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词条 Lewis Pugh
释义

  1. Early life and family

  2. Education

  3. Swimming

     Early swims  Cold water swims  Anticipatory Thermo-Genesis  World Winter Swimming Championships  "Holy Grail" of swimming  Environmental swims  River Thames  Maldives  North Pole  Mt Everest  The Seven Seas  English Channel 

  4. Kayaking

  5. Public speaking

  6. Environmental campaigning

     Polar Defense Project  BP oil disaster  Fracking for gas in the Karoo  Plastic Pollution 

  7. Media

  8. Books

  9. Awards

  10. Personal life

  11. References

  12. External links

{{Self promotion|article|self promotion with too many non-encyclopedic quotes|date=August 2018}}{{for|the Welsh lawyer and politician|Lewis Pugh Pugh}}{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}{{Infobox person
| name = Lewis Pugh
| image = Headshot Lewis Pugh.jpg
| image_size = 225px
| caption = Lewis Pugh
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1969|12|05}}
| birth_place = Plymouth, England
| nationality = British
| citizenship = United Kingdom, South Africa
| alma mater = Jesus College, CambridgeUniversity of Cape Town
| occupation = Endurance swimmer and Ocean advocate
| honours = Order of Ikhamanga (Gold Class) 2009

Doctor of Science 2015


| parents = Surgeon Rear Admiral P.D. Gordon Pugh and Margery Pugh
| website = lewispugh.com
}}

Lewis William Gordon Pugh, OIG, (born 5 December 1969) is a British-South African endurance swimmer and ocean advocate.

He has been described as the "Sir Edmund Hillary of swimming."[1][2] He was the first person to complete a long-distance swim in every ocean of the world,[3] and he frequently swims in vulnerable ecosystems to draw attention to their plight.

Pugh is best known for undertaking the first swim across the North Pole in 2007 to highlight the melting of the Arctic sea ice. In 2010 he swam across a glacial lake on Mount Everest to draw attention to the melting of the glaciers in the Himalayas, and the impact the reduced water supply will have on peace in the region. In 2018 he swam the full length of the English Channel to call for 30% of the world's oceans to be protected by 2030.

He undertakes all of his swims, even those in the Polar Regions, according to Channel Swimming Rules – i.e. in just a Speedo costume, cap and goggles.

In 2010 Pugh was named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum and in 2013 the United Nations appointed him as the first UN Patron of the Oceans.[4]

In 2016 he played a pivotal role in creating the largest marine reserve in the world in the Ross Sea off Antarctica. The media coined the term "Speedo Diplomacy" to describe his efforts swimming in the icy waters of Antarctica and shutting between the USA and Russia to help negotiate the final agreement.[5][6][7]

Pugh currently serves as an Adjunct Professor of International Law at the University of Cape Town.[8]

Early life and family

Pugh was born in Plymouth, England. His father, Surgeon Rear Admiral P.D. Gordon Pugh, OBE, FRCS was a surgeon in the Royal Navy, an author, and a prolific collector of ceramics of the Victorian era. His mother, Margery Pugh was a Senior Nursing Sister in Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service.

Education

Pugh grew up on the edge of Dartmoor in Devon. He was educated at Mount Kelly School in Tavistock. When he was 10 years old his family emigrated to South Africa. He continued his schooling at St Andrew's College in Grahamstown and later at Camps Bay High School in Cape Town. He went on to read politics and law at the University of Cape Town and graduated at the top of his Masters class.

In his mid-twenties he returned to England where he read International Law at Jesus College, Cambridge and then worked as a maritime lawyer in the City of London for a number of years. During this time he concurrently served as a Reservist in the British Special Air Service.[9]

Swimming

Over a period of 30 years Pugh has pioneered more swims around famous landmarks than any other swimmer in history. In an interview with Forbes he stated:

"Between Lynne Cox, Martin Strel and myself, we've hit all of the world's major landmarks. There's really nothing left."[10]

In 2013 he was inducted into the International Marathon Swimming Hall of Fame.[11]

Early swims

Pugh had his first real swimming lesson in 1986, at the age of 17. One month later he swam from Robben Island (where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned) to Cape Town. In 1992 he swam across the English Channel. In 2002 he broke the record for the fastest time for swimming around Robben Island.

He was the first person to swim around Cape Agulhas (the southernmost point in Africa), the Cape of Good Hope, and the Cape Peninsula (a {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} swim from Cape Town to Muizenberg). Pugh was also the first person to swim across an African Great Lake, namely Lake Malawi.

Cold water swims

After 2003 Pugh focused on pioneering swims in the coldest and most hostile waters of the world. All of them were undertaken in accordance with Channel Swimming Association rules, in just a pair of Speedo swimming trunks, cap and goggles. He became the first person to swim around the infamous North Cape, the northernmost point in Europe. The following year he became the first person to swim down the entire length of Sognefjord in Norway, a {{convert|204|km|mi|abbr=on}} swim which took him 21 days to complete.

In 2005 he broke the world record for the farthest-north long-distance swim by undertaking a {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} swim at 80° North around Verlegenhuken, the northern-most cape in Spitsbergen. He followed that five months later by breaking Lynne Cox's world record for the farthest-south long-distance swim by undertaking a {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} swim at 65° South at Petermann Island off the Antarctic Peninsula.

Anticipatory Thermo-Genesis

On both his Arctic and Antarctic expeditions Professor Tim Noakes, a sports scientist from the University of Cape Town, recorded Pugh's ability to raise his core body temperature by nearly 2 °C in anticipation of entering the freezing water.[12][13] He coined the phrase "anticipatory thermo-genesis" (the creation of heat before an event).[14][15] This phenomenon had not been noted in any other human. Noakes argues it is a Pavlovian Response to years of cold water swimming, while Pugh believes it is a response to fear.[16][17][18]

World Winter Swimming Championships

In 2006 Pugh challenged Russia's top cold water swimmers to a 500-metre race at the World Winter Swimming Championships in Finland. He easily won the gold medal, beating Russian Champion Alexander Brylin by over 100 metres and the bronze medalist Nefatov Vladimir by 125 metres.

"Holy Grail" of swimming

In 2006 Pugh achieved the "Holy Grail" of swimming by becoming the first person to complete a long-distance swim in all five oceans of the world. His five swims were :

  • Atlantic Ocean – across the English Channel in 1992
  • Arctic Ocean – around the most northern point of the Island of Spitsbergen in 2005
  • Southern Ocean – across Whaler's Bay in Deception Island in 2005
  • Indian Ocean – across Nelson Mandela Bay in 2006
  • Pacific Ocean – from Manly Beach through the Sydney Heads to the Sydney Opera House in 2006

Environmental swims

River Thames

In 2006, he became the first person to swim the entire length of the River Thames. He undertook the swim to draw attention to the severe drought in England and the dangers of global warming. The {{convert|325|km|mi|abbr=on}} swim took him 21 days to complete. The upper stretch of the river had stopped flowing due to the drought, forcing Pugh to run the first {{convert|42|km|mi|abbr=on}} of the river.

While swimming through London, Pugh exited the water and made a visit to Tony Blair at 10 Downing Street to call on the United Kingdom to move towards a low carbon economy. Shortly afterwards the Prime Minister introduced the Climate Change Bill to Parliament.

Maldives

In February 2007 Pugh became the first person to swim across the width of the Maldives. He undertook the swim to raise awareness about the effect of climate change on low-lying islands in the world. The {{convert|140|km|mi|abbr=on}} swim took 10 days to complete.

North Pole

In July 2007 Pugh undertook the first long-distance swim across the Geographic North Pole. The {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} swim, across an open patch of sea, in minus 1.7 °C (29 °F) water, took 18 minutes and 50 seconds to complete. Jørgen Amundsen, the great-grandnephew of Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, paced Pugh by skiing alongside him during the swim.[19]

The swim coincided with the lowest coverage of Arctic sea ice ever recorded. After his swim Pugh explained his decision to swim in just a Speedo costume:

"I urge world leaders to do everything they can to protect our environment. But sometimes the legislation I request they enact is unpopular with the electorate. If I am asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit or a dry-suit would not send the right message."[20]

Mt Everest

In May 2010 Pugh swam across Lake Pumori, a glacial lake on Mt Everest, to highlight the melting of the glaciers in the Himalayas and the impact the reduced water supply will have on world peace.[21]

Millions of people from India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal rely on the water, which flows from the Himalayan glaciers. The {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} swim, at an altitude of 5,300 metres, in 2 °C water (35 °F),[22] took 22 minutes and 51 seconds to complete.

The Seven Seas

In August 2014 Pugh undertook the first long-distance swim in all the Seven Seas to campaign for more Marine Protected Areas in the region. The swims took place in the following locations:

  • Mediterranean Sea – a 10 km swim off Monte Carlo in Monaco
  • Adriatic Sea – a 10 km swim off Zadar in Croatia
  • Aegean Sea – a 10 km swim off Athens in Greece
  • Black Sea – a 10 km swim off Şile in Turkey
  • Red Sea – a 10 km swim off Aqaba in Jordan
  • Arabian Sea – a 10 km swim off Rass Al Hadd in Oman
  • North Sea – a 60 km Thames swim from Southend-on-Sea to the Thames Barrier, east London.

Afterwards Pugh wrote in an op-ed in the New York Times that:

"The swims were intended to draw attention to the health of the oceans. But I seriously underestimated the urgency of the issue I was swimming for. As the United Nation's Patron of the Oceans, I have given many speeches stressing the need to protect our environment for the sake of our children and grandchildren. I now I realize it’s not about our children. It’s about us. The situation is much worse than I thought. I was shocked by what I saw in the seas, and by what I didn’t see. I saw no sharks, no whales, no dolphins. I saw no fish longer than 30 centimeters (11 inches). The larger ones had all been fished out."

[23]

English Channel

In July and August 2018, Pugh swam the entire length of the English Channel – the first person ever to do so.[24][25] He left Land's End in Cornwall on 12 July and arrived in Dover on 29 August, after 49 days at sea. He swam between 10 and 20 kilometres each day in order to cover the distance. Pugh swam the 528 kilometres (328 miles) to call for 30% of oceans to be protected by 2030. He was greeted on landing at Shakespeare Beach by UK Environment Secretary Michael Gove, who described him as a "modern day hero" and a "brilliant champion for marine conservation zones.'[26][27]

Kayaking

In September 2008, Pugh, accompanied by a team aboard a ship where he slept, attempted to kayak the 1,200 km from Svalbard, across the Arctic Ocean, to the North Pole, but the team abandoned the effort 135 km from the start.[28] The aim was to further highlight the melting sea ice. The expedition coincided with some scientists predicting that the North Pole could be free of sea-ice in the summer of 2008, for the first time in thousands of years.[29] Pugh stated that despite several attempts, they were unable to find a gap in the ice. In his autobiography Pugh wrote:

"Ironically, global warming played no small part in undermining the entire expedition. We believed that the greater melting of summer ice would open up large areas of sea and allow us to paddle north at good speed. What we did not fully appreciate was that to the north of us there was a widespread melting of sea ice off the coast of Alaska and the New Siberian Islands and the ice was being pushed south towards us ... The evidence of climate change was stark. Fourteen months before I'd sailed north and I'd seen a preponderance of multi-year ice about three metres thick north of Spitsbergen, but this time most of the ice was just a metre thick."[30]

Public speaking

Pugh has twice spoken at the TED Global Conference and is described on their website as a "master story-teller".[31] The Financial Times reported that his speech at TEDGlobal in 2010:

“... was the perfect TED talk: a little bit of action, some thinking outside the box, humbling words on the need to respect nature, a happy ending. A Hollywood scriptwriter could not have structured it better.”[32]

And his speech on environmental leadership at the 2008 Business Innovation Forum Conference in the USA was voted as one of the "7 Most Inspiring Videos on the Web" by Mashable, the social media guide.[33]

Pugh has addressed the World Economic Forum at their annual meeting in Davos. He also gave the keynote addresses at Coca-Cola's 125th anniversary in 2011, Lloyd's Agency Network's 200th anniversary in 2011, and Swiss Re's 150th anniversary in 2013.[34]

Environmental campaigning

During his youth Pugh visited many National Parks in South Africa, following his father's desire to teach him to love and respect nature after what he had witnessed whilst serving in the Royal Navy.[35]

His father was present at the first British atomic bomb test in 1952 and a number of subsequent tests.

In 2003 Pugh left his maritime law practice to campaign full-time for the protection of the oceans. He often addresses Heads of State and business leaders on the topics of climate change, overfishing and pollution and the need for Marine Protected Areas and low carbon economies.

In 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Pugh took the evidence of witnesses from across Africa on the effects of climate change at the Pan-African Climate and Poverty Hearings. The evidence was presented to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference.[36]

Polar Defense Project

In 2008 Pugh founded the Polar Defense Project to campaign for greater protection for the Arctic and a resolution of the maritime boundary disputes. In 2009 it won the Best Project for the Environment at the inaugural Beyond Sport Awards.[37]

BP oil disaster

Pugh was outspoken on the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. In a feature in Business Day he said:

"They [BP top executives] should be criminally prosecuted. They should go to jail. What I can't understand is why people haven't responded more vigorously, by boycotting BP."[38]

Fracking for gas in the Karoo

Pugh also opposes fracking for gas in the Karoo region of South Africa. In a public speech to Royal Dutch Shell in 2011 entitled "Standing up to Goliath" he said:

"Never, ever did I think there would be a debate in this arid country about which was more important – gas or water. We can survive without gas. We can not live without water ... Now is the time for change. We cannot drill our way out of the energy crisis. The era of fossil fuels is over. We must invest in renewable energy. And we must not delay."[39]

In 2015 Royal Dutch Shell decided to pull out of their proposed fracking projects in South Africa citing lower energy prices and delays in obtaining an exploration licence.[40]

Plastic Pollution

In 2018 Pugh was listed as the 3rd most influential person in the world discussing how to tackle plastic pollution on social media.[41]

Media

Pugh has appeared on numerous TV shows including Good Morning America, Jay Leno,[42] Richard & Judy, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart[43] and BBC Breakfast. He has also been featured by Dr. Sanjay Gupta on Vital Signs on CNN,[44] ADN on France 2, Carte Blanche and Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel.[45]

In 2009 Pugh starred in Robson Green's Wild Swimming Adventure where he trained the English actor to swim across the icy waters of Llyn Llydaw, a lake on Snowdon in Wales. Afterwards Robson Green said:

"… Lewis prepared me psychologically for something that was way outside my comfort zone. His introduction to the notion of committing to an objective, becoming unstoppable and reaching that objective was life changing. There was no swim I couldn't do after meeting Lewis because anything is possible if you COMMIT!!"[46]

In 2013 he appeared on the front of The Big Issue holding a northern rockhopper penguin in an issue dedicated to ocean issues.[47]

Books

In 2010 Pugh's autobiography "Achieving the Impossible" was published by Simon & Schuster. It quickly became a No. 1 best-seller.[48]

In 2013 Pugh wrote a second book entitled "21 Yaks and a Speedo". The title is a reference to his swim on Mt Everest. The book is a collection of 21 short stories about his expeditions and the lessons he has learnt from them. It was published by Jonathan Ball Publishers. The Financial Times described the book as "compelling"[49]

and Nobel Peace Laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu said "The book made me want to stand a little taller."[50]

Awards

{{BLP sources|date=October 2016}}
  • 2018 - Inducted into the Ice Swimming Hall of Fame [51]
  • 2017 - SAB Environmentalist of the Year [52]
  • 2017 - The Sunday Times Alternative Rich List for "people who represent the most inspiring side of humanity" [53][54]
  • 2017 – Appointed as an Adjunct Professor of International Law at the University of Cape Town[55]
  • 2015 – Doctor of Science (honoris causa) from Plymouth University [56]
  • 2015 – Selected by Men's Journal as one of "50 Most Adventurous Men in the World" [57]
  • 2015 – National Geographic Adventurer of the Year [58]
  • 2013 – Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts
  • 2013 – Appointed as the United Nations Patron of the Oceans
  • 2013 – Inducted into the International Marathon Swimming Hall of Fame[59]
  • 2013 – Honorary Fellow of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society
  • 2011 – Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, London
  • 2011 – President's Award from the International Swimming Hall of Fame[60]
  • 2010 – Appointed a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum
  • 2009 – Awarded the highest honour in South Africa – the Order of Ikhamanga (Gold Class) for his "exceptional sporting triumphs, humanitarian feats and creating consciousness about the negative effects of global warming". This was only the third time a sportsman had received the honour.[61]
  • 2009 – Best Project for the Environment – Beyond Sport Awards[62]
  • 2008 – Out There Adventurer of the Year
  • 2007 – Fellow of The Explorers Club, New York
  • 2007 – Paul Harris Fellowship Award by Rotary International
  • 2007 – Sports Adventurer of the Year Award by the French Sports Academy
  • 2006 – Freedom of the City of London

Personal life

In 2009 Pugh married Antoinette Malherbe, whom he met at school.[63]

Pugh is a descendant of Baptist missionary William Carey. His father's cousin, Carey Heydenrych, participated in the "Great Escape" from the German POW camp Stalag Luft III during the Second World War.[64][65]

References

1. ^{{cite news|url=http://nytimes.com|title=Swimmer conquers Mt Everest|publisher=New York Times|author=Bill Pennington|date=May 2010|accessdate=15 Nov 2014}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.mrporter.com/journal/wild-men/the-ice-breaker/123|title=The Ice Breaker|publisher=Mr Porter|author=Sophy Roberts|date=November 2014|accessdate=15 November 2014}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=http://outside-blog.away.com/blog/2009/12/adventure-lab-worlds-ultimate-cold-water-swimmer.html|title=World's Best Cold Water Swimmer|publisher=Outside Online|author=Joe Spring|date=December 2009|accessdate=17 December 2009}}
4. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.unep.org/NewsCentre/default.aspx?DocumentID=2718&ArticleID=9548&l=en |title = Pioneer Swimmer Lewis Pugh Unveiled as UN Environment Programme Patron of the Oceans |publisher = United Nations Environment Programme |date = June 2013 |accessdate = 19 June 2013 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130629132255/http://unep.org/newscentre/Default.aspx?DocumentID=2718&ArticleID=9548&l=en |archivedate = 29 June 2013 |df = dmy-all}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/united-nations-british-swimmer-lewis-pugh-speedo-antarctica-a7386281.html|title=UN hails Lewis Pugh's 'Speedo diplomacy' for helping to protect the Antarctic|publisher=www.independent.co.uk|date=October 2016|accessdate=29 October 2016}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/what-speedos-and-polar-bears-teach-us-about-the-lost-art-of-negotiating|title=What speedos and polar bears teach us about the lost art of negotiating|publisher=World Economic Forum|date=November 2016|accessdate=18 November 2016}}
7. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-37789594|title=World's Largest Marine Protected Area declared in Antarctica|publisher=BBC|date=October 2016|accessdate=28 October 2016}}
8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.uct.ac.za/dailynews/?id=10342|title=UCT appoints Lewis Pugh as an Adjunct Professor|publisher=UCT|author=UCT|date=May 2017|accessdate=17 May 2017}}
9. ^{{cite news|title=Achieving the Impossible. A Fearless Leader. A Fragile Earth|publisher=Simon & Schuster|author=Lewis Gordon Pugh|date=May 2010|accessdate=1 May 2010}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/fyi/2007/1029/117.html|title=The Ice Bear Cometh|publisher=Forbes|author=Todd Pitock|date=29 October 2007|accessdate=24 August 2008}}
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://dailynews.openwaterswimming.com/2012/10/lewis-pugh-honored-by-international.html|title=Lewis Pugh Honored by the International Marathon Swimming Hall of Fame|publisher=The Daily News of Open Water Swimming|author=The Daily News of Open Water Swimming|date=October 2012|accessdate=23 October 2012}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2805%2967833-6/fulltext|title=Profile: Lewis Gordon Pugh – Polar Swimmer |publisher=The Lancet|author=Dr James Butcher Phd|date=December 2005|accessdate=1 December 2005}}
13. ^{{cite news|title=Body temperatures during three long-distance polar swims |publisher=Journal of Thermal Biology 2009, 34 (1) : 23–31|authors=Professor Tim Noakes and Dr Jonathan Dugas|year=2009|display-authors=etal}}
14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/0605/whats_new/lewis_gordon_pugh.html|title=What It Takes: Lewis Gordon Pugh|publisher=National Geographic|author=Andrew Berg|date=May 2006|accessdate=19 September 2008}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126962.200-superhuman-the-secrets-of-the-ice-man.html?page=2|title=Superhuman; The Secrets of the Ice Man|publisher=New Scientist|author=Duncan Graham-Rowe|date=February 2009|accessdate=24 February 2009}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/01/world/europe/arctic-swim-lewis-pugh.html|title=A Freezing Swim to Call Attention to Warming Waters|publisher=The New York Times|date=August 2017|accessdate=1 August 2017}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nrk.no/troms/xl/en-iskald-kamp-mot-varmere-klima-1.13630853 |title=An Ice Cold fight Against Warmer Climate|publisher=NRK|date=August 2017|accessdate=12 August 2017}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=http://lewispugh.com/how-i-do-what-i-do/|title=How I do What I do|publisher=Lewis Pugh|date=August 2017|accessdate=5 August 2017}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ted.com/talks/lewis_pugh_swims_the_north_pole.html|title=Lewis Pugh swims the North Pole|publisher=TED|date=September 2009|accessdate=5 August 2011}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://lewispugh.com/press/|title=FAQ's|publisher=Lewis Pugh|date=January 2015|accessdate=5 January 2015}}
21. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.lewispugh.com/expeditions.html |title = Forthcoming Expeditions |publisher = Lewis Gordon Pugh's website |author = Lewis Gordon Pugh |date = December 2009 |accessdate = 5 December 2009 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091004011344/http://www.lewispugh.com/expeditions.html |archivedate = 4 October 2009 |df = dmy-all}}
22. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.lewispugh.com/expeditions/Expeditions.aspx |title = Expeditions, Everest |publisher = Lewis Gordon Pugh's website |author = Lewis Gordon Pugh |date = May 2010 |accessdate = 19 September 2010 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100722164631/http://www.lewispugh.com/expeditions/Expeditions.aspx |archivedate = 22 July 2010 |df = dmy-all}}
23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/29/opinion/swimming-through-garbage.html?_r=0|title=Swimming through Garbage|publisher=The New York Times|date=September 2014|accessdate=28 September 2014}}
24. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.channelswimmingassociation.com/news/152/csa-congratulate-lewis-pugh-the-long-swim|title=CSA congratulate Lewis Pugh on "The Long Swim"|publisher=Channel Swimming Association|date=September 2018|accessdate=30 September 2018}}
25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/542830-first-person-to-swim-the-length-of-the-english-channel|title=First Person To Swim The Length of The English Channel|publisher=Guinness World Records|date=August 2018|accessdate=29 September 2018}}
26. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-45332167|title=Endurance Swimmer Lewis Pugh Completes English Channel Challenge|publisher=BBC|date=August 2018|accessdate=29 September 2018}}
27. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/the-long-swim-lewis-pughs-daily-blog-11428024|title=The Long Swim Lewis Pugh's daily blog|publisher=Sky News|date=August 2018|accessdate=29 August 2018}}
28. ^{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL635315320080906|publisher=Reuters|author=Caroline Drees|date=6 September 2008 |accessdate=8 August 2010| title=Explorer kayaks to 1,000 km from N.Pole}}
29. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/weather/06/27/north.pole.melting/|title=North Pole Could Be Ice-Free This Summer, Scientists Say|publisher=CNN|author=Alan Duke|date=27 June 2008|accessdate=19 September 2008}}
30. ^{{cite news|title=Achieving the Impossible. A Fearless Leader. A Fragile Earth|publisher=Simon & Schuster|author=Lewis Gordon Pugh|date=May 2010|accessdate=1 May 2010}}
31. ^{{cite news|url=http://blog.ted.com/2010/07/30/a-mind-shifting-mt-everest-swim-lewis-pugh-on-ted-com/|title=A mind-shifting Mt. Everest swim|publisher=TED|date=August 2010|accessdate=3 August 2010}}
32. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/42c699da-95e8-11df-bbb4-00144feab49a.html|title=Conference of cool|publisher=FT.com|date=July 2010|accessdate=23 July 2010}}
33. ^{{cite news|url=http://mashable.com/2009/11/08/inspiring-videos/ |title=7 of the Most Inspiring Videos|publisher=Mashable|author=Josh Catone|date=November 2009|accessdate=8 November 2009}}
34. ^{{cite news|url=http://lewispugh.com/speaking/#topics-start|title=Lewis Pugh Speaking|publisher=Lewis Pugh's website|author=Lewis Pugh|date=December 2013|accessdate=12 December 2013}}
35. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ted.com/speakers/lewis_pugh.html|title=Time to Believe|publisher=Speech at TEDGlobal 2009|author=Lewis Gordon Pugh|date=July 2009|accessdate=22 July 2009}}
36. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.oryxmedia.co.za/people/pan-african-climate-change-and-poverty-hearing-hosted-by-oxfam-in-cape-town-5-october-2009 |title = Pan-African Climate Change and Poverty Hearing |publisher = Oryx Media |date = October 2009 |accessdate = 5 October 2009 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100913134432/http://www.oryxmedia.co.za/people/pan-african-climate-change-and-poverty-hearing-hosted-by-oxfam-in-cape-town-5-october-2009 |archivedate = 13 September 2010 |df = dmy-all}}
37. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.beyondsport.org/the-awards/entries/shortlist.php|title=2009 Winners|publisher=Beyond Sport|author=Beyond Sport|date=July 2009|accessdate=8 July 2009}}
38. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/|title=Going to the Extreme|publisher=Business Day|author=Gary Lemke|date=7 June 2010|accessdate=7 July 2010}}
39. ^{{cite news|title=21 Yaks and a Speedo|publisher=Jonathan Ball Publishing|author=Lewis Pugh|date=7 June 2013|accessdate=1 July 2013}}
40. ^{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-shell-shale-idUKKBN0MC0G920150316|title=Shell pulls back from shale in South Africa|publisher=Reuters|author=Reuters|date=16 March 2015|accessdate=16 March 2015}}
41. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.onalytica.com/blog/posts/tackling-plastic-pollution-top-100-influencers-brands-publications/|title=Tackling plastic pollution. Top 100 influencers, brands and publication|publisher=Onalytica|author=Joe Fields|date=26 March 2018|accessdate=26 March 2018}}
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43. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/tue-july-31-2007/lewis-gordon-pugh|title=Lewis Pugh|publisher=Comedy Central|author=Jon Stewart|date=July 2007|accessdate=31 July 2007}}
44. ^{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/02/25/lewis.pugh/index.html|title=Lewis Pugh: The Human Polar Bear|publisher=CNN|author=Mark Tutton|date=February 2009|accessdate=25 February 2009}}
45. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.hbo.com/realsports/stories/2006/episode.109.s3.html|title=An Uncommon Man|publisher=HBO|author=Bernard Goldberg|date=April 2006|accessdate=11 April 2006}}
46. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.robsongreen.com/wild-swimming/index.shtml |title = Wild Swimming |publisher = Robson Green's website |author = Robson Green |date = December 2009 |accessdate = 15 December 2009 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091207044530/http://www.robsongreen.com/wild-swimming/index.shtml |archivedate = 7 December 2009 |df = dmy-all}}
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48. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.lewispugh.com/|title=Book|publisher=Lewis Gordon Pugh's website|author=Lewis Gordon Pugh|date=June 2009|accessdate=28 June 2009}}
49. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.lewispugh.com/|title=Book|publisher=Jonathan Ball Publishing|author=Lewis Gordon Pugh|date=May 2013|accessdate=10 May 2013}}
50. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.lewispugh.com/|title=Book|publisher=Jonathan Ball Publishing|author=Lewis Gordon Pugh|date=May 2013|accessdate=10 May 2013}}
51. ^{{cite news|url=http://dailynews.openwaterswimming.com/2018/12/ice-swimming-hall-of-fame-members.html|title=Ice Swimming Hall of Fame members announced|publisher=Daily News of Open Water Swimming |author=Steven Munatones|date=December 2018|accessdate=9 December 2018}}
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54. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Sunday Times|title=The Alternative Rich List|publisher=The Sunday Times (UK)|author=The Sunday Times (UK)|date=May 2017|accessdate=7 May 2017}}
55. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2017/05/17/Ocean-swimmer-Lewis-Pugh-dives-into-academic-maelstrom-as-UCT-law-prof1|title=Ocean swimmer Lewis Pugh dives into academic maelstrom as UCT law prof|publisher=Times Live|author=Times Live|date=May 2017|accessdate=17 May 2017}}
56. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/round-plymouth-university-hands-honorary-degrees/story-27867328-detail/story.html |title = Round-up: Plymouth University hands out honorary degrees |publisher = The Herald |author = The Herald |date = September 2015 |accessdate = 25 September 2015}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
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58. ^{{cite news|url=http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/adventurers-of-the-year/2015/lewis-pugh/|title=Adventurers of the Year 2014/2015|publisher=National Geographic|author=National Geographic|date=November 2014|accessdate=6 November 2014}}
59. ^{{cite news|url=http://dailynews.openwaterswimming.com/2012/10/lewis-pugh-honored-by-international.html|title=Lewis Pugh Honored by the International Marathon Swimming Hall of Fame|publisher=The Daily News of Open Water Swimming|author=The Daily News of Open Water Swimming|date=October 2012|accessdate=23 October 2012}}
60. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/international-swimming-hall-of-fame-announces-induction-class-of-2011/|title=International Swimming Hall of Fame Announces Induction Class of 2011|publisher=Swimming World Magazine|author=Archive Team|date=December 2010|accessdate=1 December 2010}}
61. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/show.asp?include=director/pr/2009/pr12021559.htm&ID=1918&type=pr |title=Presidency unveils National Orders recipients |publisher=The Presidency, Republic of South Africa |author=Office of the President of South Africa |date=December 2009 |accessdate=2 December 2009 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
62. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.beyondsport.org/the-awards/entries/shortlist.php|title=2009 Winners|publisher=Beyond Sport|author=Beyond Sport|date=July 2009|accessdate=8 July 2009}}
63. ^{{cite news|title=Achieving the Impossible. A Fearless Leader. A Fragile Earth|publisher=Simon & Schuster|author=Lewis Gordon Pugh|date=May 2010|accessdate=1 May 2010}}
64. ^{{cite news|title=Achieving the Impossible. A Fearless Leader. A Fragile Earth|publisher=Simon & Schuster|author=Lewis Gordon Pugh|date=May 2010|accessdate=1 May 2010}}
65. ^{{cite news|url=http://lewispugh.com/where-is-our-great-escape/|title=Where Is Our Great Escape?|publisher=Lewis Pugh|author=Lewis Pugh|date=Sep 2017|accessdate=8 September 2017}}

External links

{{wikiquote}}
  • Official website of Lewis Pugh
  • TED talk on swimming across the North Pole
  • TED talk on swimming at Mt. Everest
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pugh, Lewis}}

13 : 1969 births|Living people|English male swimmers|Male long-distance swimmers|Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge|Alumni of Camps Bay High School|Explorers of the Arctic|University of Cape Town alumni|Alumni of St. Andrew's College (South Africa)|English lawyers|People from Plymouth|Recipients of the Order of Ikhamanga|Special Air Service soldiers
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