| 词条 | Cub Scouting (Boy Scouts of America) |
| 释义 |
|type = section |owner = Boy Scouts of America |image = Cub Scouting (Boy Scouts of America).svg |age = Kindergarten to fifth grade[1] |name = Cub Scouting |country = United States |members = {{Scoutstat BSA|cub}} |f-date = {{start date and age|1930}} |next = Scouts BSA |website = {{URL|www.scouting.org/programs/cub-scouts/}} |gender = boys and girls (separate packs and/or dens) |pattern_head = baseball cap |color_head = 00008B |pattern_body = shirt short sleeves |color_body = 003F87 |pattern_legs = trousers |color_legs = 003F87 |uniform_caption = Standard uniform colors for Cub Scouting}}Cub Scouting is part of the Scouting program of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), available to boys and girls from kindergarten through fifth grade, or 5 to 10 years of age and their families. Its membership is the largest of the five main BSA divisions (Cub Scouting, Scouts BSA, Venturing, Exploring and Sea Scouting). Cub Scouting is part of the worldwide Scouting movement and aims to promote character development, citizenship training, personal fitness, and leadership.[2] Origins{{main|History of the Boy Scouts of America}}As early as 1911, Ernest Thompson Seton had developed a prototype program he named Cub Scouts of America that was never implemented. James E. West felt that having BSA divisions for younger boys (those under 12; the "younger boy problem") would draw away boys from the core program, which was Scout troops focused on the 12- to 17-year-old age group; thus he opposed such a program for some time. In spite of this, unofficial programs for younger boys started around this time, under names such as Junior Troops or Cadet Corps. The BSA obtained the rights to Lord Baden-Powell's The Wolf Cub Handbook in 1916 and used it in unofficial Wolf Cub programs starting in 1918. This led to an issue with Daniel Carter Beard who felt that the use of the British book was nearly disloyal to the United States of America.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} West encouraged the formation of the Boy Rangers of America, a separate organization for boys eight through twelve based on an American Indian theme. The Boy Rangers used the Scout Law and their Chief Guide, Emerson Brooks, was a Boy Scout commissioner in Montclair, New Jersey. The BSA finally began some experimental Cub units in 1928 and in 1930 the BSA began registering the first Cub Scout packs, and the Boy Rangers were absorbed.[3] The British Cubbing program used elements of Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book series, with the Cubmaster taking the role of Akela and the assistant Cubmaster the role of Baloo. The American program also syncretized American Indian elements, with all Cub Scouts belonging to the Webelos tribe, symbolized by the Arrow of Light and led by Akela. Webelos was also a portmanteau meaning Wolf, Bear, Lion, Scout; the name was later given a backronym of "WE'll BE LOyal Scouts". The initial rank structure was Wolf, Bear and Lion, with ages of 9, 10 and 11. Dens of six to eight Cubs were entirely led by a Scout holding the position of den chief. Aims, methods, and purposesThe Aims of Cub Scouting are the same as the other divisions—character, citizenship, personal fitness, and leadership.[4] The Methods of Cub Scouting
The Purposes of Cub Scouting are
IdealsOn June 1, 2015, the Cub Scout Promise and the Law of the Pack were retired and replaced by the Scout Oath and Scout Law. The Cub Scout Motto continues to be used.[6][7] {{Quote box|width=23em|bgcolor=white|title=Scout Oath|title_bg=blue|title_fnt=white|align=right|qalign=center|quote=On my honor I will do my best To do my duty to God and my country and to obey the Scout Law; To help other people at all times; To keep myself physically strong mentally awake, and morally straight. A Scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent. The Cub Scout sign, two raised fingers of the right hand, identifies the youth as a Cub Scout and the two fingers stand for the Scout Oath and Law. The Cub Scout salute, two fingers of the right hand raised to the edge of the cap or eyebrow, is used to show respect for the country when saluting the flag of the United States. The Cub Scout handshake, first two fingers along the inside of the other Scout's wrist, is used to help each other remember and obey the Scout Oath and Law.[8] OrganizationThe Cub Scout pack is sponsored by a community organization such as a business, service organization, school, labor group or religious institution. The chartered organization is responsible for selecting leadership, providing a meeting place and promoting a good program. The chartered organization representative is the liaison between the pack, the chartered organization, and the BSA. The pack meets once a month, providing a program for Cub Scouts, leaders, parents and other family members attending. The pack is led by a Cubmaster with one or more assistant Cubmasters. The pack committee is a group of adults, led by the pack committee chair, who plan the pack program and activities and manage record keeping, finance, leadership recruitment and registration. The pack trainer is responsible for ensuring that all of the pack leaders are trained and for maintaining training records. Cub Scouts who join a pack are assigned to dens with ideally six to eight members, usually based on age: Lion Scouts (kindergarten), Tiger Scouts (first grade), Wolf Scouts (second grade), Bear Scouts (third grade), and Webelos Scouts (fourth and fifth grades). Dens meet weekly or biweekly under the direction of the adult den leader. A Cub Scout is elected to the denner position to provide basic leadership to the den. A Scout or Venturer holding the den chief position may assist the den leader in activities.[9] Den meetings are planned around a particular adventure being worked on for rank advancement and may include games, handicrafts, hikes and other outdoor fun while also preparing for the next pack meeting. Webelos is an acronym meaning "We'll Be Loyal Scouts". According to the Bear Cub Scout Book of 1954, the name originally came from the initial letters of "wolf, bear, lion, Scout", the rank of "Lion Cub Scout" was dropped in 1967[10], however was used again in 2017 with the launch of the pilot kindergarten program of the same name which became a full-fledged part of the program in 2018. Packs with a large number of Webelos Scouts sometimes divide them into Webelos I and Webelos II dens, to keep their den from previous years intact. Starting in 2017, fifth graders work on the formalized rank of Arrow of Light, so this I and II distinction may no longer be necessary. Webelos dens spend much of their time learning about Scout customs, including the Scout Law and Oath. Many packs are formally associated with a Scout troop for mutual support—the troop provides assistance to the pack with activities such as campouts and ceremonies and in time, the Webelos Scouts cross over to the troop. The Lone Cub Scout program serves youth who cannot take part in a nearby Cub Scout pack on a regular basis because of such factors as distance, weather, time, disability or similar issues.[11] In October 2017, The Boy Scouts of America announced that girls would be welcomed into the Cub Scout program in single gender dens but co-ed packs. UniformThe uniform gives a Cub Scout visibility and creates a level of identity within both the unit and the community. The neckerchief, the neckerchief slide and the belt buckle uniforms are similar in basic design, they do vary in color and detail to identify the different divisions of Cub Scouts, Scouts and Venturers. In all cases, shirts are tucked in. Youth uniformsLions wear a unique uniform consisting of a blue t-shirt with lion logo on front, blue web belt, blue cap with lion logo, and optional yellow neckerchief and slide. Tigers wear the Cub Scout uniform; it is accompanied by orange topped socks, orange neckerchief, neckerchief slide with the Tiger logo, the cap with an orange panel and Tiger emblem and the blue belt with Tiger emblem on the buckle. Wolves wear the Cub Scout uniform and the Wolf cap with yellow or red panel and Wolf logo and the yellow or red neckerchief and the neckerchief slide with Wolf logo. Bears wear the Cub Scout uniform and a cap with light blue panel with Bear logo. The light blue neckerchief and the neckerchief slide have the Bear logo. Webelos Scouts wear the Scouts BSA field uniform with blue shoulder loops. The Webelos cap is green with a plaid panel and the oval Webelos emblem; the plaid is made up of the Cub Scouting blue and gold and the Scouts BSA red and green. The neckerchief is plaid with the Webelos logo and is worn with the slide with Webelos emblem. Webelos wearing the Scout uniform may choose to use the Webelos belt buckle with either the blue Cub Scout or the green Scout belt; Cub Scout belt loop recognitions, however, fit only the blue belt. The Webelos den may elect to wear a den emblem in place of the den number; the patches are the same as the Scout patrol patches.[12] Scouter uniformsAdult leaders wear the basic Scout field uniform. Female leaders of dens below Webelos level have the option of the classic female Cub Scouter uniform with blue web belt. Leaders that wear the tan uniform shirt wear blue shoulder loops on the epaulets, Centennial or Switchbacks pants or shorts, and the Scout web or leather belt. If a neckerchief is worn, male leaders wear the Cub Scout leader neckerchief (if he is a Tiger Cub leader or Cub Scout den leader or assistant den leader), Webelos leader neckerchief (if he is a Webelos den leader or assistant den leader), International adult neckerchief, National Eagle Scout Association neckerchief (if he earned the Eagle Scout rank as a youth), Wood Badge neckerchief, or Wood Badge Tartan neckerchief (if he has completed Wood Badge training), with the appropriate neckerchief slide or woggle. Pack leaders wear the olive visor cap. Den leaders wear the same visored cap as the youth they serve, if the den chooses to wear a cap. The Scouter dress uniform is appropriate for professional Scouters and all Scouting leaders on formal occasions. Advancement and recognition{{quote box|qalign=center|Lion, Bobcat, Tiger, Wolf, Bear Scout Badges Webelos Scout Badge Webelos Scout Colors and Adventure Pins Arrow of Light emblem (youth) and knot (adult) Advancement is one of the methods used to promote the aims of character development, citizenship training, personal fitness, and leadership. Everything a Cub Scout does in the advancement program is intended to achieve these aims and aid in personal growth. On June 1, 2015, Cub Scouting changed the advancement system to an "adventure" system, including required and elective adventures for all ranks. Lion, Tiger, Wolf, and Bear Cubs earn activity belt loops for each completed adventure, while Webelos earn activity pins which can be worn on the cap or on the Webelos colors.[13][14] Lion badgeKindergartners work toward the Lion badge. The Lion badge is earned by completing five adventures. Outside of the requirements, Lion Scouts can also complete any number of seven elective adventures of their den’s or family’s choosing. Lions do not earn the Bobcat badge. This is a new rank for Cub Scouts introduced in 2018.[15] Bobcat badgeAll youth beginning in first grade will first work on their Bobcat badge to complete the Cub Scout joining requirements, which include knowing and reciting the Scout Oath and Scout Law and knowing the Cub Scout motto and salute. Once the Bobcat badge requirements have been completed, the Cub Scout will continue with the age appropriate program.[16] Tiger, Wolf, and Bear badgesCub Scouts in first-grade work toward the Tiger badge, while those in second-grade work toward the Wolf badge, and those in third-grade work toward the Bear badge. Cub Scouts at all three levels must complete six required adventures and one of thirteen elective adventures with their den or family, as well as completing age-specific cyber-safety exercises (called the Cyber Chip) and exercises to help prevent child abuse with their family. The Cyber Chip and abuse prevention requirements must be completed annually, although the Cyber Chip may be waived if the family does not have internet access at home or otherwise readily available.[17][18][19] The remaining elective adventures may be completed throughout the rest of the school year. Webelos ScoutsCub Scouts in fourth and fifth grades work toward the Webelos (pronounced "wee-bee-lohs" as the singular as well as the plural, the word originally was an acronym for the previous, now discontinued hierarchy Wolf/Bear/Lion/Scout with vowels added, and is now said to be short for "WE'll BE LOyal Scouts"). Initially, Webelos work toward the Webelos badge and Arrow of Light.[20] A Cub Scout may begin work toward the Arrow of Light only after earning the Webelos badge; however, a new Cub Scout first joining a pack while in fifth grade may immediately begin working toward the Arrow of Light.[21] Webelos Scout badgeTo earn the Webelos Scout badge, the Cub Scout must complete five required adventures, two of eighteen elective adventures,{{ref label|WebEl|A|1}} and the Cyber Chip and child abuse prevention exercises. As with previous years, the Cyber Chip can be waived if the family does not have easy access to the internet. Webelos Scouts wearing the blue Cub Scout uniform wear a Webelos badge of the same size and shape as the previous ranks, and can be placed on the uniform where the Tiger Cub badge goes; Webelos Scouts wearing the tan Scout shirt wear an oval-shaped Webelos badge, which is the same size as the Scout rank badges. Arrow of LightThe Arrow of Light award is the highest rank award available to Cub Scouts. To earn the Arrow of Light, the Cub Scout must complete four required adventures, three of eighteen elective adventures,{{ref label|WebEl|A|2}} and the Cyber Chip and child abuse prevention exercises. The Cyber Chip exercises can be waived if the family does not have easy access to the internet. Earning the Arrow of Light allows a youth to join a Scout troop prior at ten years of age instead of eleven.[22] The requirements for the Arrow of Light overlap significantly with the requirements for the first rank in Scouts BSA, the Scout rank. Recipients of the Arrow of Light thus have an advantage in earning the Scout rank soon after joining a Scout troop. The Arrow of Light award is one of the few Cub Scout awards that can be worn on a Scout uniform.{{ref label|Award|B|none}} Both Cub Scouts and Scouts wear the Arrow of Light badge below the left pocket. Adults wear the square-knot version of the badge above the left pocket. Religious emblemsSeveral religious emblems programs are administered by various religious institutions and recognized, but not sponsored, by the BSA. These are generally recognized by a medal and an embroidered square knot that can also be worn on the Scouting uniform. Leader recognitionCub Scout leaders who complete training, tenure, and performance requirements are recognized by a system of awards. The Den Leader Award, the Scouter's Training Award, and the Cubmaster's Training Key are available. These awards were standardized to more closely align with the BSA's other programs in 2012, removing most of the distinctive Cub Scout level awards such as Tiger Cub Den Leader's Training Award (discontinued December 2012), the Webelos Den Leader's Training Award (discontinued December 2012), the Cubmaster's Training Award (discontinued December 2013), the Cub Scouter's Training Award (discontinued December 2013), and the Pack Trainer Award (discontinued December 2013). The Scouter's Training Award replaced the Cub Scouter Award, and the Cubmaster's Training Key replaced the Cubmaster's Training Award. The Pack Trainer Award had previously replaced the Den Leader Coach Award, which was officially discontinued on December 31, 2008. Any awards earned prior to the date of their retirement can still be worn. These awards are recognized by a certificate, medal, and an embroidered square knot insignia.{{ref label|Lead_Award|C|none}} Den Chiefs may earn the Den Chief Service Award.[23] Program and activitiesEach pack has a number of annual events such as the pinewood derby, raingutter regatta, the space derby, gold rush, the blue and gold banquet and Scout Sunday or Scout Sabbath. Several structured camping activities are available in the Cub Scout program. The pack overnighter is a pack-organized camping activity that provides Cub Scouts with positive outdoor experiences. Cub Scout day camp or twilight camp is an accredited, organized, one- to five-day program for Cub Scouts using trained leadership at an approved site, and is usually held during daylight or early evening hours, but not overnight. Cub Scout resident camp is an organized, accredited overnight camping program covering at least two nights and conducted under trained leadership in an established Scout camp operated by the council. The Webelos den overnight camp introduces the Scout and parents to the camping program, under the leadership of the Webelos den leader. Joint campouts with a local Scout troop for second-year Webelos can help to strengthen ties between the pack and troop and facilitate the transition from Webelos to Scouts. The Soccer and Scouting[24] program is designed to involve Hispanic youth and families in the Cub Scout program, instructing Scouts in both soccer and Cub Scout values. Alcohol is prohibited at all Cub Scout events.[25] A number of "high-risk" outdoor activities are banned by BSA (including Cubs), and others are limited to special programs. Paintball, lasertag, hunting, rodeo, fireworks, and bungee-jumping are among prohibited activities.[26] TrainingFast Start Training is the introduction for adult leaders new to the Cub Scout program. Fast Start is self-paced and provided as a video or online.[27] Youth Protection Training[27] is required for all adult leaders and must be recertified per local council policy. Basic Leader Training consists of the online This is Scouting course and Leader Specific Training. This is Scouting is a common core program for all adult leaders in the Cub Scouting, Scouts BSA, Varsity Scouting, and Venturing divisions. Leader Specific Training is provided for the Tiger Cub den leader, Cub Scout den leader, Webelos den leader, Cubmaster, pack committee chairman and assistants. Once Basic Leader Training is completed, the leader is awarded a Trained emblem for uniform wear. At least one adult on a pack overnight campout must attend the Basic Adult Leader Outdoor Orientation (BALOO) in order to properly understand camping requirements.[28] Leaders for day camp and resident camp programs must be trained and certified by the National Camping School. Supplemental training modules are designed to provide orientation beyond Basic Leader Training. These shorter training sessions are often provided at the Roundtable, a monthly meeting of leaders from the district, at a Pow-Wow or University of Scouting program offered by the local council and at National Cub Scouting Conferences held at the Philmont Scout Ranch and the Florida National High Adventure Sea Base. Wood Badge is the advanced training program for leadership skills for all adults in all BSA programs. Wood Badge consists of six days of training (usually presented as two three-day weekends) and an application phase of several months. When training is complete, leaders are recognized with the Wood Badge beads, neckerchief and woggle. Training is also provided for all new den chiefs. Notes1. ^{{cite book | url = https://filestore.scouting.org/filestore/pdf/524-406.pdf | format = PDF |title=Boy Scouts of America Youth Application | date = February 13, 2019 | id = #524-406 | accessdate = February 23, 2019 | publisher = Boy Scouts of America}} 2. ^1 {{cite web | url = https://filestore.scouting.org/filestore/pdf/02-502.pdf | title = BSA Fact Sheet: What Is Cub Scouting? | publisher = Boy Scouts of America | website = filestore.scouting.org | accessdate = February 22, 2019 | date = June 15, 2006}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.threefirescouncil.org/History/ |title=A Brief History of the Boy Scouts of America |publisher=Three Fires Council |accessdate=July 27, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927023056/http://www.threefirescouncil.org/History/ |archivedate=September 27, 2007 }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.scouting.org/programs/cub-scouts/aims-and-methods/|title=Cub Scouts Aims and Methods|website=scouting.org |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=2018-10-20}} 5. ^Wolf Den Leader Guide, 2018 printing, Boy Scouts of America, page 5, (2018), {{ISBN|978-0-8395-0115-2}} 6. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/programupdates.aspx | title = Program Updates | website = scouting.org | publisher = Boy Scouts of America | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171109202544/http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/programupdates.aspx | archivedate = November 9, 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web | url = http://blog.scoutingmagazine.org/2012/10/17/bsa-to-use-scout-oath-and-scout-law-for-all-programs/ | title = BSA to use Scout Oath and Scout Law for all programs | first = Bryan | last = Wendell |date=October 17, 2012 | website = blog.scoutingmagazine.org | publisher = Boy Scouts of America | accessdate = February 23, 2019}} 8. ^Wolf Cub Scout Handbook, 2018 printing, Boy Scouts of America, pages 14-20, (2018), {{ISBN|978-0-8395-0110-7}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.scouting.org/CubScouts/AboutCubScouts/ThePack/csdcf.aspx |title=Cub Scout Den Chief |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=March 17, 2006}} 10. ^Scouting, March–April 1997 [https://books.google.com/books?id=Nf0DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=webelo+scout+%22wolf%22+bear+lion&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fXSNUN_-C9S80QHW6IGYAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=webelo%20scout%20%22wolf%22%20bear%20lion&f=false Letters - Webelos once had a different meaning] (p.4) 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.scouting.org/Media/FactSheets/02-515.aspx |title=BSA Fact Sheet: What Is the Lone Scout Plan? |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=February 7, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313113805/http://www.scouting.org/Media/FactSheets/02-515.aspx |archive-date=March 13, 2008 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }} 12. ^{{cite web | title = Cub Scout Uniform | publisher = Boy Scouts of America | year = 2018 | url = https://www.scouting.org/programs/cub-scouts/cub-scout-uniform/ | accessdate = November 22, 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://usscouts.org/usscouts/advance/cubscout/intro.asp |title=Cub Scout Advancement |publisher=U.S. Scouting Service Project |date=August 11, 2015 |accessdate=February 17, 2016}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://blog.scoutingmagazine.org/2015/08/27/boys-earn-adventure-loops-pins-new-cub-scout-program/ |title=How boys earn adventure loops and pins in new Cub Scout program |publisher=Scouting Magazine |author=Bryan Wendell |date=August 27, 2015 |accessdate=February 17, 2016}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.scouting.org/programs/cub-scouts/what-cub-scouts-earn/the-advancement-trail/ |title= What Cub Scouts Earn- The Advancement Trail |publisher=Scouting.org|accessdate=October 27, 2018}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=https://cubscouts.org/library/advancement/ |title=Advancement - Cub : Cub |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=February 17, 2016}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=https://cubscouts.org/library/welcome-to-tiger-cub-scouting/ |title=Welcome to Tiger Cub Scouting - Cub : Cub |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=February 17, 2016}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=https://cubscouts.org/library/welcome-to-wolf-cub-scouting/ |title=Welcome to Wolf Cub Scouting - Cub : Cub |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=February 17, 2016}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=https://cubscouts.org/library/welcome-to-bear-cub-scouting/ |title=Welcome to Bear Cub Scouting - Cub : Cub |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=February 17, 2016}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=https://cubscouts.org/library/welcome-to-webelos-cub-scouting/ |title=Welcome to Webelos Cub Scouting - Cub : Cub |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=February 17, 2016}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=https://cubscouts.org/library/welcome-to-arrow-of-light-cub-scouting/ |title=Welcome to Arrow of Light Cub Scouting - Cub : Cub |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=February 17, 2016}} 22. ^{{cite web | url = https://filestore.scouting.org/filestore/pdf/524-406.pdf | title= Youth Application #524-406 | publisher = Boy Scouts of America| accessdate = February 11, 2019}} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/BoyScouts/AdvancementandAwards/MeritBadges/dencf.aspx |title=Den Chief Service Award |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=September 30, 2013}} 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://soccerandscouting.org/ |title=Soccer and Scouting}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/HealthandSafety/GSS/gss04.aspx |title=Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use and Abuse |publisher=Scouting.org |date= |accessdate=December 16, 2011}} 26. ^Sports and Activities, Boy Scouts of America 27. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://olc.scouting.org/ |title=Cub Scout Leader Fast Start |work=BSA Online Learning Center |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=April 12, 2006}} 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.scouting.org/HealthandSafety/GSS/gss03.aspx |title=Camping |work=Guide to Safe Scouting |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=December 27, 2006}} A{{Note label|WebEl||1}}{{Note label|WebEl||2}}The Webelos badge and Arrow of Light use the same pool of eighteen elective adventures. A Cub Scout may not use the elective adventures completed for the Webelos badge toward the Arrow of Light badge. B{{Note label|Award||none}}While any religious emblem may be earned as a Cub Scout and worn as a Scout, these are administered and awarded by religious institutions and are not considered BSA awards as such. C{{Note label|Lead_Award||none}}Neck medallions were previously also awarded, but discontinued in 2001. References{{Reflist|2}}External links{{commons category}}
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