“Cyathea”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

　

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Cyathea

释义

Description
Classification
Uncertain or dubious taxa Misassigned taxa
References
Notes Bibliography
External links

{{distinguish|Cyathium|Cyathus}}{{automatic taxobox
| image = Cyathea-med3.jpg
| image_caption = Cyathea medullaris growing in New Zealand
| taxon = Cyathea
| authority = J. E. Smith, 1793
| subdivision_ranks = Subgenera and sections
| subdivision =

Subgenus Cyathea
- Alsophila
- Cyathea
Subgenus Sphaeropteris
- Sphaeropteris
Subgenus Hymenophyllopsis

| synonyms =

Acanthea Lindig, 1861
Alsophila R. Brown, 1810
Amphicosmia Gardner, 1842
Chlamydia Moore, 1857
Chnoophora Kaulfuss, 1824
Cormiophyllum Newman, 1856
Cyatheopsis Karsten, 1858
Dichorexia Presl, 1847
Dicranophlebia Martius, 1834
Disphenia Presl, 1836
Eatoniopteris Bommer, 1873
Eleutheria Kunze, 1844
Fourniera Bommer, 1873
Gymnopremnon Lindig, 1861
Gymnosphaera Blume, 1828
Halophlebia Martius, 1834
Hymenophyllopsis Goebel, 1929
Nephelea Tryon, 1970
Notocarpia Presl, 1836
Notophoria Presl, 1848
Sarcopholis
Schizocaena W. J. Hooker, 1838
Schizocaena J. E. Smith, 1838
Sclephropteris P. G. Windisch
Sphaeropteris Bernhardi, 1801
Thysanobotrya Alderwerelt, 1918
Trachypremnon Lindig, 1861
Trichipteris Presl, 1822
Trichopteris Spreng., orth. var.

}}

Cyathea is a genus of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales.

The genus name Cyathea is derived from the Greek kyatheion, meaning "little cup", and refers to the cup-shaped sori on the underside of the fronds.

Description

The species of Cyathea are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk.

The genus has a pantropical distribution, with over 470 species. They grow in habitats ranging from tropical rain forests to temperate woodlands.

Classification

The classification below follows the findings of Conant et al. in 1996^[1]. These workers concluded on molecular cpDNA and morphological evidence that a system of three clades – Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris is the most accurate reflection of evolutionary lineages within the Cyatheaceae, Alsophila being the most basal and Cyathea and Sphaeropteris derived sister groups.

Subgenus: //Cyathea subg. Cyathea">Cyathea, section Alsophila

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Subgenus: //Cyathea subg. Cyathea">Cyathea, section Cyathea

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Subgenus: //Cyathea sect. Sphaeropteris">Sphaeropteris, section Sphaeropteris

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Subgenus: //Cyathea subg. Hymenophyllopsis">Hymenophyllopsis

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Cyathea asplenioides syn.: Hymenophyllopsis asplenioides
Cyathea ctenitoides syn.: Hymenophyllopsis ctenitoides
Cyathea dejecta syn.: Hymenophyllopsis dejecta
Cyathea hymenophylloidessyn.: Hymenophyllopsis hymenophylloides
Cyathea incognita syn.: Hymenophyllopsis incognita
Cyathea tepuiana syn.: Hymenophyllopsis steyermarkii
Cyathea trichomanoides syn.: Hymenophyllopsis superba
Cyathea universitatis syn.: Hymenophyllopsis universitatis

{{div col end}}

Uncertain or dubious taxa

Alsophila crassa Karsten, 1869
Cyathea affinis M. Martens & Galeotti, 1842

Misassigned taxa

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Cyathea abitaguensis (Domin) Domin, 1930 = Cnemidaria uleana
Cyathea antillana Domin, 1930 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
Cyathea aristata Domin, 1930 = Cnemidaria apiculata
Cyathea choricarpa (Maxon) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria choricarpa
Cyathea commutata Sprengel, 1804 = Cnemidaria horrida
Cyathea decurrentiloba Domin, 1930 = Cnemidaria decurrens
Cyathea elegantissima (Fée) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria decurrens
Cyathea ewanii Alston, 1958 = Cnemidaria ewanii
Cyathea grandifolia Willdenow, 1810 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
Cyathea grandis (Maxon) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria mutica
Cyathea guatemalensis (Maxon) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria decurrens
Cyathea horrida (Linnaeus) J. E. Smith, 1793 = Cnemidaria horrida
Cyathea imrayana (W. J. Hooker) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
Cyathea karsteniana Klotzsch, 1852 = Cnemidaria karsteniana
Cyathea kohautiana (Presl) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
Cyathea leprieurii (Kunze) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria cruciata
Cyathea liebmannii Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria decurrens
Cyathea lucida (Fée) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria decurrens
Cyathea minita Kaulfuss, 1824 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
Cyathea mutica (Christ) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria mutica
Cyathea obtusa (Kaulfuss) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
Cyathea roraimensis (Domin) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria roraimensis
Cyathea spectabilis (Kunze) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria spectabilis
- Cyathea spectabilis var. colombiensis Stolze, 1974 = Cnemidaria spectabilis var. colombiensis
- Cyathea spectabilis var. longipinna (Domin) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria spectabilis var. spectabilis
- Cyathea spectabilis var. trinitensis (Domin) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria spectabilis var. spectabilis
Cyathea subarborescens Domin, 1930 = Cnemidaria uleana
Cyathea subincisa (Kunze) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria speciosa

{{div col end}}

References

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Conant|first1=D.S.|last2=Raubeson|first2=L.A.|last3=Attwood|first3=D.K.|last4=Perera|first4=S.|last5=Zimmer|first5=E.A.|last6=Sweere|first6=J.A.|last7=Stein|first7=D.B.|chapter=Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications of combined analysis of DNA and morphology in the Cyatheaceae|date=1996|editor-last1=Camus|editor-first1=J.M.|editor-last2=Gibby|editor-first2=M.|editor-last3=Johns|editor-first3=R.J.|title=Pteridology in perspective|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens|location=Kew, U.K.|pages=231-248|isbn=9781900347099}}
2. ^Ranil, R.H.G., D.K.N.G. Pushpakumara, T. Janssen, D.S.A. Wijesundara & D.U.M.B. Dhanasekara 2010. Cyathea srilankensis Ranil: a new tree fern species from Sri Lanka. American Fern Journal 100(1): 39–44. {{DOI|10.1640/0002-8444-100.1.39}}

Notes

{{notelist}}

Bibliography

Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2009). New combinations and an overview of Cyathea subg. Hymenophyllopsis (Cyatheaceae). Phytotaxa 1: 37-42.
Large, M.F. and J.E. Braggins (2004). Tree Ferns. Timber Press, Inc. {{ISBN|0-88192-630-2}}
Lehnert, M. (2006). New species and records of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) in the northern Andes. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 6: 321-322, electronic supplement 13: 1-11.
Lehnert, M. (2009). Three new species of scaly tree ferns (Cyathea-Cyatheaceae) from the northern Andes. Phytotaxa 2: 43-56.
The International Plant Names Index

External links

Cyathea: World Species List
Alsophila: World Species List
Sphaeropteris: World Species List
Smith's original description of the genus online at Project Gutenberg
Community: Care and propagation of Treeferns (German/English)
Fern Files: Cyathea

{{Commons category|position=left|Cyathea|
Cyathea}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q121608}}

4 : Cyathea|Cyatheaceae|Fern genera|Pantropical flora

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