“Cyperaceae”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Cyperaceae are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble the closely related rushes and the more distantly related grasses. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera,^[2]^[3] the largest being the "true sedges" genus Carex^[4]^[5] with over 2,000 species.^[6] These species are widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical Asia and tropical South America. While sedges may be found growing in almost all environments, many are associated with wetlands, or with poor soils. Ecological communities dominated by sedges are known as sedgelands.

Features distinguishing members of the sedge family from grasses or rushes are stems with triangular cross-sections (with occasional exceptions) and leaves that are spirally arranged in three ranks (grasses have alternate leaves forming two ranks).^[7]^[8]^[9]

Some well-known sedges include the water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) and the papyrus sedge (Cyperus papyrus), from which the Ancient Egyptian writing material was made. This family also includes cotton-grass (Eriophorum), spike-rush (Eleocharis), sawgrass (Cladium), nutsedge or nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus, a common lawn weed), and white star sedge (Rhynchospora colorata).

Selected genera

References

1. ^{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2017-05-25 | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-06-26 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}
2. ^{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W. | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}
3. ^{{cite book |author1=R. Govaerts |author2=D. A. Simpson |author3=with J. Bruhl |author4=T. Egorova |author5=P. Goetghebeur |author6=K. Wilson |year=2007 |title=Word Checklist of Cyperaceae: Sedges |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |isbn=978-1-84246-199-0}}
4. ^{{cite web | title=Sedge family – definition and more from the free Mirriam-Webster Dictionary | publisher=Mirriam-Webster | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sedge%20family | accessdate=25 December 2013 }}
5. ^{{cite book|last1= Milne|first1=Lorus Johnson|last2=Milne|first2=Margery Joan Greene | title=Living plants of the world | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IKXuAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Random House|page=301}}
6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hipp| first1=Andrew L.|title=Nonuniform processes of chromosome evolution in sedges (Carex: Cyperaceae) | journal=Evolution|volume=61|issue=9|year=2007|pages=2175–2194| issn=0014-3820|doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00183.x | url=http://systematics.mortonarb.org/lab/publications/Hipp2007_Evol61_chromosomeEvolution.pdf| pmid=17767589}}
7. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.backyardnature.net/fl_caryx.htm|title=Grasslike non-grasses|publisher=Backyard Nature|accessdate=December 30, 2014}}
8. ^{{eFloras|1|10246|Cyperaceae |volume=23 |first1=Peter W. |last1=Ball |first2=A. A. |last2=Reznicek |first3=David F. |last3=Murray}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/monocots/glumiflorae/glummm.html |title=Glumiflorae: More on Morphology |publisher=University of California, Berkeley|author=Brian R. Speer|date=September 29, 1995|accessdate=March 23, 2007}}

Selected genera

References

External links