the two broken fetters").^[7]^[8]

History

During the Williamite War in Ireland (1689–1691) the county was a centre of Protestant rebellion against the rule of the Catholic James II. After forming a scratch force the Protestants were defeated by the Irish Army at the Break of Dromore and forced to retreat, leading to the whole of Down falling under Jacobite control. Later the same year Marshal Schomberg's large Williamite expedition arrived in Belfast Lough and captured Bangor. After laying siege to Carrickfergus Schomberg marched south to Dundalk Camp, clearing County Down and much of the rest of East Ulster of Jacobite troops.

Geography

The county has a coastline along Belfast Lough to the north and Carlingford Lough to the south (both of which have access to the sea). Strangford Lough lies between the Ards Peninsula and the mainland. Down also contains part of the shore of Lough Neagh. Smaller loughs include Lough Island Reavy.

The River Lagan forms most of the border with County Antrim. The River Bann also flows through the southwestern areas of the county. Other rivers include the Clanrye and Quoile.

There are several islands off the Down coast: Mew Island, Light House Island and the Copeland Islands, all of which lie to the north of the Ards Peninsula. Gunn Island lies off the Lecale coast. In addition there are a large number of small islands in Strangford Lough.

County Down is where, in the words of the famous song by Percy French, "The mountains of Mourne sweep down to the sea", and the granite Mourne Mountains continue to be renowned for their beauty. Slieve Donard, at {{convert|849|m|0|abbr=on}}, is the highest peak in the Mournes, in Northern Ireland and in the province of Ulster. Another important peak is Slieve Croob, at {{convert|534|m|0|abbr=on}}, the source of the River Lagan.

Places of interest

Subdivisions

Settlements

Cities

Large towns

Medium towns

Small towns

Intermediate settlements

Villages

Small villages or hamlets

Local government

Transportation

Railways

Historic railways

21st century railways

Sport

Association football

In association football, the NIFL Premiership, which operates as the top division, has three teams in the county: Newry City F. C., Ards F.C. and Warrenpoint Town F.C., with Banbridge Town F.C., Bangor F.C. and Lisburn Distillery F.C. competing in the NIFL Championship, which operates as levels two and three.

Gaelic games

The Down County Board administers Gaelic games in the county. Down is the most successful team north of the border in terms of All-Ireland Senior Football Championships won with five (1960, 1961, 1968, 1991 and 1994) in total. In terms of Ulster they share that accolade with Cavan who also have 5 titles. They currently have four minor all Ireland titles (1977, 1987, 1999 and 2005), twelve Ulster titles (1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1971, 1978, 1981, 1991, 1994) and one under 21 all Ireland title (1979).

Golf

County Down is also home to the No.1-ranked golf course outside of the US, according to Today's Golfer, Royal County Down, which is situated in Newcastle.

Currently ranked No.1 golfer in the world, Rory McIlroy originates from Holywood, situated in the north of the county.

In popular culture

The county is named in the lyrics of the song "Around the World", from the film Around the World in 80 Days, which was an American top ten hit for Bing Crosby and UK top ten hit for Ronnie Hilton, both in 1957, although it was Mantovani's instrumental version which was actually used in the film. Rihanna's video "We Found Love" was filmed there in 2011, causing complaints when the singer removed her clothes to reveal a bikini.^[19]

The Ulster singer Van Morrison has made reference to the County Down in the lyrics to several songs including "Northern Muse (Solid Ground)", "Mystic of the East" and the nostalgic "Coney Island", which names several places and landmarks in the County. Van Morrison also covered "Star of the County Down" with The Chieftains as a part of their collaboration album Irish Heartbeat.

Notable people

See also

References

1. ^2008 Annual Report in Ulster Scots {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829113246/http://www.northsouthministerialcouncil.org/nsmc_2008_annual_report_ulster_scots-6.pdf |date=29 August 2011 }} North–South Ministerial Council.
2. ^2006 Annual Report in Ulster Scots {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227120556/http://www.northsouthministerialcouncil.org/web_2006_ulster_scots_report.pdf |date=27 February 2013 }} North–South Ministerial Council.
3. ^Taylor, Isaac. Names and Their Histories. Rivingtons, 1898. p.111
4. ^Lewis, Samuel. A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (1837); "The See of Down".
5. ^https://www.irishpost.com/life-style/five-places-in-northern-ireland-included-in-best-places-to-live-in-britain-list-151651
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Long|first1=David|title=Lost Britain: An A-Z of Forgotten Landmarks and Lost Traditions|date=2015|publisher=Michael O'Mara Books|isbn=9781782434412|page=65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5vK4CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT65|accessdate=6 April 2018|language=en}}
7. ^{{cite book|last1=Praeger|first1=Robert Lloyd|title=Official Guide to County Down and the Mourne Mountains|date=1900|publisher=M'Caw, Stevenson & Orr|page=123|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SldEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123&dq=Dún+county+down|accessdate=6 April 2018|language=en}}
8. ^{{cite book|editor=Chisholm, Hugh|title=Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information|date=1922|publisher=University Press|page=460|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCJKAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA460|accessdate=6 April 2018|language=en}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Saint Patrick’s Church|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Saint-Patricks-Church-Newry-Northern-Ireland|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=6 July 2017}}
10. ^Crawfordsburn Old Inn website
11. ^{{cite web|last1=Kearcsadmin|title=St. Brigid’s Day|url=http://www.kildarearchsoc.ie/st-brigids-day/|website=County Kildare Archaeological Society|accessdate=6 July 2017}}
12. ^For 1653 and 1659 figures from Civil Survey Census of those years, Paper of Mr Hardinge to Royal Irish Academy 14 March 1865.
13. ^Census for post 1821 figures.
14. ^Histpop.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023856/http://www.histpop.org/ |date=7 May 2016 }}
15. ^NISRA.gov.uk {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217095720/http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census |date=17 February 2012 }}
16. ^{{cite book|last=Lee|first=JJ|editor-last=Goldstrom|editor-first=J. M.|editor2-last=Clarkson|editor2-first=L. A.|title=Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell|year=1981|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford, England|chapter=On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses}}
17. ^{{Cite journal | last = Mokyr | first = Joel | author-link = Joel Mokyr | last2 = O Grada | first2 = Cormac | author2-link = | title = New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850 | journal = The Economic History Review | volume = 37 | issue = 4 | pages = 473–488 |date=November 1984 | url = http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120035880/abstract | doi = 10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
18. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web | title=Statistical classification of settlements | work=NI Neighbourhood Information Service| url=http://www.ninis.nisra.gov.uk/mapxtreme_towns/statistical%20classification.htm | accessdate=23 February 2009}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Rihanna video: Wildflowers to be planted in north Belfast 'hopeless place'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-32533188|website=BBC|accessdate=6 July 2017}}