“Dameli language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Dameli language

释义

Study
Classification
Phonology
Vowels Consonants
See also
References
Further reading
External links

{{Infobox language
|name= Dameli
|states= Pakistan
|region= Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
|speakers= 5,000
|date=2001
|ref=e18
|familycolor= Indo-European
|fam2=Indo-Iranian
|fam3=Indo-Aryan
|fam4=Dardic
|fam5=Kunar
|iso3= dml
|glotto=dame1241
|glottorefname=Dameli
|notice=Indic
}}

Dameli is a Dardic language spoken by approximately 5,000 people in the Domel Valley, in the Chitral District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

The Domel or Damel Valley is about ten miles south of Drosh on the East Side of the Chitral or Kunar river, on the road from the Mirkhani Fort to the pass of Arandu.

Dameli is still the main language in the villages where it is spoken, and it is regularly learned by children. Most of the men speak Pashto as a second language, and some also speak Khowar and Urdu, but there are no signs of massive language change.

Study

Emil Perder's 2013 dissertation, A Grammatical Description of Dameli, based on the author's field work, is the first comprehensive description of the Dameli language. Before Perder's work, the main source of information on Dameli was an article by Georg Morgenstierne, published in 1942: "Notes on Dameli: A Kafir-Dardic Language of the Chitral". A sociolinguistic survey written by Kendall Decker (1992) contains a chapter on Dameli.

Classification

The language is classified as a Dardic language but this is more of a geographical classification than a linguistic one. The Dardic languages have been historically seen as Indo-Iranian, but today they are placed within Indo-Aryan following Morgenstierne's work.^[1]

Phonology

The following tables set out the phonology of the Dameli Language.^[2]

Vowels

Consonants

		Labial	Coronal	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m}}	n}}	ɳ}}	(ŋ)}}
Stop	voiceless	p}}	t}}	ʈ}}	k}}	(q)}}
	voiced	b}}	d}}	ɖ}}	ɡ}}
	aspirated	pʰ}}	tʰ}}	ʈʰ}}	kʰ}}
Affricate	plain	ts}}	tʂ}}	tʃ}}
Affricate	aspirated	tsʰ}}	tʂʰ}}	tʃʰ}}
Fricative	voiceless	s}}	ʂ}}	ʃ}}	x}}	h}}
Fricative	voiced	ʐ}}	ʒ}}	ɣ}}
Approximant		l}}	j}}	w}}
Rhotic		r}}	rʲ ~ ç (?)}}

References

1. ^{{Cite encyclopaedia|year=2007|title=The Indo-Aryan languages|editor1-first=Danesh|editor1-last=Jain|editor2-first=George|editor2-last=Cardona|page=905|quote='Dardic' is a geographic cover term for those Northwest Indo-Aryan languages which [..] developed new characteristics different from the IA languages of the Indo-Gangetic plain. Although the Dardic and Nuristani (previously 'Kafiri') languages were formerly grouped together, Morgenstierne (1965) has established that the Dardic languages are Indo-Aryan, and that the Nuristani languages constitute a separate subgroup of Indo-Iranian.|isbn=978-0415772945|author-first=Elena|author-last=Bashir}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Edelman|first=D. I.|title=The Dardic and Nuristani Languages|year=1983|publisher=Institut vostokovedenii︠a︡ (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR)|location=Moscow|pages=129}}

External links

Georg Morgenstierne multimedia database
Richard Strand's Nuristan site with relevant material on closely related languages in Afghanistan

3 : Dardic languages|Languages of Chitral|Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

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