| 词条 | Liverpool Packet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Canadian privateerLiverpool Packet was originally the American slave ship Severn, built at Baltimore and rigged as a Baltimore Clipper style schooner. {{HMS|Tartarus|1806|6}} captured the schooner in August 1811. The Halifax Vice Admiralty Court, under Chief Justice Alexander Croke, condemned Severn as an illegal slave ship as both Britain and the United States had recently outlawed the Transatlantic Slave Trade.[3][4] The court then ordered her sold at auction and Enos Collins and other investors purchased her in October 1811. They renamed her Liverpool Packet, although she sometimes bore the nickname The Black Joke, a name of several infamous slave ships. At first her owners used the small and fast schooner as a packet ship carrying mail and passengers between Halifax and Liverpool, Nova Scotia.{{refn|The privateer schooner Liverpool Packet should not be confused with several larger ships described as or named the Liverpool Packet that operated out of Liverpool, England, carrying mail and passengers on the route.[5]|group=Note}} War of 1812Upon the outbreak of the War of 1812, the owners of Liverpool Packet quickly converted her to a privateer. Under the command of Joseph Barss Jnr, she captured at least 33 American vessels during the first year of the war. His strategy was to lie in wait off Cape Cod, snapping up American ships headed to Boston or New York. CaptiveShe was a menace to New England shipping until the Americans captured her in 1813. On 10 June the privateer schooner Thomas of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Captain Shaw, master, mounting twelve guns and manned with a crew of one hundred men, encountered Packet. Thomas chased her for about five hours but light winds prevented Liverpool Packet from escaping. Liverpool Packet struck her colours but then as the Americans came alongside the two vessels ran into each other. As the British ran up to push the vessels apart, the Americans, fearing they were going to be boarded, boarded Liverpool Packet. Firing broke out that killed three Americans.[6] American anger over their earlier losses to the Packet resulted in poor treatment of Barss, who languished in jail for months on a diet of bread and water until he was exchanged for American prisoners held in Halifax. In American hands she was briefly renamed Young Teaser's Ghost, after the recently destroyed American privateer Young Teazer. Failing to take any British prizes, she was renamed again as Portsmouth Packet. Under this name and under the command of Captain John Perkins, she had a short, unsuccessful career failing to capture a single prize for the Americans. Recaptured{{HMS|Fantome|1810|6}} and {{HMS|Epervier|1812|6}} recaptured Liverpool Packet, then sailing under the name Portsmouth Packet,[7] off Mount Desert Island, Maine, after a chase of thirteen hours. At the time, the privateer schooner was armed with five guns, carried a crew of 45, and had sailed from Portsmouth the previous day.The recaptured schooner was brought into Halifax where her original owners repurchased her and restored the name of Liverpool Packet. Under a new captain named Caleb Seeley, she captured fourteen prizes before the year ended. In 1814, she captured additional prizes in May and June. Then in August, she took two prizes while acting in concert with {{HMS|Shannon|1806|6}} while they were sailing off of Bridgeport and New York. Liverpool Packet continued to work often with British naval vessels right to the war's end. FateAfter the war, her owners sold her in Kingston, Jamaica; her subsequent fate is not known. A vessel with the identical name, with the master given as Steven Singleton, is mentioned carrying emigrants to the United States from England in 1817 in the Memorials of the Clarke Family.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} However, as the privateer schooner Liverpool Packet was too small for emigrant trade, this reference is likely one of several packet ships operating out of Liverpool, England which also bore the name Liverpool Packet. The War of 1812 was the last time the British allowed privateering. The practice was coming to be seen as politically inexpedient and of diminishing value in maintaining Britain's naval supremacy. Post scriptIn all, Liverpool Packet had taken 50 prizes in her brief but successful career. Her captures helped launch the great fortune of Enos Collins. Two steamships from her old homeport of Liverpool, Nova Scotia, were named in her honour in the 20th century. Notes, citations, and referencesNotes1. ^"Schooner Liverpool", Ship Information Database, Parks Canada 2. ^Leefe (1978), p. 9. 3. ^1 Stewart (1814), pp.284–6. 4. ^Conlin (1999), pp.202-12. 5. ^Lloyds Register 1810 6. ^Acadian Recorder 26 June 1813 p. 2. 7. ^{{London Gazette|issue= 16992|date=11 March 1815|page=459}} Citations{{reflist|30em}}References
External links
10 : Packet (sea transport)|Ships built in Baltimore|War of 1812 ships of Canada|Maritime history of Canada|Tall ships of Canada|Individual sailing vessels|Schooners|Privateer ships|Conflicts in Nova Scotia|Military history of Nova Scotia |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。