词条 | County Meath | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
|name = County Meath |native_name = {{Pad top italic|Contae na Mí}} |native_name_lang = gle |image_shield = Meath coa.svg |nickname = The Royal County |motto = Tré Neart le Chéile{{spaces|2}}(Irish) "Stronger Together" |image_map = Island of Ireland location map Meath.svg |image_flag = |area_total_km2 = 2342 |area_rank = 14th |seat_type = County town |seat = Navan |blank_name_sec1 = Vehicle index mark code |blank_info_sec1 = MH |population_total = 195044 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_rank = 9th |population_as_of = 2016 |population_footnotes = [1] |government_type = County Council |subdivision_type3 = Dáil Éireann |subdivision_name3 = Meath East Meath West Louth |subdivision_type4 = EU Parliament |subdivision_name4 = Midlands–North-West |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Ireland |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Leinster |website = {{URL|www.meath.ie}} }} County Meath ({{IPAc-en|m|iː|ð}}; {{lang-gle|Contae na Mí}} or simply {{lang|ga|an Mhí}}) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Mid-East Region. It is named after the historic Kingdom of Meath (from {{lang|ga|Midhe}} meaning "middle" or "centre").[2] Meath County Council is the local authority for the county. At the 2016 census, the population of the county was 195,044.[1] The county town of Meath is Navan. Other towns in the county include Trim, Kells, Laytown, Ashbourne, Dunboyne, and Slane. It is one of only two counties outside the west of Ireland to have an official Gaeltacht (the other being County Waterford, which has the Gaeltacht An Rinn) and the only county in Leinster to have an official Gaeltacht. Geography and political subdivisionsMeath is drained by the River Boyne. The county is the 14th-largest of Ireland's 32 counties in area, and the ninth-largest in terms of population.[3] It is the second-largest of Leinster's 12 counties in size, and the third-largest in terms of population. The county town is Navan, where the county hall and government are located, although Trim, the former county town, has historical significance and remains a sitting place of the circuit court. County Meath also has the only two Gaeltacht areas in the province of Leinster, at Ráth Chairn and Baile Ghib. Meath has seven land borders and also a small stretch of coastline stretching from Mornington to Gormanston beach. The counties bordering Meath are: Dublin, Westmeath, Louth, Offaly, Kildare, Cavan, and Monaghan. BaroniesThere are eighteen historic baronies in the county.[4] They include the baronies of Morgallion and Ratoath. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for many administrative purposes. Their official status is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed under "Administrative units". Local government and politics{{main|Meath County Council}}There are 40 elected members of Meath County Council. Fine Gael holds 13 seats, Fianna Fáil holds 10, Sinn Féin holds 8, and there are 9 independents. There are two Dáil constituencies, Meath West and Meath East, which together return 6 deputies to Dáil Éireann. Fianna Fáil currently holds 1 seat in each constituency, Fine Gael holds 2 in Meath East and 1 in Meath West, and Sinn Féin holds 1 in Meath West. Previously there was only one Meath constituency. Fianna Fáil held three seats out of five in the Meath constituency between 1987 and its abolition in 2007; Fine Gael won the other two seats in four of the five general elections in that period, with the exception of 1992, when it lost a seat to the Labour Party (which was regained in 1997). Meath East lies entirely within the borders of the county; Meath West includes part of the neighbouring county of Westmeath. Part of the county along the Irish Sea coast, known as East Meath, which includes Julianstown and Laytown-Bettystown-Mornington, is included in the Louth constituency. HistoryThe county is colloquially known by the nickname "The Royal County", owing to its history as the seat of the High King of Ireland.[5][6][7] It formed from the eastern part of the former Kingdom of Mide (see Kings of Mide) but now forms part of the province of Leinster. Historically, the kingdom and its successor territory the Lordship of Meath, included all of counties Meath, Fingal and Westmeath as well as parts of counties Cavan, Longford, Louth, Offaly and Kildare. The seat of the High King of Ireland was at Tara. The archaeological complex of Brú na Bóinne is 5,000 years old, and includes the burial sites of Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth,[8] in the north-east of the county. It is a UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site.[9] Places of interest
Contemporary referencesIn Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone With The Wind, it is mentioned that Gerald O'Hara, Scarlett O'Hara's father, was born in County Meath. Tara is the name of the Georgia plantation on which the O'Hara family resided. Famous Anglo-Irish MP Charles Stewart Parnell was elected member of parliament for Meath in Westminster in 1875 until 1880. Today he is locally commemorated by a small garden and courtyard in Kells town centre. DemographicsThe population of Co. Meath suffered significant decline between 1861 and 1901, almost halving (110,373 to 67,497); it stabilised between 1901 and 1971 (67,497 to 71,729); and there was a substantial increase between 1971 and 1981 to 95,419. This increase was mainly due to a baby boom locally. The population then continued to increase at a constant rate, before increasing at an explosive rate between 1996 and 2002, from 109,732 to 134,005. This is due primarily to economic factors, with the return of residents to live in the county, and also an echo effect of the 1970s baby boom. The census of 2011 gives a figure of 184,135, including a dramatic increase in inward migration to the county, much of it from neighbouring Dublin and Drogheda. This population growth has seen divergent trends emerge in recent years, with mild depopulation in the north and west of the county being more than offset by large increases in the population of the eastern and south-eastern parts of the county, principally owing to inward migration to districts that have good proximity via road to the business parks on the western outskirts of Dublin. The accession of Poland and Lithuania to the European Union in 2004 resulted in a significant influx of workers from these countries to work in low-wage sectors, including agriculture, quarrying, construction and catering.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}}
Urban areas and populations
Irish languageThere are 2,533 Irish-language speakers, or Gaeilgeoirí, in County Meath,[13] with 1,299 native speakers in the Meath Gaeltacht. The Gaeltacht is split into an area northwest of Navan and east of Kells, known as Baile Ghib and Domhnach Phádraig, and an area close to the towns of Athboy and Trim, known as Rath Cháirn.[14] In addition, there are 1,304 pupils attending the seven Gaelscoileanna outside the Gaeltacht area.[15] The Greater Dublin area has the highest number of Irish-medium schools in Ireland. EconomyIn farming, cattle, dairying, potatoes and grain are historically common in Meath.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} Recently{{when|date=September 2017}} production volumes have decreased due to competition for labour from other sectors of the economy.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} Migrant labour from Eastern Europe has helped however.{{original research inline|date=September 2017}} Meath is Ireland's leading county producer of potatoes, and a significant producer of beef, barley, milk, wheat, and root vegetables.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} Europe's largest underground lead-zinc mine, Tara Mines, has operated in the area since 1977, at a location to the west of Navan. Current ore production from the mine is 2,600,000 tonnes of ore per year, containing over 200,000 tonnes of zinc metal.[16] Glacial deposits of gravel exist in a band stretching from the Offaly border at Edenderry, to the sea at Laytown. This is the basis of a long quarrying tradition.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} A large cement plant near Duleek is situated in this territory. An increasing proportion of Meath residents commute into Dublin, with a resulting shift to a services based economy in the developing dormitory towns.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} Meat processing occurs in Clonee and Navan. Navan was historically a manufacturing town, and involved in the household goods sector.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} Navan was a centre of the Irish furniture industry, though this declined as a source of employment.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} Navan was also a centre in the Irish carpet-making industry, before this was lost to overseas competition.[17] Horse-breeding and training is also undertaken in the county, and there is localised tourism in Trim, Kells, Tara and the Boyne Valley.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} TransportRoad
Rail
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=CTY31&Geog_Code=2AE19629149413A3E055000000000001 | title = Census 2016 Sapmap Area: County Meath | publisher = Central Statistics Office (Ireland) | accessdate = 12 January 2019}} 2. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199580897.001.0001/acref-9780199580897-e-4654 |title=The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names |last=Everett-Heath |first=John |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=9780199580897 |location=Oxford |pages= |quote=A county with a name meaning ‘The Middle (Kingdom)’, a reference to its east-central location in the island. It was one of the five ancient kingdoms of Ireland at which time it included the modern county of Westmeath. |via= |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129024043/http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199580897.001.0001/acref-9780199580897-e-4654 |archivedate=29 November 2016 |df=dmy-all}} 3. ^{{cite book |first=Eoghan |last=Corry |title=The GAA Book of Lists |publisher=Hodder Headline Ireland |year=2005 |id= |pages=186–191 |isbn=0-340-89695-7}} 4. ^Placenames Database of Ireland - Baronies. 5. ^{{cite web |title=Meath - a rich and royal land |url=http://www.meath.ie/Tourism/Heritage/ |accessdate=21 May 2010 |author=Meath County Council |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610202040/http://www.meath.ie/Tourism/Heritage/ |archivedate=10 June 2010 |df=dmy-all}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=County Meath - Newgrange, Slane Castle and the Book of Kells |url=http://www.countymeath.com/ |accessdate=21 May 2010 |author=countymeath.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309043357/http://www.countymeath.com/ |archivedate=9 March 2010 |df=dmy-all}} 7. ^{{cite book |last1=Rowan Kelleher |first1=Suzanne |title=Frommer's Ireland from $80 a Day |edition=20th |year=2004 |publisher=Wiley Publishing, Inc |location=Hoboken, New Jersey, USA |isbn=0-7645-4217-6 |page=204}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.worldheritageireland.ie/bru-na-boinne/ |title=Brú na Bóinne {{!}} World Heritage {{!}} World Heritage Ireland |website=www.worldheritageireland.ie |language=en |access-date=2017-09-05 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830102826/http://www.worldheritageireland.ie/bru-na-boinne/ |archivedate=30 August 2017 |df=dmy-all}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/659 |title=Brú na Bóinne - Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |website=whc.unesco.org |language=en |access-date=2017-09-05 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004184816/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/659/ |archivedate=4 October 2017 |df=dmy-all}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/define.asp?MainTable=E7050&ProductID=DB_E7&PLanguage=0&Tabstrip=&PXSId=0&SessID=7827795&FF=1&tfrequency=1 |title=Population Usually Resident and Present in the State 2011 to 2016 by Sex, Aggregate Town or Rural Area, Birthplace, County of Usual Residence and CensusYear - StatBank - data and statistics |author= |date= |website=www.cso.ie |accessdate=2 May 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010253/http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/define.asp?MainTable=E7050&ProductID=DB_E7&PLanguage=0&Tabstrip=&PXSId=0&SessID=7827795&FF=1&tfrequency=1 |archivedate=10 March 2018 |df=dmy-all}} 11. ^http://www.meath.ie/CountyCouncil/Publications/PlanningPublications/Laytown-BettystownPlanningPublications/Laytown-BettystownLocalAreaPlans2009-2015/File,36330,en.pdf {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725163942/http://www.meath.ie/CountyCouncil/Publications/PlanningPublications/Laytown-BettystownPlanningPublications/Laytown-BettystownLocalAreaPlans2009-2015/File%2C36330%2Cen.pdf |date=25 July 2014}} 12. ^http://www.meath.ie/CountyCouncil/Publications/PlanningandDevelopmentPublications/CountyMeathDevelopmentPlan2007-2013-Adopted/File,6769,en.jpg {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119195627/http://meath.ie/CountyCouncil/Publications/PlanningandDevelopmentPublications/CountyMeathDevelopmentPlan2007-2013-Adopted/File%2C6769%2Cen.jpg |date=19 January 2013}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://census.cso.ie/p10map51/ |title=ArcGIS Web Application |author= |date= |website=census.cso.ie |accessdate=2 May 2018 |deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128021020/http://census.cso.ie/p10map51// |archivedate=28 November 2017 |df=dmy-all}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.udaras.ie/an-ghaeilge-an-ghaeltacht/an-ghaeltacht/an-mhi |title=An Mhí « Údarás na Gaeltachta |author= |date= |website=www.udaras.ie |accessdate=2 May 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218085148/http://www.udaras.ie/an-ghaeilge-an-ghaeltacht/an-ghaeltacht/an-mhi |archivedate=18 December 2017 |df=dmy-all}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gaelscoileanna.ie/assets/Staitistic%C3%AD-2010-2011_Gaeilge.pdf |title=Oideachas Trí Mheán na Gaeilge in Éirinn sa Ghalltacht 2010-2011 |year=2011 |publisher=gaelscoileanna.ie |language=Irish |accessdate=9 January 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419091247/http://www.gaelscoileanna.ie/assets/Staitistic%C3%AD-2010-2011_Gaeilge.pdf |archivedate=19 April 2012 |df=dmy-all}} 16. ^https://vp217.alertir.com/afw/files/press/boliden/201703089998-1.pdf 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.navanhistory.ie/index.php?page=navan-carpets|title=Navan Historical Society - Navan Carpets |author= |date= |website=www.navanhistory.ie |accessdate=2 May 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119162310/http://www.navanhistory.ie/index.php?page=navan-carpets |archivedate=19 November 2017 |df=dmy-all}} External links{{Commons category}}{{Wikivoyage}}
|North = County Monaghan |South = County Kildare County Dublin |East = Irish Sea and County Dublin |West = County Westmeath |Northeast = County Louth |Northwest = County Cavan |Southwest = County Offaly |Centre = County Meath }}{{County Meath}}{{Ireland counties}}{{Coord|53|40|N|6|40|W|region:IE_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}} 4 : County Meath|Leinster|Counties of the Republic of Ireland|Local administrative units of the Republic of Ireland |
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