“Crawford County, Kansas”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Crawford County (county code CR) is a county located in Southeast Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 39,134.^[1] Its county seat is Girard,^[2] and its most populous city is Pittsburg. The county was named in honor of Samuel J. Crawford,^[3] Governor of Kansas.

Located in the Osage Cuestas and Cherokee Lowlands, it lies halfway between Kansas City, Missouri and Tulsa, Oklahoma. Crawford County, and much of southeast Kansas, was founded on coal mining, the Pittsburg-Weir Coalfield being located here, and is still known for mining today. Pittsburg State University is located in Crawford County.

History

Early history

For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the British defeated France in the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

19th century

In 1802, Spain returned most of the former New France land west of the Mississippi to France, but kept title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, the United States acquired much of the West and most of the land for modern-day Kansas as part of the 828,000-square mile Louisiana Purchase, at a cost of 2.83 cents per acre.

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, and in 1861 Kansas was admitted as the 34th U.S. state. The preceding years had been filled with violence as settlers arrived on both sides of the slavery question; the residents voting for Kansas to enter as a free state were the majority. In 1867, Crawford County was established (formed from Bourbon and Cherokeecounties). It is named for Samuel J. Crawford, who was the governor in office at the time.^[4]

20th century

In the early 20th century, Crawford County was often referred to as the "Little Balkans", because of the many immigrants who came here from that area of Europe. They came to work in the mines, industrial work that did not require much English in the beginning. This area was the site of a number of illegal bootlegging operations, most of which were organized by immigrants in order to supplement their meager earnings as strip miners. During his term, Governor Walter R. Stubbs of Kansas made it his mission to stamp out this practice.^[5]^[6] According to the criminal justice scholar Ken Peak, "The [Little] Balkans drove [Stubbs] absolutely nuts. He had his hands full and sent people down to the Balkans to clean it up".^[6] Despite this crack down, however, the governor was unable to eradicate the crime completely from the area.^[6]

21st century

On Sunday, May 4, 2003, a strong and violent F4 tornado touched down in western Crawford County, several miles west of Frontenac at around 4:40 p.m. The tornado remained on the ground throughout Crawford County until it entered neighboring Barton County, Missouri—traveling a total of {{convert|35|mi|km}} and ending near Liberal, Missouri. The towns of Ringo, Franklin, and Mulberry, all in Crawford County, were devastated. The tornado cut a path of destruction roughly one quarter mile wide. Several F4 and F5 tornadoes hit Kansas, Missouri, and several other states that day, including the Kansas City metropolitan area. Six deaths were reported in Kansas, and Governor Sebelius declared much of eastern and southeastern Kansas a disaster area, including Crawford County.^[7]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|595|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|590|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|5.3|sqmi}} (0.9%) is water.^[8]

Adjacent counties

Demographics

As of the 2000 census,^[14] there were 38,242 people, 15,504 households, and 9,441 families residing in the county. The population density was 64 people per square mile (25/km²). There were 17,221 housing units at an average density of 29 per square mile (11/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 93.29% White, 1.83% Black or African American, 0.94% Native American, 1.11% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 1.11% from other races, and 1.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.38% of the population. 23.5% were of German, 12.5% American, 10.4% English, 10.2% Irish and 8.6% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000.

There were 15,504 households out of which 28.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.90% were married couples living together, 9.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.10% were non-families. 30.60% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the county, the population was spread out with 22.90% under the age of 18, 16.40% from 18 to 24, 25.00% from 25 to 44, 20.20% from 45 to 64, and 15.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 95.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,409, and the median income for a family was $40,582. Males had a median income of $27,881 versus $21,517 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,245. About 9.40% of families and 16.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.00% of those under age 18 and 10.30% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Presidential elections

Unlike most of the counties in the Ozark-Ouachita “Bible Belt”, Crawford County remained competitive in Presidential elections until the 2010s. As recently as 2008 it was carried by Barack Obama, being the only county he ever won between the urban limits of Dallas, Little Rock, Denver and Kansas City. However, like all of the region it has shown a strong anti-Democratic trend in recent years, with Hillary Clinton’s 34.9 percent – though more than she achieved in any rural white southern county – being the worst by a Democrat for 92 years. Democrat Laura Kelly won this county in the 2018 gubernatorial election.

In earlier times, Crawford County was a hotbed of left-wing politics, being the nation’s second best county for Eugene Debs in 1912, and one of four where he gained a plurality of votes. It was also Robert La Follette, Sr.’s second-best Kansas county in 1924, behind only largely Catholic Ellis County.

Only three presidential elections from 1948 to the present day have seen Crawford County not back the national winner: 1960, 1988, & 2012.

Laws

Crawford County was a prohibition, or "dry", county until the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 and voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30% food sales requirement. The food sales requirement was removed with voter approval in 1992.^[16]

Education

Unified school districts

Private schools

Higher education

Libraries

Communities

Cities

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated places

Townships

Crawford County is divided into nine townships. The cities of Frontenac, Girard, Mulberry, and Pittsburg are considered governmentally independent and are excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

Area Attractions

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/20/20037.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 22, 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }}
3. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA95#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=95}}
4. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o8X5krq3fP8C&pg=PA471#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. | publisher=Standard Publishing Company | author=Blackmar, Frank Wilson | year=1912 | pages=471}}
5. ^{{cite book|last1=Connelley|first1=William|title=A Standard History of Kansas and Kansans|url=http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1918ks/v2/ch64p1.html|accessdate=September 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613193014/http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1918ks/v2/ch64p1.html|archivedate=June 13, 2013|date=1918|chapter=Walter Roscoe Stubbs}}
6. ^¹²{{cite news|title=Booze Brothers|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2006/may/01/booze_brothers/?print|accessdate=September 29, 2017|work=Lawrence Journal-World|date=May 1, 2006}}
7. ^{{Cite web| url=http://www.morningsun.net/news/x1755079282| title=5 years later| publisher=The Morning Sun| date=2008-05-04| accessdate=2011-06-03| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927134632/http://www.morningsun.net/news/x1755079282| archivedate=2011-09-27| df=}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 22, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df= }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|accessdate=July 22, 2014}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ks190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 22, 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 22, 2014}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }}
15. ^http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcwetdrymap.htm |title=Map of Wet and Dry Counties |publisher=Alcoholic Beverage Control, Kansas Department of Revenue |date=November 2006 |accessdate=2007-12-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008013617/http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcwetdrymap.htm |archivedate=2007-10-08 |df= }}
17. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.usd247.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2005/09/19/424dad21d2550 |title=Welcome To USD #247 |last=Burns |first=Tim |publisher=Cherokee, USD 247 |date=September 19, 2005 |accessdate=2007-01-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810062532/http://www.usd247.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2005/09/19/424dad21d2550 |archivedate=2007-08-10 |df= }}